History Final Exam

The KKK was founded in 1866 as a secret society and served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party.

True

The civil rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the "Second Reconstruction."

True

(Q037) New York City and Philadelphia experienced what type of violent events in the 1840s and 1850s?

anti-immigrant riots

(Q018) The idea of "perfectionism" was the view that

both individuals and society at large can be capable of indefinite improvement.

(Q030) The largest effort at educational institution building before the Civil War came in the movement to establish

common schools

(Q008) Robert Owen's utopian society promoted this idea to allow workers to receive the full value of their labor.

communitarianism

(Q020) The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

established the principal of popular sovereignty to decide the status of slavery.

(Q015) "Slave patrols" were

farmers who kept a lookout for runaway slaves.

(Q005) There were calls by some expansionists for the United States to annex all of Mexico, yet the movement failed because

of the fear that the nation could not assimilate the large non-white Catholic population.

(Q021) The Homestead Act

offered 160 acres of free public land to settlers in the West.

(Q014) In 1860, the largest economic investment in the United States was in

slaves

(Q038) Free blacks were regularly excluded from

steamships

(Q016) What effect did the Embargo of 1807 have on manufacturing in the United States?

stimulated its growth

(Q021) The "Revolution of 1800" was

the peaceful transfer of the office of the presidency between political parties.

What activity made the postemancipation experience in the United States unique from other societies and became central to the former slaves' desire for empowerment and equality?

the right to vote within two years of the end of slavery

(Q025) With the Louisiana Purchase,

the size of the nation was doubled

(Q019) The Era of Good Feelings was so-called because

they were years of one-party government.

(Q045) Over the course of the war, Confederate troops were better supplied than Union troops.

False

(Q019) America's first black newspaper was called

Freedom's Journal.

(Q001) In the early decades of the 1800s, the population living in Texas who were non-Indian and of Spanish origin were called

Tejanos

(Q046) By 1860, the economic investment represented by the slave population exceeded the value of the nation's factories, railroads, and banks combined.

True

A "carpetbagger" was

A "carpetbagger" was

(Q011) Most of the labor in building the public buildings of the national government in Washington, D.C., was done by

African-American slaves

(Q066) In the Lower South, fugitive slaves tended to head for rural plantations to hide in plain sight.

False

(Q025) How did the Panic of 1819 shape American views of banks?

It fostered a major backlash of anti-bank sentiment.

One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to

ensure a working system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.

(Q029) The "Second War of Independence" was

the War of 1812

(Q021) In the mid-1800s, few plantations had dedicated buildings for slave worship so most slaves

worshipped in secret or in biracial churches with white ministers.

(Q013) Population in the North was 22 million in 1860, while the white population of the South in 1860 was

5.5 million

(Q020) Which of the following was part of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

Slavery was prohibited in the remaining Louisiana Territory north of 36°30'.

(Q016) In the aftermath of the War of 1812, Americans tended to view Canadians as

monarchial and lacking in an understanding of liberty.

(Q027) Dorothea Dix, a Massachusetts school teacher, was the leading proponent of

more humane treatment of the insane

(Q017) Abraham Lincoln's January 1, 1863, Emancipation Proclamation freed

some slaves, but exempted those in areas under Union control.

(Q026) Democracy in America was written by

Alexis de Tocqueville.

(Q004) Stretching from Maine to Kentucky, this was the most successful of the religious communities in the mid-1800s.

Shakers

(Q010) What was the result of the Missouri court case involving the "crime" of Celia?

She was sentenced to death.

The phrase "forty acres and a mule" is derived from

Sherman's Field Order 15.

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.

(Q032) In her 1845 work Woman in the Nineteenth Century, this writer sought to apply to women the transcendentalist idea that freedom meant a quest for personal development.

Margaret Fuller

(Q043) Horace Mann argued that it was not a school's responsibility to reinforce social stability by rescuing students from the influence of parents who failed to instill the proper discipline in their children.

False

(Q044) The Shawnee brothers Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa led the way in promoting Indian adoption of white customs.

False

(Q046) The Supreme Court did little to promote the entrepreneurial agenda of the market revolution.

False

(Q049) During the Civil War, the North instituted a draft, but the South never did.

False

(Q053) Florida was victoriously delivered to American hands with the assistance of local Indians and Spain's suggestion to sell the area.

