history final
What was the name of the Union strategy to control the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy?
Anaconda Plan
Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between the women's movement and women in the workplace?
As more women entered the industrial workforce, more women began to promote better living and working conditions as well as voting rights.
W.E.B. Du Bois was an outspoken critic of whom?
Booker T. Washington
In what ways did cities attempt to solve the problems of crime and fire?
Cities developed professional firefighting and police forces.
What Northern battle is considered to be the turning point of the Civil War?
Gettysburg
How did cities address the problems caused by urban living?
Governments began to offer services such as mass transit and sanitation.
In the presidential campaign of 1896, how did William Jennings Bryan represent the Populist Party's goal of building a broad-based movement?
He toured the country and spoke directly to the people.
Which of the following statements about Woodrow Wilson is true?
He wanted to place strict government controls on corporations.
Which woman founded the National Association of Colored Women to help African American families and those who were less fortunate?
Ida B. Wells
Which of the following was a direct response to the Granger movement?
Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota set maximum rates for shipping and grain storage.
What happened to the South's economy during the Civil War?
It deteriorated.
The Farmers' Alliance did which of the following?
It established postal banks to provide farmers with low-interest loans.
How did the Hepburn Act change the government's role in industry?
It gave the government the power to set and limit shipping costs.
Why was the capture of Vicksburg, Mississippi, by Union troops significant?
It meant that Union troops controlled the Mississippi River ports.
In the early 1800s, how did Congress respond to people's concerns about the environment?
It set aside protected land.
How did the South keep railroad construction costs down?
It used prison labor and lobbied the federal government.
What was the significance of the Interstate Commerce Commission?
It was the first government body to monitor business operations.
Which journalist called attention to the living conditions of tenement dwellers?
Jacob Riis
What role did patents play in the work of inventors such as Thomas Edison?
Patents protected inventors and let them profit from their inventions.
Before Grant could capture Richmond, he first had to defeat Confederate forces in _____.
Petersburg
What was one way Progressives differed from Populists?
Progressives were typically middle-class city dwellers, and Populists were mostly farmers.
What did Republicans gain from the Compromise of 1877?
Rutherford B. Hayes became President.
Which labor leader began the American Federation of Labor?
Samuel Gompers
How did the South attempt to compensate for its disadvantages?
Southern leaders approached foreign governments for aid.
Why did Roosevelt run for President in 1912?
Taft's political decisions angered Roosevelt.
What was one of the dangers of living in a tenement?
Tenements had few windows and poor sanitation conditions.
How did Taft's "rule of reason" differ from Roosevelt's New Nationalism?
The New Nationalism would back stronger government power to bust trusts, while the "rule of reason" would weaken that power.
Which factors contributed to the end of open-range cattle ranching in the mid-1880s?
drop in beef prices and the invention of barbed wire
What risk did a soldier face if he survived being wounded in a Civil War battle?
dying from disease
Cartels, monopolies, trusts, as well as horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of _____.
increasing profits
What did the 1903 Muller v. Oregon decision uphold?
limited work hours for women
Which of the following revoked southern blacks' civil rights?
local and state laws
Which was a system for turning out large numbers of products quickly and inexpensively?
mass production
In 1914, Congress created the Federal Trade Commission to _____.
monitor business practices that might lead to monopolies
What is one advantage that helped the North to win the Civil War?
more technological resources
What profession grew substantially with women's participation during the Civil War?
nursing
Many Progressive reformers targeted city officials who built corrupt organizations called _____.
political machines
What restrictive measure required voters to pay to vote?
poll taxes
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 _____.
prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the country
Which industry most spurred economic growth and innovation in related industries?
railroads
During the 1870s, Supreme Court decisions _____.
restricted the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment
Which of the following provided Americanization programs for new immigrants?
settlement houses
Which of the following was true by the end of the Civil War?
the South's economy had been destroyed
Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address at what event?
the dedication of a cemetery
What immediate effect of the war was felt by both northerners and southerners?
the enormous loss of life
What did political cartoonist Thomas Nast work to expose?
the illegal activities of New York City's "Boss" Tweed
Which of the following best describes urbanization?
the rapid growth of cities
What freedom did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 grant black patrons?
the right to use public facilities
According to the theory of Social Darwinism, what class had the most social value?
the wealthy
Why was the Farmers' Alliance formed in the 1870s?
to negotiate lower prices for supplies
Which of the following describes the purpose of a settlement house?
to provide the urban poor with social services such as child care and English classes, schools for children, and programs for adults
Which term describes General Grant's strategy for crushing the Confederacy after the Battle of Gettysburg?
total war
Which statement best explains why the public school system created during Reconstruction was both a success and a failure?
