History Exam: Ch. 6- Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment The statements below best describe which period? * Captionless Image

developed the first vaccine for small pox

Edward Jenner

-Which of the following was NOT a result of the Enlightenment:*

Monarchies were given longer terms

Wrote On the Structure of the Human Body by being one of the first people to dissect human corpses

Andreas Vesalius

inspired by Montesquieu; the Constitution established three separate branches of government--legislative, executive and judicial, with each branch checking the power of the other two

Checks and balances

issued by the Second Continental Congress in July of 1776 and written by Thomas Jefferson; it lists the natural rights of men, the British wrongs, and declares the colonies the independent United States of America--it is firmly based on the ideas of John Locke and the Enlightenment

Declaration of Independence

Before Copernicus introduced his theory, what was the accepted view of the Universe?

Earth was the center of the universe and the Sun spun around the Earth

absolute monarchs who embraced the new ideas and attempted to make reforms that reflected the Enlightenment

Enlightened despot

a new intellectual movement that stressed reason, thought and the power of individuals to solve problems

Enlightenment

What is Locke's definition of social contract theory?

If natural rights are violated, then people have the right to overthrow the government

What is Hobbes's definition of social contract theory?

In order to receive law and order, people must hand over rights to a strong ruler

Invented calculus and known for his law of gravity and motion

Isaac Newton

Which of the following best explain why the development of the scientific method is significant?

It is a moment when scientists start trusting more in methods of observation and experimentation and abandoning teachings of ancient authorities and the Church.

Women's contributions to the Enlightenment including all of the following except:

running for office

Which of the following is true of the baroque style of art?

It tended to be ornate, high detailed, and rich in color.

The statement below illustrating his view on The Social Contract was stated by: "Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains."

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Wrote "The Two Treatises on Government", and believed that the people are rational and can govern themselves

John Locke

One goal of the Enlightenment writers was to

Limit the government from interfering with the rights of the people

This graphic demonstrates what Enlightenment principle, developed by whom? (Legislative, executive, and judicial branches)

The separation of powers; Montesquieu

What did Enlightenment secularism support?

separation of church and state

-The final authorities of knowledge prior to the revelations provided by the Scientific Revolution

Catholic Church and Greek or Roman Philosophers

Which of the following is most significant about the Constitution and the Bill of Rights?

Put enlightenment ideals into practice

Enlightenment ideas helped cause the:

American Revolution

Prolific writer who fought for tolerance, freedom of speech and used satire to attack the Catholic Church

Voltaire

believed the accused have right to a fair trial and supported the abolishment of torture and capital punishment

Beccaria

the result of a compromise between Federalists and Antifederalists; the first ten amendments to the constitution, all of which reflect the influence of Enlightenment philosophers

Bill of Rights

How were Thomas Hobbes and Catherine the Great similar?

Both believed that a monarch should have absolute authority

What was the name of the philosopher who compiled the writings from many different philosophers and published them in the book titled Encyclopedia?

Diderot

-During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, many scientists and philosophers works:

Examined natural laws governing the universe

form of government in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Federal system

Enlightened despot who ruled Prussia from 1740-1786 and granted religious freedom, reduced censorships, and improved education

Frederick the Great

The quote above illustrates which of the following concepts: "I may not agree with what yoy have to say, but I will defend to the death for your right to sayit."

Freedom of Speech

invented the telescope, becoming the first to see the landscape of the moon in relative detail, and supported Copernicus's heliocentric theory.

Galileo Galilei

theory that the earth is the center of the universe

Geocentric theory

This statement expresses the views of: "I think that people can't be trusted. They need to be controlled in order for society to work well."

Hobbes

What is Rousseau's definition of social contract theory?

Government is an agreement among free individuals to create a society and a government

theory that the sun was the center of the universe

Heliocentric theory

-What did John Locke and Thomas Jefferson believe the people should do if their government did not protect their natural rights?*

Overthrow their government

A group of French philosophers who publicized and popularized the ideas of the Enlightenment

Philosophe

developed analytical geometry, believed everything should be doubted until proved by reason. The only thing he knew for certain was that he existed. Modern scientific methods are based on his and Francis Bacon's ideas.

Rene Descartes

Father of Modern Chemistry

Robert Boyle

regularly held social gathering held by women in Paris, here the philosophers, writers, artists, and scientists met and discussed ideas

Salon

The Enlightenment took influence from the:*

Scientific Revolution

The statements below best describe which period?*

Scientific Revolution

a new way of thinking about the natural world; a way that was based upon careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs

Scientific Revolution

a new approach to science developed by Sir Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes, a logical procedure for gathering information and testing ideas; it has four steps 1) problem or observation 2) hypothesis 3) experiment 4) conclusion

Scientific method

An agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed

Social contract

-Which of the following would most likely agree with the form of government supported by Louis XIV? "I am the state"

Thomas Hobbes

Which country can best argue that it was basically born out of rationalist thought in the Enlightenment era?

United States

What are the similarities between the U.S. Bill of Rights and the English Bill of Rights?

both sought to protect individual liberties such as freedom of speech and to limit the powers of the government.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke both agreed that a government should be based on the....

consent of the governed

Galileo Galilei was forced by the Catholic Inquisition to deny his view that _______

the earth revolves around the sun