History Chapter 17-18
17. The First Foreign War
"A Splendid Little War", The Debate over American Imperialism, American-Spanish War (1998-1999)
17. What were the origins and significance of Populism?
-Aimed to reverse declining economic prospects and rescue government from powerful corporate interests -Originated with Farmer's Alliance (People's/Populist Party)
17. Focus Question: In what ways did the boundaries of American freedom grow narrower in this period?
-these racial restrictions applied to non-white immigrants as well-> Immigration Restriction League -women ironically experienced more opportunities than before-> women's era
17. Farmer's Alliance:
1876-1886, South and Southwest, 3 million members in 1890
The "living wage" and the "American standard of living" were an outgrowth of what?
A mature consumer economy.
18 FQ: How did the labor and women's movements expand the meanings of American freedom?
A woman's opportunity in the workplace greatly expanded, as they woman could now work for wages, make a career, or choose from a plethora of careers.
Which of the following was the reason for U.S. control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines?
Control of strategic gateways from which to project American naval and commercial power.
What did the term "white man's burden" mean?
Domination of non-whites by white people was necessary for the progress of civilization.
17. Women's Movements
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony. Movements for women's suffrage
How did mass consumption in the Progressive era result in new consumer freedoms?
Farmers in the heartland had more time and money to attend nickelodeon shows. Department stores provided city residents access to electric washing machines and vacuum cleaners.
17. Focus Question: How did the liberties of blacks after 1877 give way to legal segregation across the South?
In order to remove the liberties given to the blacks. the whites had to remove everything that was done in the Reconstruction Era.
Why did the South fail to attract significant economic development in the wake of Reconstruction?
Investors came to the South for cheap labor and low taxes, so they made few capital investments in the region.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the significance of the 1892 strike in Homestead, Pennsylvania?
It demonstrated the enormous power of large corporations and reflected the belief of many working Americans that they were being denied economic independence and self-governance.
17. Focus Question: How did the United States emerge as an imperial power in the 1890s?
Land Acquisition and War.
With the Redeemers in power in the South:
Louisiana became the only state in the Union where white illiteracy rates actually increased.
17. People's (Populist) Party
National Farmers' Alliance, Knights of Labors, etc. in the election of 1892, Government regulations, Graduated income taxes, Agricultural subsidies
How did "nickelodeons" reflect a mass consumption society in the Progressive era?
Nickelodeons offered a popular and less-expensive leisure activity for urban residents.
18 FQ: How did the Progressive presidents foster the rise of the nation-state?
Progressive Era Presidents differed in their approach to achieving the same goals. Roosevelt believed in American imperialism through military action, Taft believed in it through economic power (Dollar Diplomacy),
18 FQ: In what ways did Progressivism include both democratic and antidemocratic impulses?
Progressives were trying to restrict who could participate in American democracy, while democratizing America even more for those included.
What were the characteristics of the Progressive era's birth-control movement?
Public lectures on sexual freedom and contraception by activists such as Emma Goldman.
Why did workers experience the introduction of scientific management as a loss of freedom?
Skilled workers under scientific management had to obey very detailed instructions.
18 FQ: Why was the city such a central element in Progressive America
The city was a central element because it opened up a new opportunity for immigrants and people in the U.S for new jobs
Why were many Americans drawn to the Socialist Party in the election of 1912?
The party's proposal to nationalize railroads, banks, and to provide unemployment relief expressed popular progressive thought.
How did Populists hope to guarantee farmers inexpensive access to markets for their crops?
They called for public ownership of the railroads.
How did black women challenge the racial ideology of the Jim Crow South?
They insisted on the equal respectability of black women by working for "racial uplift."
Why did businesses support the Pure Food and Drug Act?
They understood that they were liable if they injured the health of consumers with spoiled products.
Which of the following contradictions plagued progressive reformers' ideas on the political process?
They worked both to expand the electorate and shrink its size through other measures.
How were federal troops used in the Pullman Strike of 1894?
To help suppress the strikers on behalf of the owners.
Why was "the city" the focus of progressive politics?
Urban populations experienced the most dramatic growth and the most significant changes.
What about Woodrow Wilson appeared to Theodore Roosevelt's supporters like a relic of the past?
Wilson was committed to programs that aided small businessmen and seemed to deny the inevitability of economic concentration.
The ascendancy of the American Federation of Labor during the 1890s reflected:
a shift from broad reform goals to more limited goals.
Electoral reform during the Progressive era:
actually limited many Americans' right to vote.
Republican presidential candidate William McKinley:
argued in favor of the gold standard.
In the 1890s, the National American Woman Suffrage Association:
argued that native-born white women's votes would counteract the "ignorant foreign vote."
The word "Progressivism" came into common use around 1910:
as a way of describing a loosely defined political movement.
The Sixteenth Amendment:
authorized Congress to implement a graduated income tax.
The 1894 Pullman Strike:
crippled national rail service and triggered the arrest of union president, Eugene V. Debs.
In his Atlanta speech of 1895, Booker T. Washington:
encouraged blacks to adjust to segregation.
Most new immigrants who arrived during the early years of the twentieth century:
generally earned lower wages in America than in their former homelands.
During the Progressive era:
growing numbers of native-born white women worked in offices.
"New immigrants":
in contrast to "old immigrants," did not arouse the ire of nativists, who saw these newcomers as more willing to work.
The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU):
moved from demanding prohibition to pushing for women's suffrage.
Newspaper and magazine writers who exposed the ills of industrial and urban life, fueling the Progressive movement, were known as:
muckrakers.
Progressive governor of Wisconsin, Robert La Follette, instituted all of the following reforms EXCEPT:
promising lower taxes and less government interference.
The Farmer's Alliance hoped to improve American farmers' economic stress by:
proposing the creation of government-sponsored crop warehouses.
Feminism:
sought to attack the traditional roles of sexual behavior for women.
The "Kansas Exodus" meant all of the following EXCEPT:
the eventual return of most black migrants to the South.
The Immigration Restriction League:
wanted to bar immigrants who were illiterate.
The Philippine War:
was far longer and bloodier than the Spanish-American War.
American expansionism after the 1890s:
was largely driven by the desire for expanded overseas trade.
The battle for free speech among workers in the early twentieth century:
was led by the Industrial Workers of the World.
After 1900, the campaign for women's suffrage:
was most successful in the Northeast.
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882:
was the first time race was used to exclude an entire group of people from entering the United States.
By the end of the nineteenth century, African-American men in the South:
were forced out of politics and passed leadership to female African-American activists.
Americans have referred to the 1890s as the women's era because:
women's economic opportunities and roles in public life expanded.