False

(Q053) Free blacks gained the right to vote in every state in the Union after 1800.

False

(Q053) Government involvement in the economy decreased during the Civil War.

False

(Q065) The nineteenth century's "cult of domesticity" applied to slave women as well as white women.

False

(Q071) The Louisiana Purchase stalled Thomas Jefferson's plan to remove Indian tribes beyond the Mississippi River that refused to cooperate in "civilizing" themselves.

False

(Q014) Which is true of Martin Van Buren's campaign for president?

Rather than being dangerous and divisive, he believed political parties were a necessary and desirable element of political life.

(Q007) Which of the following was a difference between the Democrats and the Whigs during the Jackson years?

The Whigs favored public measures and other policies to regulate personal morality; the Democrats did not.

(Q056) Many Americans saw the reform impulse as an attack on their own freedom, particularly the temperance movement.

True

(Q056) The 1828 "tariff of abominations" led to the nullification crisis.

True

(Q056) The Barbary Wars were the United States' first contact with the Islamic World.

True

(Q057) Henry David Thoreau held the view that people were being stifled by modern society, and trapped in boring, dead-end jobs by their obsessive desire to earn money.

True

(Q012) What 1793 invention spurred the rise of the Cotton Kingdom and fueled demand for slaves?

cotton gin

(Q012) The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in February 1848

ended the Mexican War.

(Q012) By the eve of the Civil War, free blacks in the South were allowed to own

property

(Q013) When Texas declared itself independent of Mexico, its new constitution

protected slavery even though Mexico had earlier abolished slavery.

(Q007) Compared to Brazil and the West Indies, involving hundreds or even thousands of slaves, revolts in the United States were

smaller and less frequent

Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction

were often arrested and hired out to white landowners.

(Q038) What was General Grant's strategy in 1864 that became a turning point in the war for ultimate Union victory?

to use as many Union troops on the battlefield as possible in a war of attrition

(Q026) On their journey of exploration from Missouri to Oregon, Lewis and Clark were accompanied by the American Indian interpreter

Sacajawea

(Q011) Which of the following was an element in the 1841 Dorr War?

Supporters of democratic reform organized a People's Convention, which drafted a new constitution for the state of Rhode Island.

(Q033) Between 1840 and 1860, most immigrants entering the United States were from what two countries?

Germany and Ireland

(Q054) Abby Kelley was one of the foremost female abolitionist orators in the country during her time.

True

(Q018) In the XYZ affair of 1797,

French officials presented American diplomats with a demand for bribes.

(Q004) Which of the following was a trend in American democracy during the 1820s and 1830s?

Selling candidates and their images was as important as the positions for which they stood.

(Q051) By 1860, New York City had become the nation's financial, commercial, and manufacturing center.

True

(Q051) In 1792, Mary Wollstonecraft published A Vindication of the Rights of Women in response to Thomas Paine's Rights of Man.

True

(Q042) In the Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court ruled that African-Americans had no rights that whites were compelled to recognize.

True

(Q042) Lincoln was initially not concerned with the issue of slavery as his paramount concerns were to keep the border slave states in the Union and to build the broadest base of support in the North for the war effort.

True

(Q025) The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in December 1865,

abolished slavery throughout the Union.

(Q021) The Fugitive Slave Act

allowed federal commissioners to determine the fate of fugitives without the benefit of a trial or testimony by the accused individual.

(Q028) The objective of Gabriel's rebellion of 1800 was to

take over the city of Richmond and hold whites as hostages.

(Q015) Which of the following is a true statement about Jackson's political beliefs?

He felt African-Americans should either remain as slaves or be freed and sent abroad.

(Q009) The Second Middle Passage was

the slave trade from the older states to the Lower South.

(Q011) As Lincoln withdrew forces in the West to protect areas in the East, tensions flared between the Indians and settlers, leading to

Sioux Indians killing hundreds of white farmers.

(Q007) Which of the following was an area of public activism open to women during the 1830s and 1840s?

public meetings

The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871

defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses.

(Q010) In the mid-1800s, this concept had replaced class as the boundary between those American men who were entitled to enjoy political freedom and those who were not.

race

(Q029) Between 1800 and 1860, around 1 million slaves moved from older slave states to the Deep South, traveling

to the Deep South to work in cotton fields

(Q018) Early U.S. textile mills relied largely on the labor of

women and children.

