history exam study guide

***A result of the Tea Act of 1773 was that colonial merchants could not sell their tea. began to smuggle tea. tried to get the colonies to grow tea. asked the king to take action.

could not sell their tea.

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814 was a turning point in the War of 1812 because American Indian power in the region greatly decreased following the fight. the American Indians were able to overtake General Jackson's forces. British forces joined forces with the Creek Indians during the fight. it ended the alliance between the British and the American Indians.

American Indian power in the region greatly decreased following the fight.

Which colonial leader helped form a Franco-American alliance in 1778? General Burgoyne John Adams Benjamin Franklin General Washington

Benjamin Franklin

Which best compares Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson? Both Clay and Jackson belonged to the Democratic Party. Both Clay and Jackson belonged to the Whig Party. Both Clay and Jackson served in public office in the 1800s. Both Clay and Jackson promoted the American System.

Both Clay and Jackson served in public office in the 1800s.

Which best describes the Boston Tea Party of 1773? American Indians boarded ships in Boston Harbor and dumped a shipment of tea into the water. Colonists in disguise boarded ships in Boston Harbor and dumped a shipment of tea in the water. The British dumped tea in Boston Harbor after colonists boycotted a shipment of tea, refusing to buy it. Colonists met in Boston's Old South Meeting House to discuss how to smuggle tea into the colonies.

Colonists in disguise boarded ships in Boston Harbor and dumped a shipment of tea in the water.

Which of the following best explains why Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766? Parliament agreed with the American colonists that the act was unfair. Colonial legislators were threatening to impose their own taxes. Colonists' boycotts of British goods were hurting British trade. The British passed the Declaratory Act, which replaced it with a heavier tax.

Colonists' boycotts of British goods were hurting British trade.

The Supreme Court ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland defined the powers of which area of government? the executive branch Congress the national bank local government

Congress

Who decided the 1824 presidential election, and why? Voters decided it with a second vote because the first election resulted in a four-way tie. Congress decided it because none of the four candidates received a majority of the votes in the election. Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams agreed to serve as president and vice president, respectively, because Jackson received the most votes. John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson agreed to serve as president and vice president, respectively, because Adams received the most votes.

Congress decided it because none of the four candidates received a majority of the votes in the election.

What reform to voting procedures followed the Panic of 1819? Conventions to nominate candidates were no longer public. There were fewer polling places, and they closed earlier. Electors were decided by the popular vote of citizens. Members of Congress began to choose the Electoral College.

Electors were decided by the popular vote of citizens.

The Constitutional Convention created a House of Representatives as a part of the Great Compromise. Three-Fifths Compromise. Unicameral Compromise. Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise.

Great Compromise.

How did King George III react to the Olive Branch Petition sent by the Second Continental Congress? He considered it carefully and agreed with it. He asked colonists to be more specific about problems. He changed the policies the colonists complained about. He declared the colonies to be in rebellion.

He declared the colonies to be in rebellion.

Which best states George Washington's connection to the 1787 Constitutional Convention? He was an honorary delegate because he had led the Continental army. He delivered the new Constitution to Great Britain as an ambassador. He led the Constitutional Convention because he was respected throughout the nation. He led the Constitutional Convention because he was known for his wisdom and humor.

He led the Constitutional Convention because he was respected throughout the nation.

In England, a King . . . [is] allowed eight hundred thousand sterling a year . . . and worshipped into the bargain! Of more worth is one honest man to society . . . than all the crowned ruffians that ever lived. —Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 Based on the quotation, what does Paine think about the monarchy in England? He thinks kings get too much money and do harm to the country. He thinks kings have a right to rule the country, but do not do a good job. He thinks kings should be allowed to make important decisions. He thinks kings should be worshipped only by members of their church.

He thinks kings get too much money and do harm to the country.

Which best describes Jefferson's response to the handling of the Whiskey Rebellion? He thought the government's military action was a mistake. He supported the use of the military to enforce tax laws. He disliked the government's action but felt it was necessary. He believed that whiskey producers had abused their power.

He thought the government's military action was a mistake.

