History Civil War and Reconstruction. Test on Tuesday December 5th

What was President Lincoln's plan.

Lincoln's plan was known as the 10% plan. 10% of a state's voters must pledge loyalty/allegiance to the US/Union. A state would then be able to form a new state government and gain representation in Congress.

What did the 14th Amendment do?

Made "All persons born or naturalized in the US" citizens of the country. All were entitled to equal protection of the law and no state could deprive any person of life liberty or property without due process of the law.

Describe sharecroppers.

A farmer who participated in a system of sharecropping in which land owners give farm works land seed and tool in turn for a part of crops they raise.

Describe tenant farmers.

A farmer who participated in a system of which farm workers use their own tools and rent farmland for cash

The President of the North was______

Abraham Lincoln

Which group of voters helped Ulysses S. Grant win the presidency?

African Americans

The battle of the ____ was famous because for being the worst day in the war for battle deaths. Over 23,000 men died that day

Antietam

The first major battle of the war (and the first northern defeat) was the ____, just outside of Washington DC. This battle showed the North that the war could not be a fast one, and that it would be very costly.

Battle of Bull Run

Both the North and South developed _______ ships. The south developed the _______ and converted sailing ship, to smash through the northern blockade of wooden sailing ships. The north created ______ a small shallow ironclad ship. The two fought a 4 hour battle. the ______ ran aground, and the _______ sailed away to victory.

Both the North and South developed ___Ironclad____ ships. The south developed the ___Merrimack____ and converted sailing ship, to smash through the northern blockade of wooden sailing ships. The north created ____Monitor__ a small shallow ironclad ship. The two fought a 4 hour battle. the ___Merrimack___ ran aground, and the ____Monitor___ sailed away to victory.

During the Civil War African American Solndierswho fought got the nickname "_________". They fought in several major Civil War battles and later out west against Native Americans

Buffalo Soldiers

The ____ were democrats who wanted to end the war no matter what

Coper

Who were "White Redeemers"?

Democrats who aimed to put an end to Reconstruction

The hunt for the President's killer was odd. He was trapped in a barn in the country, shot, and burned alive when he refused to surrender. His 2 accomplices were caught, tried for treason, and hung. His land lady, and the doctor who put his leg in a cast were also convicted. She was _____________________, while he was sent to life in the secluded Fort Jefferson in the Florida Keys. This was the sad end to a sad time in American History.

Executed

What did the 15th Amendment do?

Gave African Americans voting rights

The North's plan for the war was called the "_____________ Plan" because they wanted to strangle the South by cutting off its food and wartime supplies, encircling it like a snake.

General Scott's Anaconda Plan

As the war was winding down, there was a president election in 1864. Presidential Lincoln had to run against one of his formal generals ______. He was a democrat. Lincoln won easily.

George Mcclellan

The battle of _____, Pennsylvania was important since it was the furtherest North the confederates got during the war. At the end of this battle, the south knew it would not win the war.

Gettysburg

Why was the Ku Klux Klan and the White League founded?

Group made to restore white supremacy

What was Andrew Johnson's plan?

He declared that each remaining confederate state (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas could be readmitted to the union if they met several conditions. Each state would have to withdraw its succession to the union, swear allegiance to the union, annual confederate war debts, and ratify the 13th amendment (abolished slavery).

Advantages and Disadvantages of the North and the South. Industry- Weapons- Leadership- Food- Railroads- Population-

Industry- North had more weapons. South had the most industries Weapons- North had way more weapons and the ability to make them and to get new guns. South was at a disadvantage because the North had more weapons and knew how to use them. Leadership-North Abraham Lincoln. South had better military leaders. Food-North had more food. South had more cotton. Railroads-North had lots of RR to transport troops. South has less railroads. Population-North had more people. South has less people and had to import.

The President of the South was___

Jefferson Davis

Why did the House initiate impeachment proceedings against President Johnson? What "law" did he violate?

Johnson removed military officers who attempted to enforce the reconstitution act. "Tenure of office act"- a president could not remove cabinet officers during the term of president by whom they have been appointed without the consent of senate.

Why did Congressmen reject the newly elected representatives from the South after the Civil War?

Johnson wanted to harshly deal with confederate leaders, white southerners considered him a traitor.