(Q059) The 1836 Specie Circular declared that the federal government would accept only specie (gold and silver) in payment for public land.

True

(Q040) The Alien Act of 1798 reflected fear of immigrants possessing

radical political views

(Q014) Chicago's spectacular growth between 1830 and 1860 was principally due to

railroads

(Q014) The Civil War is sometimes called "the first modern war" because it used weapons and other technological advances of the industrial revolution. Which of the following was one of these advances?

railroads

(Q019) In the Compromise of 1850,

the slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia.

(Q053) Lincoln shared many of the racial prejudices of his day, including opposing Illinois blacks the right to vote or serve on juries.

True

(Q006) The Hartford Convention

affirmed the right of a state to interpose its authority if the federal government violated the Constitution.

(Q004) Which of the following groups was a major target of the New York City draft riots?

conscription officers

(Q031) What did Frederick Douglass encourage African-Americans in the North to do as part of the war effort after 1863?

enlist in the United States Army

(Q017) The Panic of 1819 was caused by

the land bubble burst and fallen prices.

(Q059) The common nineteenth-century view was that men are naturally aggressive, rational, and domineering, while women are naturally nurturing, selfless, and ruled by emotions.

True

(Q035) What two southern cities witnessed relatively prosperous free black communities develop in the 1800s?

Charleston and New Orleans

(Q031) In Johnson v. M'Intosh, the Supreme Court proclaimed that

Indians were not in fact owners of their land, but merely had a "right of occupancy."

Which statement accurately describes sharecropping?

It allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year.

What was the significance of the Reconstruction Act of March 1867?

It divided the South into five military districts and called for the creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote.

(Q024) The case that established judicial review was

Marbury v. Madison

(Q015) Which of the following was a characteristic of Robert Owen's early-nineteenth-century utopian communities?

Owen promoted communitarianism as a way of making sure workers received the full value of their labor.

(Q013) The two political parties of the mid-1790s were the

Republicans and Federalists

"Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans.

True

(Q046) In the absence of a strong national government, American social and political activity was organized through voluntary associations such as churches, fraternal societies, and political clubs.

True

(Q047) By the 1840s, southern leaders were convinced that slavery must expand or die.

True

(Q049) During the 1820s and 1830s, an emergent labor movement began voicing concerns about harsh working conditions, economic insecurity, and growing inequalities of wealth.

True

(Q051) A small number of African-Americans owned slaves in the Old South.

True

(Q063) During the market revolution, the emergence of organized political parties spurred newspaper publication.

True

(Q029) Which of the following is part of the generally accepted account of the 1822 conspiracy led by Denmark Vesey?

Vesey had purchased his freedom after winning the lottery.

(Q030) During the first two years of the Civil War, most of the fighting took place in

Virginia and Maryland

(Q002) The American Colonization Society called for

a gradual end to slavery and the resettlement of blacks outside the United States.

What did three amendments to the U.S. Constitution guarantee to former slaves shortly after the Civil War?

freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men

(Q033) According to Pauline Davis in 1853, to emancipate women from "bondage," women must

go to work outside the home

(Q029) The government-sponsored construction of roads and canals in the early 1800s later deemed unconstitutional was called

internal improvements

(Q016) President James Madison favored a system of national economic incentives for manufacturers, a protective tariff, a new national bank, and federal financing of roads and canals that came to be known as

the American System

(Q024) The first American conflict to be fought primarily on foreign soil and the first in which American troops occupied a foreign capital was

the Mexican War

(Q035) Free blacks drew upon what political office to justify "birthright citizenship"?

the President

(Q006) Between 1848 and 1860, American trade with China

tripled

(Q028) In response to the nomination of Stephen Douglas's Democratic candidacy, seven of the southern delegates

walked out of the convention, causing it to recess in confusion.

(Q023) The Republican Party, founded in 1854,

was a coalition of antislavery Democrats, northern Whigs, Know-Nothings, and Free Soilers.

(Q032) Which of the following statements is true regarding the Trail of Tears?

At least one-quarter of the Indians perished during the winter of 1838-1839.

(Q001) Northern Republicans labeled those opposed to the war

Copperheads.

