history midterm

The Columbian Exchange can best be described as

A cross cultural exchange of biological goods

Which of the following was NOT a motivation for European exploration during this era?

A desire for cultural syncretism with Asia

An example of cross-technological exchange is shown with

A. The Portuguese using the magnetic compass

Which of the following processes most immediately led to the global expansion of European political power in the period circa 1500 ?

Advances in shipbuilding and navigational methods

All of the following were reasons that Europeans took African slaves from Africa EXCEPT

Africans were more accustomed to hard work than Europeans

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which might best be used to undermine or modify the author's argument in the second paragraph?

Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire faced considerable restrictions on their religious practices, legal rights, and social freedoms.

Which of the following is an implicit argument made by the author in the passage?

Coerced labor systems have allowed a minority of the population of Caribbean colonial societies to reap enormous economic benefits.

Which of the following developments in the period circa 1250-1450 represents a situation that is the opposite of nomadic conquerors assimilating into the cultures of the conquered societies?

Conquered peoples being drawn into their conquerors' economic and cultural orbits, as illustrated by Turkic peoples converting to Islam and integrating into Muslim societies

Sub-Saharan Africa, from 1200-1450, became more active in interregional trade as a result of:

Contact with Islamic missionaries and merchants promoting trade between North and West Africa

Which of the following was a continuity in the development of African states in the period circa 1200-1450 ?

Despite geographical barriers, some African states were able to maintain diplomatic and cultural contacts with the broader Afro-Eurasian world.

Which of the following best describes the author's claim in the second paragraph?

Despite the small size of Barbadian plantations, the landowners on Barbados are very wealthy.

The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century maritime exploration efforts by England, France, and the Netherlands were most directly connected to which of the following historical processes?

Economic competition against Spain and Portugal and a desire to find new sailing routes to Asia

The main goal of mercantilism was to

Ensure the wealth and success of mother countries

Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the author's conclusion about the importance of exotic goods to the Maya region's economy?

Exotic goods were exchanged over long distances within the Maya lowlands.

Which of the following people did NOT travel along the major trade routes discussed, during this time period?

Ferdinand Magellan

A key difference between the Atlantic Slave Trade and the East African slave trade revolve around

Gender of laborers

Which of the following resources, coming out of Africa, were desired most by other regions?

Gold and ivory

which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 is best understood as a response to the trends shown in the table?

The creation of larger state bureaucracies.

Which of the following aspects of the international situation in early sixteenth-century southwest Asia is most relevant to understanding Sultan Selim's letter?

The Ottoman and Safavid empires fought numerous wars for control over Iraq, Syria, and other regions of the Middle East.

Which of the following would a historian most likely cite as evidence in support of the author's argument in the second paragraph of the passage?

The Ottoman millet system, an arrangement designed to utilize the economic contributions of non-Muslim groups within the empire while granting them limited autonomy to organize their communal affairs under their own religious leaders

In the period circa 1200-1450, which of the following most directly enabled merchants to bring salt and other bulk products to markets in sub-Saharan Africa?

The adoption of innovative practices in overland trading, such as the use of camel caravans and saddles

The need for legal action to address the "grave inconveniences" that might result from the labor shortages described in the passage most likely resulted from-

The agrarian nature of medieval European economies and their reliance on coerced labor.

The passage implies that the author was aware of smallpox being an infectious disease. Which of the following can best be cited as evidence of that claim?

The author's statement that no English settlers fell ill, even though "many performed these favors for the Indians for weeks"

Which of the following regions did NOT see a rise is diasporic communities as a result of trade along the Indian Ocean Trade Network?

Western Europe

all of the following are reasons for islamic conquering success except

equal treatment of all members of the empire after conquest

the chinese desire to limit trade with other nations best reflects which of the following cultural beliefs

ethnocentrism

Which of the following is true regarding the Silk Road?

New cities developed in Eurasia as a result of increased trade along the routes

All of the following were results of increased trade during the time period 1200-1450 EXCEPT

An increase in the number of colonies controlled by nations

The spread of Islam into sub-Saharan West Africa in the period circa 1200-1450 was mostly a result of the conversion of the rulers of which of the following states?

The Mali Empire

Based on the information in the table, the Black Death outbreak of the bubonic plague struck Essex County in which of the following periods?

Between 1320 and 1350

When Islam was introduced into western Africa, the general response of the African people was to:

Blend elements of Islam and Animism, creating a new syncretic religion

Indian Ocean trade was different from trade along the Silk Road in that

Bulk goods, along with luxury goods, were traded in the Indian Ocean

An example of cross cultural exchange along the Indian Ocean Trade Network would be

Hindu figurines found in Srivijaya temples

Which of the following best describes the historical circumstances of Rashid al-Din's career?

His career illustrates the possibilities for diffusion and intermingling of cultures brought about by the Mongol conquests.

Which of the following is an argument in the second paragraph of the inscription regarding King Adityawarman...