In contrast with earlier waves of immigration, many immigrants in the first half of the 1800s came from Africa. Britain. France. Ireland.

Ireland

How did the idea of True Womanhood affect the role of women in society in the 1800s? It enabled women to get an education and compete for jobs. It gave women increased freedom to get involved in politics. It created educational and career barriers for women. It opened up employment opportunities for women.

It created educational and career barriers for women.

How did the Oneida community in New York reflect American life in the 1800s? It reflected some Americans' desire to find better, more moral ways to live. It reflected the religious fervor and rise of revivalism during that era. It reflect the desire for better working conditions as part of the reform movement. It reflected an interest in improving behavior and worked to make people see the evils of drinking alcohol.

It reflected some Americans' desire to find better, more moral ways to live.

What did the Monroe Doctrine declare about the United States? It would oppose European attempts to colonize nations. It would encourage European attempts to colonize nations. It would take control of existing European colonies. It would interfere in European conflicts.

It would oppose European attempts to colonize nations.

What set Andrew Jackson's presidency apart from previous administrations? Jackson let Congress take the lead in policy-making, deciding later which actions to support and which to veto. Jackson always consulted with Congress first before working toward policy-making. Jackson assumed command of the policy-making process instead of waiting for Congress to take the lead. Jackson battled Congress for the lead in policy-making, resulting in very little being done during his first term.

Jackson assumed command of the policy-making process instead of waiting for Congress to take the lead.

Which Anti-Federalist later became president of the United States? Patrick Henry Samuel Adams James Monroe George Mason

James Monroe

How did George Washington and Thomas Jefferson react to the violence and chaos in France in the late 1700s? Both saw it as a necessary response to the privileges of royalty and aristocrats. Both believed that France should settle its internal problems without outside intervention. Washington felt that Great Britain should try to stop it, but Jefferson felt that it would end on its own. Jefferson felt that Great Britain should try to stop it, but Washington felt that it would end on its own.

Jefferson felt that Great Britain should try to stop it, but Washington felt that it would end on its own.

A series of revolutions in the 1810s led to independence for nations in Africa. North America. Europe. Latin America.

Latin America.

In the 1800s, many African Americans underwent religious conversions at traditional Catholic church services. Shaker utopian communities. abolitionist meetings and speeches. Methodist and Baptist revivals.

Methodist and Baptist revivals.

In the 1840s, why did so many German people move to the United States? There was a famine in Germany due to the failure of the potato crop. Political unrest in Germany led to the desire for more freedom. Several religious groups suffered persecution in Germany. War drove many German refugees from their homes.

Political unrest in Germany led to the desire for more freedom.

How did the Jay Treaty of 1794 create division within the United States? Pro-British Americans were angered that the US government agreed to trade with Britain. Pro-French Americans were angered that the US government agreed to trade with Britain. Pro-British Americans were angered that the US government chose to remain neutral. Pro-French Americans were angered that the US government agreed to trade with France.

Pro-French Americans were angered that the US government agreed to trade with Britain.

***Why did Southern and Northern delegates disagree over whether the new Congress should have the commerce power? Northerners feared it would lead to expanded slavery. Northerners feared it would lead to the end of slavery. Southerners feared it would lead to the end of slavery. Southerners feared it would lead to slavery in the North.

Southerners feared it would lead to the end of slavery.

What is the main reason southerners might have supported Henry Clay's American System? The American System promised to help their industries obtain raw materials. The American System promised to improve overseas trade with Europe. The American System promised to help transport crops to northern markets. The American System promised to benefit the southern economy the most.

The American System promised to help transport crops to northern markets.

What did both Shays's Rebellion and the Pennsylvania Mutiny cause Americans to realize about the Articles of Confederation? The Articles of Confederation needed to better control citizen rebellions. The Articles of Confederation needed to establish stronger state legislatures. The Articles of Confederation did not provide for a strong enough national government. The Articles of Confederation did not provide farmers and soldiers with enough money.

The Articles of Confederation did not provide for a strong enough national government.