(Q031) Southern planters felt a community of interest with

Cuban and British slaveowners.

(Q011) This first martyr of the antislavery movement was killed by a mob in Illinois while defending his press.

Elijah P. Lovejoy

(Q002) A significant theme of the Monroe Doctrine was that

European powers should refrain from further colonization in the Americas.

(Q036) This religion started after its leader claimed to have been led by an angel to a set of golden plates covered with strange writing, which he translated and later published.

Mormonism

(Q019) Which of the following statements accurately reflects Fries's Rebellion of 1799?

President John Adams dispatched federal troops to the area.

(Q027) Which of the following was a Confederate advantage in fighting the Civil War?

The southern commander, General Lee, was a skilled tactician who hoped that a series of defeats would weaken the North's resolve.

(Q036) What was the meaning of the Civil War for poet Bret Harte?

The war led to the sacrifice of individual soldiers.

(Q005) A major hindrance during the outbreak of war included this railroad situation.

There was no national railroad gauge so trains built for one line could not run on another.

In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction?

They should have no role in shaping policies.

(Q032) Why did slave owners in the 1850s begin to sell their city slaves to the countryside?

They thought their slaves had too much independence, which negatively influenced the relation between master and slave.

(Q037) The prevalence of plantation slavery kept the South from matching northern rates of immigration, industrial development, and urban growth.

True

(Q039) More Americans died in the Civil War than in any other war in U.S. history.

True

(Q041) Although denied the ballot, women found a voice in the public sphere during the 1820s and 1830s.

True

(Q069) The same American leaders of democracy who hailed the French Revolution as a step in the universal progress of liberty reacted in horror against the Haitian Revolution.

True

Black Codes sometimes assigned black children to work for their former masters without parental consent.

True

During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the U.S. House of Representatives and two U.S. senators.

True

(Q022) The Second Great Awakening was

a popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s.

(Q025) Ralph Waldo Emerson was which of the following?

a transcendentalist

(Q016) In 1853-1854, President Millard Fillmore dispatched American warships to Japan under the command of Commodore Matthew Perry to

force a trade treaty with an outright demand that the Japanese deal with the United States.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because

it outlawed discrimination in voting based on race but not gender.

(Q012) "Impressment" as practiced by the British was

kidnapping sailor

The Black Codes were

laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves in the South.

(Q030) Nat Turner

led an 1831 slave uprising in Virginia, killing about sixty whites.

(Q016) The Second Confiscation Act

liberated slaves of disloyal owners in Union-occupied territory, as well as slaves who escaped to Union lines.

(Q008) The expansionist spirit of the early nineteenth century that God intended the American nation to reach all the way to the Pacific Ocean was called

manifest destiny

(Q010) "Gentlemen of property and standing" were

merchants with close commercial ties to the South.

(Q004) Thomas Jefferson brokered an agreement to assuage southerners to accept Alexander Hamilton's economic plans in exchange for

the building of a new and permanent national capital in the South.

(Q015) The population rush into California in 1848 was a result of

the discovery of gold

The Reconstruction amendments to the U.S. Constitution helped to create

the first national biracial democracy in world history.

(Q018) The Free Soil Party's platform called for

the government to bar slavery from the western territories and provide land free in the territories to people who wanted to homestead there.

(Q008) Which of the following was a mounting source of concern over the effects of the market revolution?

the increasing dependence of workers upon wage labor

(Q001) The "peculiar institution" of the South was

the issue of slavery

(Q008) Paternalism meant

the master was the head of the system, including providing his slaves with protection and the right of care.

(Q005) The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 negotiated

the sale of parts of Florida from Spain to the United States.

(Q017) John C. Calhoun of South Carolina considered this idea "the most false and dangerous of all political errors."

that all men are created equal and entitled to liberty

(Q031) The War of 1812 was ended by what treaty?

the Treaty of Ghent

Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that

the Union victory created an opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights regardless of race.

(Q020) "Manifest destiny" was

the belief that the United States had a divinely appointed mission to expand westward.

(Q039) The Know-Nothing Party was founded as a crusade against slavery.

False

(Q041) The American Temperance Society, founded in 1826, directed its efforts to redeeming habitual drunkards, not the occasional social drinker.

False