History ch. 21

What was the Philippine-American War

A war fought from 1899 to 1903 to quell Filipino resistance to U.S. control of the Philippine Islands.

Why was the American expansion of the 1890s different from earlier expansionist efforts?

It would create economic and military colonies overseas

What is meant by isolationism?

A belief that the United States should avoid entanglements with other nations.

What is imperialism?

A policy or practice by which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world

How did the end of the Spanish-American War impact the influence of the United States on the world stage?

It marked the United States' first major military victory against a world power and established America as an overseas empire.

What was the result of yellow journalism stories about Cuba in the 1890s?

Americans became enraged about Spain's treatment of Cubans and the sinking of the U.S. Navy ship, the Maine.

What was the Anti-Imperialist League?

An organization formed in 1898 to fight the Treaty of Paris ending the Spanish-American War. Members opposed acquiring overseas colonies, believing it would subvert American ideals and institutions. Memberships centered in New England; the cause was less popular in the South and West.

Who was the leader of the Filipino resistance to U.S. occupation of the Philippines?

Emilio Aguinaldo

What was the Treaty of Paris (1898)? What were its conditions?

Ended the Spanish-American War. Spain recognized Cuba's independence, assumed the Cuban debt, and ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States.

How were Admiral Mahan's naval theories connected to industrialism?

He said industrialism created surplus products which created a need for merchant ships and a navy.

Describe how race influenced imperialistic impulses.

Idea of a worldwide struggle/competition between the races, who is the strongest on the evolutionary scale?, the "others", fear abroad; fear at home (mixing of races: miscegenation, degradation of American labor), from savage to civilized (commerce, democratic institutions, religion), remake the world in the American image

Why was commerce (trade) important to U.S. expansion in the late 19th century?

Industrialization of America, manufactured goods, national market economy, the important role of consumers, are there enough customers?, diminishing opportunities at home?, need for new markets?, many argued the vital importance of foreign markets to continued economic growth

How were religion and foreign policy related in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the United States?

Most religious leaders believed that Americans should bring Christianity to the rest of the world, so they advocated imperialist foreign policies.

What were the major objections to annexing the Philippines after the Spanish-American War?

One of the biggest things that stood out was that the islands were 6,000 miles away from the Pacific Coast. Another reason that people argued against this was that some senators thought that annexation was a violation of American tradition and this lead other people to follow them.

How did ideas of "manhood" change at the end of the 19th century?

Shedding of Victorian manners and morality, fear of over-civilization (men becoming soft), embracing the aggressive, looking to prove valor/bravery/be heroic (like their fathers had in Civil War), survival of the fittest

Which territory caused the most debate about the merits of the United States acquiring an empire?

The Philippines

What were the major arguments (public support) for annexing the Philippines after the Spanish-American War?

The people that were for annexing the islands argued that there were business interests in thoughts of new markets and fields of investments, the United States wanted to become an empire and so they wanted to expand more. USA, especially, didn't want to lose these islands to Japan or Germany

Describe the factors that influenced imperialistic impulses for the U.S. at the end of the nineteenth century?

Theme of expansion in American history, commerce (trade), changing ideas of manhood, race, targets of expansion/imperialistic/economic impulses, the need for a foreign policy? Did the US have one?, and promoting liberty and republican/democratic ideals

How did some American labor leaders respond to the idea of annexing the Philippines?

They were against it because they worried about losing jobs to cheap labor.

What was the Open Door Policy?

This policy established free trade between the United States and China in 1900 and attempted to induce European nations and Japan to recognize the territorial integrity of China. It marked a departure from the American tradition of isolationism and signaled the country's growing involvement in the world.

What is yellow journalism?

To sell newspapers before and during the Spanish-American War, publishers engaged in blatant sensationalization of the news, which became known as "yellow journalism." Although it did not cause the war, it helped turn U.S. public opinion against Spain.

What was the Teller Amendment?

the United States pledged that it did not intend to annex Cuba and that it would recognize Cuban independence after the Spanish-American War.