What happened at Concord in April of 1775? The British retreated from the fierce fighting of the minutemen. The British captured all of the colonists' ammunition. The minutemen retreated from the fierce fighting of the British. The minutemen went into hiding after British troops arrived.

The British retreated from the fierce fighting of the minutemen.

The Civil War did not need to happen. Countless lives were lost and government legislation could have resolved the issue of slavery, therefore, keeping the Union together. Which statement best serves as a counterargument? The Civil War was fought over the issue of whether a state could secede from the Union over the issue of slavery. The Civil War was long and bloody, but it was necessary to keep the Union together. The Civil War kept the Union together. The Civil War was justified because states have the right to rule themselves.

The Civil War was long and bloody, but it was necessary to keep the Union together.

***Under the Land Ordinance of 1785, what had to happen before public lands could be sold? They had to be free of American Indians. They had to be surveyed and divided. They had to be free of enslaved people. They had to have a school established.

They had to be surveyed and divided.

Which was a belief of the early Federalist Party? The United States should become allies with France. The United States should have a small federal government. The United States should not have a national bank. The United States should not take sides in foreign wars.

The United States should not take sides in foreign wars.

Many new immigrants arrived in US cities in the first half of the 1800s. What was the main cause of the problems they encountered? The cities were unprepared for so many new inhabitants. All of the available jobs required workers to have certain skills. Immigrants were persecuted for their political beliefs. They faced competition from the millions of other new immigrants.

The cities were unprepared for so many new inhabitants.

What happened at the Siege of Boston in 1775? The British tried to capture two important hills. The Continental army fought on the side of the British. The British closed the port of Boston. The colonists tried to take the city back from the British.

The colonists tried to take the city back from the British.

Read the excerpt from Article V of the Constitution below. The Congress . . . shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or . . . shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States. Based on the excerpt, which of the following best describes the process of amending the Constitution? The process of amending the Constitution is difficult, and it happens rarely. The process of amending the Constitution is easy, and it happens often. The process of amending the Constitution is difficult, but it happens often. The process of amending the Constitution is easy, but it happens rarely.

The process of amending the Constitution is difficult, and it happens rarely.

Which statement is most likely an interpretation of the Second Amendment? No one should be able to own or use a gun. Only local governments can pass gun laws. Bearing arms is only for the purpose of hunting. There should be no limits on owning and using guns.

There should be no limits on owning and using guns.

How did Great Britain and France place the new United States in the middle of their conflict? They pressured the United States to take sides. They pressured the United States to solve their conflicts. They wanted the United States to lend them its cabinet leaders. They wanted the United States to remain neutral.

They pressured the United States to take sides.

Which best states how Southern voters managed to secure a Southern capital? They voted against Hamilton's debt plan. They voted for Hamilton's debt plan. They forced Hamilton to abandon his debt plan. They agreed to pay the United States' debts.

They voted for Hamilton's debt plan.

Which best explains why settlers in the Northwest Territory chose to be near lakes and rivers in the late 1700s? They hoped the waterways would provide a route across the continent to the Pacific. They wanted to harness the power of the waterways to build new factories. They wanted to use the waterways to transport goods and crops to distant markets. They planned to use these waterways to help defend their properties from attack.

They wanted to use the waterways to transport goods and crops to distant markets.

Which author of the Declaration of Independence disagreed with many of Alexander Hamilton's ideas? Thomas Jefferson John Adams Benjamin Franklin George Washington

Thomas Jefferson

Which location served as the headquarters for General Washington's troops during the winter of 1777-1778? Long Island, New York Valley Forge, Pennsylvania Fort Lee, New Jersey Harlem Heights, New York

Valley Forge, Pennsylvania

National parks are very influential role in the economy of the United States because they encourage tourism and create job opportunities. Which of the following is a counterclaim that the essay's writer might address? When national parks have too many visitors, it can cause the destruction of natural and cultural places. Visitors need a variety of services, which creates jobs for local residents that live nearby national parks. When national parks were created, it was to protect natural and cultural places. Visitors need to understand how to throw away their trash when visiting national parks.

