history final exam

Maya bloodletting

Bloodletting is cutting part of the body to release blood is an ancient ritual used by many Mesoamerican societies. For the ancient Maya, bloodletting rituals were a way that Maya nobles communicated with their gods and being good, harvest, adequate rainfalls, victory in warfare royal ancestor, personal happiness and many other benefits. Bloodletting rituals were performed on significant dates and at scheduled state events through the Maya ritual calendar, especially at the beginning or end of a calendar cycle. other significant life stage os kings and queen such as birth, deaths, marriages, and the beginning and ends of war were also accompanied by bloodletting. When the King himself was bloodletter, he became the portal between the two worlds. the spirits would enter the realm of living through the wounds he inflicted upon his body.

Timur Lenk

In 1390 A.D after the Genghis Khan, a new nomadic leader emerged. This leader, a man by the name of Timur Lenk again united the different nomadic tribes of the Asian Steppe under authority. Timur was a brutal and merciless warlord. Yer, despite this brutality, he was able to establish a thriving empire whose cities would be some of the wealthiest in the region. After his death in 1405 A.D., Timur's empire quickly began to decay as the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and influence in the region.

Heian Era

It occurred during 974-1185. Heian period Japan is known as the Golden Age of Japanese history. The significant and further development of Chinese ideas in art, architecture, an nd ritual that occurred at this time and led to a new and ultimately unique Japanese culture. Provided extended peace allowing for the growth of a leisure class of nobles. China had a significant impact on Japan. Even China did not conquer Japan. Japan borrows their belief system as well. Also, in this period there was a Fujiwara clan, hwere emperors marry Fajiwana women and hten affter the birth of a son the current emperor retires making the son the new emperor .

Mansa Musa

Mansa Musa was an emperor (Mansa) of the Mali Empire during the 14th century. He became emperor in 1307. He was the first African ruler to be widely known throughout Europe and the Middle East. Mansa Musa was the great nephew of Sundiata Kita, who was the founder of the empire He passed away in 1337. Mali's border would get a glimpse of the king's expansive wealth. Adevolult Muslim in a majority Muslim community, Musa set off on a journey to Mecca of his Hajj pilgrimage.

Vasco da Gama

The Portuguese nobleman Vasco da Gama born in 1460-1524. He sailed from Lisbon in 1497 on a mission to reach India and open a sea route from Europe to East After Sailing Down the western coast of Africa in rounding the cape of good hope. Hid expedition made numerous tops in Africa before reaching the trading post of Calicut, India in may late 14th. Then he came back to Portugal and received her's welcome and was sent back on the second expedition to India early 14th. Then he came back to Portugal and received a hero's welcome and was sent back on the second expedition to India . During which he brutally clashed with Muslim trader in the region. Two decades later, Da Gama again returned to indiaIndias time as Protugues viceroy; he died there of an illness in late 524.

Qin Shi Huangdi- the Chinese-the fist Emperor

emperor Qin did not want the conquered state to think of themselves as an independent nation. He divided the country into administrative units. there were 36 "commanderies" which were further divided into districts and countries. Under Emperor Qin, everyone was required to teach and use the same type of writing. He had a vast network of roads and canals built throughout the country. this helped to improve trade and travel. He also began the building of the Great Wall of China. He had many of the existing walls throughout the country from the invader to the north.

Chinese Civil Service Exam

imperial China was famous for its civil service examination system. It began in the Sui dynasty (581-618 CE), but was fully developed during the Qing dynasty). The system continues to play a significant role, not only in education and government but also in society itself, throughout Qing times. the civil service examination system was squarely based upon the Confucian classics and upon recognized commentaries on those classics. The candidate who won the first place at the places examination was called Zhuangyan and the person would be granted a high-ranking position in the court.

Doctrine of " Mandate of Heaven"

the Duke of Zhou's main contribution, however, may have been to lay the philosophical foundation for Chinese dynasty authority. The Mandate of Heaven did not require a ruler to be of noble birth and had no time limitations. Instead, rulers were expected to be good and just in order to keep the mandate. The Zhou claimed that their rule was justified by the Mandate of Heaven, This mandate empowered the ruler to reign as " Son of Heaven" but also required that he govern justly and humanely. If a ruler grew corrupt and oppressive and the people suffered, Heaven would withdraw the mandate and bestow it on someone else, who would take power and rule with virtue and benevolence. This principle thus legiitmezed the zhou overthrow of the Shand.

Renaissance vernacular literature

the Renaissance was a form of rebirth. People were moving out of the dark ages and becoming more aware of thigs. the focus of the dark ages and becoming more aware of things. The focus of the Renaissance was a time of great works of art and literature. the of the vernacular languages during the Renaissance, translating to and from Latin had great importance. the Welshman in England was provided with bilingual dictionary vernacular works spread throughout Europe. This shift from Latin to vernacular language presents an important shift in the interest of courtly literature.

Brahmans (priests)

they system of classification, Varna is a system that existed in the Vedic society that divided the society into four classes, Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (skilled trader, merchants), and Shudras (unskilled workers). Brahmins are at the top of the caste system. they are found at Hindu religion. Brahmins are seen as they are much closer to God. They are polytheistic, which mean they pray many gods and goddesses. In order to become a brahman, there is no shortcut. If the brahmans marry to low cast than, you will remain as low cast.