History: Chapter 11 Textbook Questions

Identify and explain the goals of the alliances that were formed in Britain in the 1830s.

Whigs and Tories joined together on behalf of the Reform Act of 1832

(a) Why did Irish nationalists oppose British rule? (b) Describe two reforms that improved conditions in Ireland.

(a) - British absentee landlords owned most of the land in Ireland, but they didn't live on that land. - England took all their crops and exported them to other countries. (b) 1 - Catholic Emancipation Act: Allowed Irish Catholics to vote and hold political office. 2 - Parliament passed a home rule bill in 1914

Describe how the United States grew in each of these areas in the 1800s: (a) territory, (b) population, (c) economy

(a) - Louisiana Purchase - Mexican War and Mexican Secession - Acquisition of Alaska (b) - Immigrants moved to the US once the country began growing in industrial and agricultural production (c) The US became a leader in industrial and agricultural production after the Civil War

(a) How did the American migration West in the late 1800s differ from Irish migration to the United States during the same period? (b) How did migration to the West affect the Native American population?

(a) Americans migrated West to achieve their goals of Manifest Destiny, while the Irish migrated to the US to avoid starvation and famine. (b) As Americans migrated West, Native Americans were killed and forced out of their homes. Their population decreased and the remaining members were forced to find new homes.

(a) List two long-term causes and two immediate causes of the Great Hunger. (b) List two immediate effects. (c) Why do you think the famine sparked lasting feelings of bitterness against Britain?

(a) Long-term: 1. Britain's control over Ireland 2. Britain using most of Irish land to grow and export crops (a) Immediate: 1. Disease infected potatoes 2. Britain continuing to export goods (b) Effects: 1. Starvation 2. Emigration (c) The Irish were mad that the British continued to take their healthy crops and leave them to starve. They believed the English didn't care about the people of Ireland, they only cared about the goods.

(a) How did immigrants benefit from economic growth in the US after the Civil War? (b) What problems did workers face

(a) More jobs were opened due to America's economic growth, allowing immigrants to get jobs easily (b) Wages were low, factory conditions were brutal, and hours were long for American workers.

Why do you think the Chartists demanded (a) a secret ballot, (b) salaries for members of Parliament?

(a) They wanted privacy for voters so they weren't shamed for their views (b) Being a member of Parliament was a job, and members should be payed for that job.

(a) What solution did Zionists propose for the problem of widespread anti-Semitism? (b) Why do you think they felt it was the best solution?

(a) They wanted to build a separate state in the ancient homeland where Jew could have equal rights (b) It was a good way to gain rights for Jews without causing violence.

Identify and explain the goals of the alliances that were formed in the US in the 1860s and 1890s

- 1860s: Southern states teamed up and seceded from the Union to create the Confederate States of America. They wanted to keep slavery in the south - 1890s: Farmers joined city workers to support the Populist Party. They wanted shorter work days and better working conditions

How did the British policy toward slavery change in 1833?

- Before 1807: Slaves and slave trade used freely in Britain - 1807: Slave trade it banned in Britain but slavery still exists there. - 1833: Britain bans slavery all together.

How did the party system in France's Third Republic differ from the British party system?

- France had many parties including royalists, constitutional monarchists, moderate republicans, and rebels that formed coalitions to settle votes in elections - Britain had 2 major parties: the Conservative party and the Liberal Party (replaced by the Labour Party at one point). These two parties voted in elections

How did the rise of Zionism relate to nationalism?

- Jews felt that they should be respected as much as other citizens - This belief led to the rise of Zionism

Describe the government in France during the Second Empire

- Napoleon III was the leader of France - Ran similarly to a constitutional monarchy, but Napoleon acted like a dictator most of his reign

How did the Paris Commune and the Dreyfus affair heighten divisions in France?

- Paris Commune: Some citizens of France disliked the republic, but rebels formed the Paris Commune to defend the republic. Created divisions between the people of France - Dreyfus affairs: Anti-Semitism was growing in France again, and a division between Jewish supporters and anti-Semitists formed

What factors led the United States to become one of the leaders in industrial and agricultural production after the Civil War?

- Politcal stability - Private property rights - Free enterprise system - Inexpensive supply of land and labor - Growing network of communications and transportation

How did the prestige of Queen Victoria relate to nationalism?

- Queen Victoria became a revered symbol of family values in Britain and emphasized ideals of honesty, thrift, respectability, hard work, and duty - Victoria gave British citizens a sense of nationalism and pride in their monarch

How did the revolt of the Paris Commune relate to nationalism?

