History Final Exam

86. As the war dragged on, how did television influence public opinion toward the Vietnam War?

It helped shift public opinion against the war

68. What helped Johnson get much of his legislative program through Congress?

He was a former member of Congress

45. What achievement did Jackie Robinson make that helped blur the color line in the 1940s?

He was the first African American in baseball

36. Describe Dwight D Eisenhower.

He was the head of NATO and commander of the Allied forces

96. What major abuse of presidential power was uncovered by the Watergate scandal?

He wiretapped people and places he did not trust which was illegal

75. Young people who rejected mainstream lifestyles and sought freedom of expression were called

Hippies

8. What was an impact of Roosevelt's issue of Executive Order 9066?

Internment camps were installed for Japanese Americans

70. Why did some people criticize the Great Society?

It created too much power for the government

92. How did the My Lai Massacre change Americans' views on the Vietnam War?

It dramatically reduced support

91. How did the Vietnam War finally end?

North and South Vietnam came together under communism

37. Which States in the SunBelt have had the slowest growth since 1950?

Oklahoma, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Alabama

21. What legislation helped over 2 million U.S. veterans attend college after World War II?

The G.I. Bill of Rights

43. Which ethnic group was most likely to be in poverty in Chicago in 1960?

(Read a map question)

94. How did Nixon change the United States' relationship with China?

He visited China and they engaged in diplomatic relations

99. Why did President Gerald Ford ultimately decide to pardon Richard Nixon?

He wanted the country to move on

60. What were some of the major concerns that people had about voting for John F. Kennedy?

He was Catholic and people thought his allegiance would be to the Pope

31. During the Cold War, the Soviet Union and the United States became locked in an arms race. An arms race is

A competition of achieve weapon superiority

95. The Watergate scandal was uncovered due to what particular event?

A failed break-in at the National Committee

57. Describe the Black Panther Party?

A group that was more militant that used violent action to separate white and black communities

85. How were the Viet Cong able to avoid detection by U.S. troops?

A network of underground tunnels

1. What kind of government system did Joseph Stalin establish in the Soviet Union by the early 1930s?

A totalitarian dictatorship

39. What was the main cause of the rapid economic expansion following World War II?

Baby Boomers

66. Why has no one been able to determine Lee Harvey Oswald's motive for assassinating President Kennedy?

Because he himself was assassinated

9. Why did the number of female workers in America explode during the war?

Because of the need for military supplies and men being involved in the war

90. What made 1968 such a turbulent year in American history?

Bobby Kennedy was assassinated, MLK was assassinated, the Tet offensive was in place, and Hubert Humphrey was president.

48. What Supreme Court decision led to the desegregation of the nation's schools?

Brown vs. Board of Education

28. How did the United States plan to stop the spread of communism in Europe?

By providing economic aid and democratic support (The Marshall Plan)

19. On June 6, 1944, Allied forces stormed the beaches of Normandy in northern France. What was this event called?

D-Day

20. What did Nazis decide was the "final solution" to the "Jewish question"?

Death camps or exterminating all the Jews

38. What was the name of Harry Truman's package of economic reforms?

The Fair Deal

54. Why would civil rights activists organize public demonstrations like the March on Washington?

Gain support for civil rights legislation

3. What event caused Great Britain and France to declare war against Germany?

Germany marched east into Poland (an ally of Britain and France)

2. How did Hitler break the Nonaggression Pact in 1941?

He invaded Poland and the Soviet Union

18. Why did President Truman decide to drop the atomic bomb on Japan?

He knew the Japanese weren't going to win or surrender, so the shock of the bomb was the only way

89. How did the Tet Offensive influence American public opinion about the war?

It made it seem like the United States could not win

69. What was the impact of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring?

It raised public interest on environmentalism

71. How did the Great Society have an impact on American life?

It reduced the rate of poverty

33. What was the Taft-Hartley Act?

It restricts the activities and power of labor unions

77. Describe the Woodstock Music Festival?

It was a festival of Music and Art (Peace, sex, love, Rock and Roll)

27. What was the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States like by the onset of the Cold War?

It was one of mutual distrust and suspicion

6. What happened to the American economy as the United States entered the war?

It was revived because of the demand for military supplies

34. Describe planned postwar communities like Levittown?

It was the first planned community with mass production of houses

14. Why was the Battle of Stalingrad so important?

It was the turning point of the war on the Eastern front

46. Laws that established separate public facilities for whites and blacks were often called

Jim Crow laws and de jure segregation

100. Who won the 1976 presidential election?

Jimmy Carter

88. The antiwar movement thrived on many college campuses in part because

Male college students could be drafted after college graduation

53. Who called Birmingham the most segregated city in the United States?

Martin Luther King Jr.