When national parks have too many visitors, it can cause the destruction of natural and cultural places.

Which of the following best describes a compelling argumentative essay? a clear thesis, a detailed outline, and a strong conclusion a clear thesis, sound arguments and counterarguments, and a strong conclusion a clear thesis, a short outline, and a strong conclusion a clear thesis, sound arguments, and a strong conclusion

a clear thesis, sound arguments and counterarguments, and a strong conclusion

The US presidential election of 1828 was a close win for Andrew Jackson. a close win for John Quincy Adams. a landslide win for Andrew Jackson. a landslide win for John Quincy Adams.

a landslide win for Andrew Jackson.

To protect individual rights, the Anti-Federalists wanted to rewrite the Constitution. ratify the Constitution. add a bill of rights to the Constitution. remove amendments to the Constitution.

add a bill of rights to the Constitution.

After the election of 1824, Andrew Jackson viewed John Quincy Adams as a patriot who relied on the political support of average citizens. an aristocrat who used his connections to gain political support. an honest Republican who dealt fairly with other politicians. a dishonest Democrat who dealt unfairly with other politicians.

an aristocrat who used his connections to gain political support.

A reason the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were written in secret was that the authors were afraid the resolutions could be used against them in the next election. documents would anger lawmakers in the authors' home states. authors were afraid of being imprisoned as enemy aliens. authors' criticisms were illegal under the Sedition Act.

authors' criticisms were illegal under the Sedition Act.

Which were two pull factors that drove many European immigrants to America in both the 1600s and the early 1800s? major famines and poverty available land and economic opportunity religious persecution and unfair treatment available jobs and political problems

available land and economic opportunity

The Anti-Federalists did not want states to ratify the Constitution because it would override the compromises made at the Constitutional Convention. become the law of the land. override all state laws. weaken the federal government.

become the law of the land.

Look at a political cartoon from the 1830s. This cartoon mocked President Andrew Jackson for blocking the renewal of the Second National Bank. preventing the removal of American Indians. establishing the spoils system in government. engaging in friendly relations with the British.

blocking the renewal of the Second National Bank.

How did Great Britain offer to help the US stop other European nations from establishing colonies in the Americas in the early 1800s? by making a joint statement against France by making a joint statement opposing colonization by making a joint statement against Spain by jointly occupying Latin American republics for ten years

by making a joint statement opposing colonization

How did the Continental Congress raise money to go to war with Britain? by printing more currency and taxing colonists by printing less currency and selling war bonds by selling war bonds and printing more currency by selling war bonds and taxing colonists

by selling war bonds and printing more currency

After King George III rejected the Olive Branch Petition, Parliament passed the Prohibitory Act, which closed American ports to overseas trade. addressed the colonists' most significant complaints. called on British forces to attack the colonies. stopped the British Navy from seizing American ships.

closed American ports to overseas trade.

Both state governments and the federal government have the power to negotiate treaties. regulate interstate trade. collect taxes. issue state licenses.

collect taxes.

Which events encouraged France to help ease the hardships endured by the Continental army? colonial victories in Trenton, Princeton, and Saratoga colonial defeats in Long Island and Fort Lee British victories in Trenton, Princeton, and Saratoga British defeats in Long Island and Fort Lee

colonial victories in Trenton, Princeton, and Saratoga

The process of sending a noncitizen out of a country is called alienation. deportation. naturalization. sedition.

deportation.

In the late 1780s, land in the Northwest Territory appealed mostly to slave owners, because regulations were less strict there. explorers, because parts of the country were still unknown. farmers, because there was great potential for growing crops. business owners, because it consisted of urban developments.

farmers, because there was great potential for growing crops.

Which freedoms does the First Amendment include? freedom to bear arms and freedom of speech freedom of assembly and freedom of religion protection against illegal search and seizure protection from illegal harassment

freedom of assembly and freedom of religion

At the end of the American Revolution, Great Britain gave up territory east of the Mississippi River. kept territory east of the Mississippi River. took control of the Mississippi River. denied the colonies their independence.

gave up territory east of the Mississippi River.