It allowed all southern children to get an education, but segregation made it expensive.
Which of the following best describes the federal government under President William Howard Taft?
It brought lawsuits against many corporations.
How did African Americans support the war effort?
After the Militia Act, African Americans fought for the Union.
How did mass culture signify a change in American life?
Americans became more alike in their purchasing.
What was one effect of the events in Haymarket Square?
Americans turned away from radicalism.
What agreement led to the withdrawal of federal troops from the South?
Compromise of 1877
What action did Congress take to support southern African Americans?
Congress overturned Johnson's vetoes on major Reconstruction legislation.
Which of the following is true about farmworkers in the system of share-tenancy?
Farmers had more control over their crops than with sharecropping.
What effects did mining have in the West?
Individuals mined gold near the surface, then large companies took over.
Which argument supports the perception of big business leaders as "captains of industry"?
Industrialists' support for new technology benefited the economy.
How did the Civil War affect industries in the North?
Industries became more mechanized.
What group used violence to intimidate American citizens?
Ku Klux Klan
How were low wages and the rise in child labor related?
Low wages meant that all family members needed to work to survive.
Why did minority groups receive only limited benefits from Progressivism?
Many Progressives held racist ideas about minority groups.
What was the impact of the Civil War on the South's African American population?
Many migrated north and west.
How were immigrants' experiences different at Ellis Island than Angel Island?
Most immigrants left Ellis Island very quickly.
What organization supported a constitutional amendment to grant women the right to vote?
National Woman Suffrage Association
How did the attitude of Native Americans and white settlers toward nature differ?
Native Americans believed nature was sacred. White settlers believed nature was a resource.
Why did Mexican Americans living in New Mexico have no representatives in Washington, D.C., to protect their interests?
New Mexico was a territory, not a state.
What was one effect of the conflicts between Native Americans and white settlers?
Over time, Native Americans lost the ability to effectively resist white settlement.
Why was Reconstruction needed for the former Confederacy?
The Constitution provided no guidance on secession or readmission of states.
What role did the Sixteenth Amendment play on Woodrow Wilson's efforts to regulate the economy?
The Sixteenth Amendment allowed Congress to levy an income tax.
What is one geographic advantage the South had over the North?
The South was fighting in its own territory.
What was the result of the battle at Shiloh?
The Union and the Confederacy suffered terrible losses.
Why did the U.S. banking system need to be reformed in the early 1900s?
The nation had no central authority to supervise banks.
Why was the Civil War's first large battle, the first Battle of Bull Run, so shocking?
The battle was more brutal than people expected.
Why had northern support for Reconstruction faded by the end of the 1860s?
The cost of military operations in the South worried many people.
Following the Pullman Strike, how did the Supreme Court rule in the case of In re Debs?
The government had the authority to end labor strikes.
Which idea was a part of Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?
The southern states had never really left the Union.
How did the Emancipation Proclamation become a turning point in the Civil War?
The war was now officially about slavery.
What farming techniques specifically helped farmers adapt to the dry environment in the West?
They built windmills and plows.
In the late 1800s, why did workers tolerated poor wages and working conditions?
They could be replaced easily by other workers.
Why did some abolitionists criticize Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation?
They knew it did not specifically free all enslaved people.
How did the Radical Republicans respond to President Johnson's veto of a bill allowing the Freedmen's Bureau to continue its work?
They passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
During Reconstruction, what happened to most African American families in the South?
They remained in rural areas and worked at jobs such as lumbering or farming.
How did African Americans in the South often help Union forces?
They served as spies and scouts.
What characteristic did recruits in a typical regiment share?
They were all from the same town.
How were violators of the Enforcement Act of 1870 punished?
They were fined and imprisoned.
Which of the following best describes the working conditions of industrial workers?
They worked with unsafe machinery.
How did the new mining towns enforce laws and keep the peace?
Vigilantes punished lawbreakers.
Why were Native Americans moved to smaller and smaller reservations in the 1850s?
White settlers discovered gold and silver on land already set aside for Native Americans.
Which of the following encouraged President Arthur to pursue civil service reform?
assassination of President Garfield
How did capitalism fuel industrialization?
by encouraging entrepreneurs to establish businesses
Which institution most helped African American society after the Civil War?
churches
Horizontal integration differs from vertical integration in that it _____.
consolidates many firms involved in the same business into one giant company