59. Who was Cesar Chavez?

Mexican American advocate for worker's rights

65. The East German government erected the Berlin Wall in 1961 to

Prevent people from leaving East Germany

67. What did Johnson consider to be part of a "Great Society"?

Social welfare improvements, the War on Poverty, and racial injustice

76. How did the generation gap reveal itself in attitudes toward drug use?

The Baby Boomers accepted drug use, while the older generation thought it was despicable

30. How did the United States respond to the Berlin Blockade in 1948?

The Berlin airlifts and they called for a resistance of the Soviet blockade

80. One of the main arguments used to support U.S. military involvement in Vietnam was the fear that if Vietnam fell to communism, other nations in Southeast Asia could as well. This argument was known as the

The Domino Theory

79. What legislation allowed President Lyndon Johnson to greatly increase U.S. military involvement in Vietnam?

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

64. What government agency was created by an executive order of Pres. Kennedy's to raise living standards in developing nations?

The Peace Corps

73. On campuses across the country, many students protested against

The Vietnam War

55. What was enacted the year after the March on Washington and had a major impact on civil rights?

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

5. What government entity was responsible for organizing the wartime economy?

The War Industries Board/ War Production Board

52. Where was the first sit-in held?

The Woolworth's drugstore in Greensboro

29. Describe the outcome of the Korean War?

The barrier was nearly in the same location, but places and buildings were destroyed

4. On December 7, 1941, President Roosevelt asked Congress for a declaration of war. What event led to this request?

The bombing of Pearl Harbor

74. A group in society with ideas and behaviors very different from those of the mainstream society is called

The counterculture

17. What was the Manhattan Project?

The development of the atomic bomb

40. What demographic change allowed the baby boom to occur in the late 1950s?

The end of World War II which meant people had more money

61. What major accomplishment in space occurred in 1969?

The first man to land on the Moon

72. Summarizes President Lyndon Johnson's view of the federal government's role in shaping American society?

The government should give everyone an equal opportunity

84. The greatest geographic challenge for American troops in Vietnam was

The rugged terrain of the jungle

23. What did the Iron Curtain symbolize during the Cold War?

The separation of communism and democracy

47. How did segregation in the workforce affect African Americans?

Their wages were lower and they held blue collar jobs

35. How did the workforce change in the 1950s as result of the changing economy?

There were more white collar jobs or more service jobs

25. Why was the hostility between America and the Soviet Union known as the Cold War?

There were never any attacks or bombs, just a threat of war

87. Before the ratification of the Twenty-sixth Amendment, what angered men between the ages of 18 and 21?

They complained that they could be sent off to fight even though they could not vote against the war

42. How did Congress respond to the growing number of automobiles in America?

They created an interstate highway system

13. How did the Nazis inflict suffering on people in German-occupied Europe?

They forced europeans to work in the German arms industry and put people in ghettos and concentration camps

63. How did President Kennedy respond to the Cuban Missile Crisis?

They formed a blockade in Cuba

41. How did the construction of Levittowns transform the homebuilding industry?

They mass produced the homes which sped up production

7. How did the government ration basic food supplies to the American public?

They received coupon books which were rationed for every month

12. What happened in the Zoot Suit Riots of 1943?

They rioted against racial clashes in Los Angeles between sailors and marines and Mexican American youth who wore Zoot Suits

50. What happened when African American students gathered to march in Birmingham on May 3, 1963?

They used attack dogs and fire hoses on the protestors

56. How did the Nation of Islam's aims differ from earlier civil rights goals?

They wanted complete separation from white society by establishing black communities

32. What crime was the subject of the Julius and Ethel Rosenberg trial?

They were charged with passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union

93. How were Vietnam veterans treated upon returning to the United States?

They were criticized for their involvement

82. Why were US soldiers so frustrated in Vietnam?

They were not getting enough support from South Vietnam

81. In the 1960s, President Johnson's advisors that were called hawks

They were very aggressive about foreign policy and they wanted military force

58. What famous attorney became the first black Supreme Court Justice?

Thurgood Marshall

44. In 1948, President Harry Truman issued Executive Order 9981. What did this order call for?

To end segregation in the military

11. Why did many African Americans leave the South during the war?

To find better paying jobs in the North

49. The bus law that Rosa Parks was protesting in 1955 required Africans Americans:

To give up their seat to Whites and to sit in the back of the bus

83. What was Agent Orange used for in the Vietnam War?

To kill foliage for the enemy in order to uncover them

24. What was the main goal of the Truman Doctrine?

To promote democracy

26. What was the PRIMARY goal of the Marshall Plan?

To rebuild Western Europe and promote democracy

62. What was the intended goal of the Bay of Pigs invasion?

To remove Fidel Castro from power

22. What was the main purpose of the American policy of containment?

To stop the spread of communism

98. What was an effect of Watergate?

Trust in the government was diminished

10. What was the meaning of the Double V campaign?

Victory in Europe and Japan

78. The Viet Minh was a Vietnamese movement led by Ho Chi Minh that

Was against foreign occupation and wanted Vietnam to be a communist country

97. What piece of evidence proved Nixon's guilt in the scandal?

Wiretaps in the Oval Office

51. Nonviolent protests, such as sit-ins, were acts of

civil disobedience/non-violence

16. The strategy that allowed the Allies to push the Japanese closer to the home islands was known as

leapfrogging/island hopping

15. Liberating Japanese-held territory in the Pacific could be risky for Allied forces because

the Japanese would not surrender and the islands were well fortified