Who were carpetbaggers?

Northerners who moved to the south after the Civil War

What were the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871? (your book calls them "Enforcement Acts")

One act provided for the federal supervision of elections in the southern states. Another act gave the president the power to use federal troops on areas where the Klan was active. They were acts to try and protect people from the KKK

What problems ensued with Sherman's "40 acres and a mule policy"?

People reclaimed their land back after the slaves did what they were told. They were given new land but the land was swampy and unsuitable for arming.

Why did southern states reject the 14th Amendment?

President Johnson believed that the amendment treated former confederate leaders too harshly and it was wrong to force states to accept and amendment that their legislators had no part in drafting.

Wade-Davis Bill of 1864

Proposed that congress, not the president, be responsible for reconstruction. Also declared that a state government is to be formed by a majority and not just 10% of voters. Lincoln used a pocket veto to kill the wade davis bill

The South's main general was

Robert Lee

What was the Freedmen's Bureau?

The Freedman's Bureau assisted former slaves and poor whites in the south by distributing clothing and food. It set up more than 40 hospitals, about 4,000 schools, 61 industrial institutes, and 74 teacher-training centers.

Who was Hiram Revels?

The first African American senator

How was the transformation from slavery to freedom for blacks in the South difficult?

The transformation was difficult because they were not sure what they could do. New freedom was kind of scary. Also, they had no means to getting anywhere or knowing what to do. They had to travel far to be reunited with their families, they had no education to do anything.

How did freed African-Americans try to improve their lives?

They educated themselves

What is legacy of Reconstruction? Was it a success?

They made many attempts to help former slaves, but were unsuccessful due to several mistakes. Was not a complete failure because the 13th amendment abolished slavery.

What did Congress plan to do in 1866 with the Freedman's Bureau?

They planned to continue and enlarge the Freedman's Bureau. The Freedman's Bureau assisted former slaves and poor whites in the south by distributing clothing and food. It set up more than 40 hospitals, about 4,000 schools, 61 industrial institutes, and 74 teacher-training centers.

At the end of the Civil War with slavery now abolished, southern states passed black codes. What did they do?

They were discriminatory laws passed post-Civil War. Severely restricted African American's lives. Prohibited activities like traveling without a permit, caring weapons, serving on juries, testifying against whites, and marrying whites.

Why were northerners willing to give up on Reconstruction?

They were weary of "negro question" and sick of "carpetbag" and shifted their attention to other national concerns.

What happened in the Election of 1876?

Tilden won the popular vote, but was short one electoral vote to win. The commission was republican, so Hayes won (even though he had the minority).

The North went through several head Generals, but the main General was

Ulysses S. Grant

What was the Compromise of 1877?

When democrats agreed to accept Hayes as president even though he did not win the popular vote.

Who were scalawags?

White southerners who joined the republican party after the Civil War

In 1863 Abraham Lincoln issued the _________ which "freed the slaves in the south". It was a generally symbolic gesture since the south did not consider him their president.

_Emancipation Proclamation__

President and Mrs. Lincoln decided to take a break and relax at _______. An actor named _______ broke into the presidents box and shoot Lincoln. Lincoln was carried next door by 5 doctors, but died from his wounds early the next morning.

_Ford's Theater_ _John Wilkies Booth_

On April 9th, 1865 ____ and ____ met at ____ courthouse in VA. They signed the formal surrender papers. The war was over.

_Grant_ _Lee_ _Appomattox_

General _____ took over the war because he had done so well in the Southern city of ____. The south had established trenches along the city, and a fort overlooking the Mississippi river. Grant starved the city, bombed the city and eventually drove the confederate forces to surrender.

_Grant_. _Vicksburg_.

During the war the ____ started forcing men to fight in the army. This is called a ____. Young men must register for the draft today, although the US has not called for the troops since the Vietnam War ended.

_North._ _Selective service._

One of Grants first orders was to General _____. He ordered the General to invade the south through Chattanooga TN and crush the economic heart of the the Confederacy, the city of _____. The general burned atlanta, then headed for savannah, burning, looting, and destroying along the way. The is sometimes referred to as " ________to the sea"

_Sherman_ _Atlanta_ _March to the sea_