- Rebels formed the Paris Commune to protect the republic - They took pride in their government and didn't want anyone to destroy it

How did the Reform Act of 1832 change Parliament?

- Redistributed seats in the House of Commons - Eliminated rotten boroughs - Extended suffrage It gave more people a say in Parliament and changed the members of the house.

What middle-class values are associated with the Victorian Age?

- Respectability, thrift, duty, honesty, and hard work. - Victoria symbolized family values as well.

What actions did women suffragists take to achieve their goals? How did the views of women differ regarding tactics?

- Some suffragists like Emmeline Pankhurst used violent means to gain suffrage for women (smashed windows and destroyed property) - Some women wanted to use violent means to get suffrage, but others didn't want to cause harm.

Describe two ways democracy expanded in the US

1. Abolition movement: Americans like William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass called for an end to slavery, thus giving African Americans more rights and eventually the right to vote. 2. Women's Rights Movement: Women like Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Lady Stanton worked for women's rights and suffrage, giving women a greater say in the government.

Describe 3-4 reforms that helped the British working class

1. Children and women were limited to a 10-hour work day 2. Miners could not employ women or children under 10 3. Wages and work hours were regulated 4. Disraeli and the Conservatives pushed for improved working conditions as well

Describe two reforms enacted in France in the early 1900s

1. France passed laws that regulated hours, wages, and safety conditions for workers 2. France set up a system of free public elementary schools that reduced the power of the Roman Catholic Church

List two goals of the Progressives in the United States in the early 1900s.

1. Gain women's suffrage/give voters more power 2. Ban child labor

What specific reforms did France achieve during the 1800s? Focus on 1. suffrage, 2. natural rights, 3. government, and 4. workers' rights.

1. Suffrage: - Jeanne-Elizabeth Schmahl founded the French Union for Women's Suffrage and fought for women's suffrage 2. Natural rights: - Theodor Herzl called for Jews to create a separate state in the ancient homeland in order to give natural rights to Jewish citizens (Zionism). 3. Government: - Napoleon III created the Second Empire which ran similarly to a constitutional monarchy - The Third Republic replaced the Second Empire and was a bicameral legislature - Parties formed coalitions to settle voting during elections - Rebels set up the Paris Commune to defend the republic

What specific reforms did the US achieve during the 1800s? Focus on 1. suffrage, 2. natural rights, 3. government, and 4. workers' rights.

1. Suffrage: - Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Lady Stanton pushed for women's suffrage - Progressives pushed for women's suffrage - African American men gained suffrage through the 15th Amendment 2. Natural Rights: - Members of the women's rights movement wanted equal rights for women - African Americans were free from slavery after the Emancipation Proclamation 3. Government: - African Americans gained suffrage through the 15th amendment and got a bigger say in the government - Women fought for a bigger say and eventually gained suffrage in 1920. 4. Workers' rights - Labor unions liked the American Federation of Labor pushed for better wages, hours, and working conditions

What specific reforms did Britain achieve during the 1800s? Focus on 1. suffrage, 2. natural rights, 3. government, and 4. workers' rights.

1. Suffrage: - Reform Bill of 1867: Gave suffrage to working class men - Chartists demanded universal male suffrage - Emmeline Pankhurst and other suffragists fought for women's suffrage 2: Natural rights - Chartists pushed for a secret ballot - William Wilberforce led the abolition movement and pushed for natural rights for black citizens 3: Government - Disraeli forged the Tories into the Conservative party and Gladstone forged the Whigs into the Liberal Party - Britain transformed into a Parliament democracy - Reform Act of 1832 redistributed seats in the House of Commons, extended suffrage, and eliminated rotten boroughs 4. Workers' rights - Parliament passed laws that regulated wages - 1842: Miners could not employ women or children under 10. - 1847: Law limited women and children to 10 hour work days - Government regulated safety conditions - Minimum wages and maximum hours were set - Fabian Society pushed for working class reforms along with the Labour Party

What reforms did the Liberal and Conservative parties achieve?

Liberal - Gave suffrage to male farmers (almost achieved universal male suffrage) - Approved a secret ballot and other Chartist reforms Conservative - Reform Act of 1832 - Doubled the size of the electorate by giving suffrage to working class men (Reform Bill of 1867)

Identify and explain the goals of the alliances that were formed in France during the Dreyfus affairs

Liberals and Republicans joined together to defend Dreyfus. The upheld ideals of justice and equality and claimed the government was hiding the truth from the public

Why did the opponents of the Corn Laws in Britain favor free trade?

They agreed with Adam Smith's laissez-faire economics policy and believed the government should leave the market alone to let it regulate itself.