Bernardo de Gálvez contributed to the American Revolution by giving colonists access to the port of New Orleans and helping them capture British forts. giving colonists access to French forts and helping them capture Spanish forts. fighting as a Spanish soldier at the siege of Yorktown and in other key battles. fighting as a Continental army general who became a symbol of the colonies' strength.

giving colonists access to the port of New Orleans and helping them capture British forts.

Which does the Ninth Amendment limit? an individual's freedom of speech government power an individual's right to trial due process of law

government power

Thomas Gibbons won the case Gibbons v. Ogden in 1824 because he was doing business in more than one state. held state licenses from more than one state. was trying to reduce air pollution. held a federal license to do business.

held a federal license to do business.

As a response to the National Bank issue during Jackson's presidency, Henry Clay suggested shifting funds to state banks. voiced his support of state banks. called for an end to the bank's charter. helped to organize the Whig Party.

helped to organize the Whig Party.

During the Constitutional Convention, delegates disagreed over whether enslaved people should be freed from plantations in the South. whether enslaved people should have representatives at the proceedings. how enslaved people's votes should be counted when electing representatives. how enslaved people should be counted for purposes of state representation.

how enslaved people should be counted for purposes of state representation.

During the 1800s, reformer Dorothea Dix primarily worked to improve conditions in prisons and hospitals. form labor unions in mills and factories. preach sermons at revival meetings. provide everyone with access to education.

improve conditions in prisons and hospitals.

What agreement did Britain and the United States make in the Treaty of 1818? joint control of the Oregon Country for ten years joint control of West Florida for ten years joint control of fishing rights off Canada for ten years joint control of Latin America

joint control of the Oregon Country for ten years

Which principle was built into the Constitution? unlimited presidential power shared power between states and local governments shared power between people and the states limited government

limited government

As a result of the War of 1812, many American Indian groups made alliances with settlers. lost their land to settlers. continued to fight settlers. worked together with settlers.

lost their land to settlers.

One long-term effect of the Seneca Falls Convention was that it established Lucretia Mott as an activist. made it easier to fight for women's rights. showed that women could protest effectively. helped married women gain special privileges.

made it easier to fight for women's rights.

The election of 1800 marked the first time power remained with the same political party. the incumbent candidate won another term. power shifted from one political party to another. the Electoral College determined the outcome.

power shifted from one political party to another.

At which stage does an argumentative essay's writer create and support a central claim? outlining prewriting revising Drafting

prewriting

Under the Land Ordinance of 1785, which of the following was promoted? public education slavery taxation the development of colonies

public education

An accomplishment of the Lewis and Clark expedition was that it found a water route across the continent. recorded information about nature and geography. forced many native peoples out of US territory. acquired the Louisiana Territory from France.

recorded information about nature and geography.

A reason the Intolerable Acts of 1774 angered colonists was that they added new taxes on colonial goods. prevented all trade in the colonies. required colonists to house British soldiers. kept people from moving to other colonies.

required colonists to house British soldiers.

The main purpose of the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions was to enforce the Alien and Sedition Acts. promote the security of the United States. resist the Alien and Sedition Acts. stop criticism of the government.

resist the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Spain and France desired a colonial victory in the American Revolution because they sought access to the Continental navy. wanted the American colonies for themselves. wanted each other out of the Americas. saw Britain as a rival to be weakened.

saw Britain as a rival to be weakened.

According to Article II of the Constitution, one of the president's duties is to serve as commander in chief. create laws and interpret them. set up and manage the courts. serve in the House and Senate.

serve as commander in chief.

In the 1800s, most states had laws that prevented women from serving on juries. going to college. working in factories. earning money.

serving on juries.

When the Second Continental Congress reviewed the Declaration of Independence, it immediately rejected it. suggested changes to it. asked the writing committee to start over. passed it without making changes.

suggested changes to it.

In addition to influencing the Declaration of Independence, the Virginia Declaration of Rights served as a model for the American Bill of Rights. Common Sense. the English Bill of Rights. the Iroquois Constitution.

the American Bill of Rights.

Which correctly lists Continental Army General Horatio Gates' great victory followed by his great defeat? the Battle of West Point; the Battle of Camden the Battle of West Point; the Battle of Saratoga the Battle of Saratoga; the Battle of Camden the Battle of Yorktown; the Battle of Charlestown

the Battle of Saratoga; the Battle of Camden

American colonists were forced to let British soldiers stay in their homes. This was one of several issues that led to the passage of the Declaratory Act. the Boston Massacre. the Non-Importation Agreement. the Stamp Act

the Boston Massacre.

The Declaration of Sentiments of 1848 was modeled after which of the following? the Declaration of Independence the US Constitution the Declaration of Principles the Bill of Rights

the Declaration of Independence

Which of the following Intolerable Acts related to the housing of British troops? the Boston Port Bill the Administration of Justice Act the Massachusetts Government Act the Quartering Act

the Quartering Act

Which took place during the early 1800s? the First Great Awakening the Second Great Awakening the creation of the Baptist church the creation of Princeton University

the Second Great Awakening

In 1765, Britain's Parliament passed a tax on all colonial newspapers, pamphlets, and other papers. What was this act called? the Declaratory Act the Stamp Act the Sugar Act the Townshend Acts

the Stamp Act

Who can decide whether a law is unconstitutional? the Supreme Court Congress the states the president

the Supreme Court

The McCulloch v. Maryland Supreme Court case firmly established that state governments can overrule the federal government. the federal government cannot tax states. state governments have the same amount of power as federal government. the federal government has more power than state governments.

the federal government has more power than state governments.

What need led to John Deere's 1837 invention? the need to remove cotton seeds from cotton fiber the need to break through the thick soil of the plains the need to transport goods more quickly the need to harvest crops more quickly and easily

the need to break through the thick soil of the plains

Which right is guaranteed by the Seventh Amendment? the right to a jury trial in civil matters that involve over $20 the right to refuse to incriminate oneself in court proceedings the right to legal representation in all court cases the right to due process of law in criminal cases

the right to a jury trial in civil matters that involve over $20

During his presidency, Andrew Jackson successfully established the spoils system. the Federal Reserve. the National Bank. the Whig Party.

the spoils system.

In the 1700s, James Watt caused a revolution in transportation by improving the spinning mill. the steam engine. road construction. railroad cars.

the steam engine.

Early in the War of 1812, the governor of the Michigan territory led an attack on Canada that resulted in a US victory on land. the capture of Montreal. the surrender of Detroit. a US victory in the Battle of Lake Erie.

the surrender of Detroit.

The Articles of Confederation established a Congress within the new nation. What was required in order for this Congress to pass a measure? the votes of nine states the votes of all thirteen states the votes of half the states the votes of three states

the votes of nine states

Why did the Stamp Act Congress meet in 1765? to form a new government for the colonies to approve the taxes imposed by Parliament to discuss how to respond to the new taxes to agree not to import British goods

to discuss how to respond to the new taxes

One of Alexander Hamilton's goals to help US finances was to establish banks in each state. to establish a national bank. to encourage more farming. to borrow money to repay debts.

to establish a national bank.

What was the goal of the Boston Port Bill, one of the Intolerable Acts? to increase activity in Boston Harbor to rebuild Boston Harbor to isolate Boston by closing its harbor to create new taxes for Boston Harbor

to isolate Boston by closing its harbor

Why did Tecumseh bring together many American Indian tribes? to draw the British into battle to distract the Americans from the battle at sea to resist settlement of American Indian lands to negotiate with the French

to resist settlement of American Indian lands

Why did President Jefferson send government officials James Monroe and Robert Livingston overseas in 1803? to negotiate the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from Britain to try to buy New Orleans and West Florida from France to offer to purchase the Caribbean island of Haiti from France to arrange to buy the Northwest Territory from Britain

to try to buy New Orleans and West Florida from France

As coauthors of the "Federalist Papers," Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay all argued for the protection of states' rights. served as presidents of the United States. defended the Bill of Rights. urged ratification of the Constitution.

urged ratification of the Constitution.