His spiritual atrributes and worldly achievements made him a powerful and legitimate ruler.

The author invokes which of the following to support his claim that smallpox's impact on European settlers was different from its impact on Native Americans?

Ideas about the role of divine providence in human affairs.

The primary purpose of the Mongolian Yam system was to

Improve communication throughout the empire

Which of the following developments can be most directly attributed to Portuguese and Spanish state sponsorship of maritime exploration in the late fifteenth century?

Improvements in European geographic knowledge of Africa and the Indian Ocean

Which of the following best describes a claim made in the first paragraph of the inscription?

In Vedic religions, rejecting worldly concerns in order to attain spiritual perfection was considered a virtue.

A comparison between the data for the three manors shown in the table best illustrates which of the following about the bubonic plague?

In some but not all areas, the population was beginning to recover by 1400.

Which of the following best describes the change in the total population of males age 12 and older in the three manors shown in the table from 1320 to 1400 ?

It declined to less than a half of its 1320 level (over 50% decline).

Which of the following was NOT a territory conquered by the Mongols?

Japan

As outlined in the passage, the provisions of the agreement can best be used to illustrate which of the following aspects of state building in Eurasia in the period circa 1450-1750 ?

Local elites successfully resisted attempts at state centralization and asserted their autonomy from central rule.

The pattern of trade described in the passage was most characteristic of which of the following types of goods in the period 1200-1450 ?

Luxury goods such as spices or porcelain

The Mongols' lifestyle could best be described as

Nomadic

Which of the following cash crops/good was NOT produced in the Americas?

Pepper

Which of the following best describes the historical situation in Eurasia at the time the passage was written?

Political upheaval and reorganization increased cultural and scientific exchanges across regions.

The contents of the letter are best understood in the context of which of the following aspects of the historical situation in sub-Saharan Africa in the early 1600s?

Political, religious, and economic rivalries shaped European colonial policies in Africa.

A DEMOGRAPHIC impact of the Columbian Exchange was

Population increase in Europe, Native American population decrease in the Americas

The author directly uses all of the following pieces of evidence to support his argument about the relationship between exotic goods and the power of Maya rulers EXCEPT that Maya rulers

Prohibited nobles and priests from wearing certain types of exotic goods reserved for rulers.

Caravanserais can best be described as

Rest stops for travelers

The fact that the Russian tsar insisted in the last paragraph that some ambassadors be treated differently from others best illustrates which of the following about international politics in the period circa 1650-1750 ?

Russia had encountered significant resistance to its plans for further territorial expansion from some of the established states in eastern and southern Europe

Which of the following continuities in the development of African states in the period circa 1200-1450 most likely explains the prevalence of Christianity in Ethiopia?

Some African states' religious traditons continued to be influenced by cultural transfers dating back to earlier centuries.

The trends and military personnel and state revenue shown in the table our best understood in the context of which of the following changes in the relationship between states and local leads in the period 1450-1750?

States increasingly centralized their authority at the expense of local elites

The claim in the second paragraph that the king has become "free from all physical desire" can best be understood to mean that...

Statues of Buddhist divine figures could spiritually benefit everyone.

The combination between religious and political aspects in the Abbasid state's concept of rulership is best reflected in which of the following?

The Abbasid state was headed by the Caliph who was theoretically the state's supreme religious and political leader

A key group responsible for growing trade along the Trans Saharan trade route was

The Berbers

The terminology used in the opening sentence of the decree was most directly influenced by which of the following?

The deep influence of Christianity on medieval society and culture.

Which of the following best describes the author's argument in the first paragraph?

The demographic makeup of Barbadian society and the structure of its economy make existing punishments for slaves justified.

Based on the pattern of trade described in the third paragraph, the Egyptian karim merchants were most likely directly involved in which of the following broader developments in the Indian Ocean in the period circa 1200-1450 ?

The establishment of diasporic merchant communities

Which of the following does the author cite most directly to support his argument in the third paragraph about the importance of exotic goods in the Maya region?

The existence of united patterns of behavior in warfare, science, and religion.

The process of "consultations with the nobles and clergy of the realm" in the making of Edward III's decree best reflects which of the following?

The fragmented, decentralized nature of European feudal monarchies.

The type of warfare described in the passage most directly helps to explain which of the following sixteenth-century developments?

The intensification of political rivalries between the ottoman empire and neighboring states in Europe and the Middle East.

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would best support the author's argument in the first paragraph of the passage?

The period of Mamluk rule in Egypt saw a high number of conversions to Islam and a considerable reduction in the percentage of Coptic Christians in the overall population of Egypt

The general pattern of nomadic conquest followed by the assimilation of the conquerors into the cultures of the conquered societies was most clearly expressed in which of the following developments in the period circa 1250-1450 ?

The rulers of the Yuan dynasty adopting Chinese court culture and methods of rule

Which of the following skills was necessary for a person to sail in the Indian Ocean Trade Network?

Understanding wind currents

The conduct of the siege as described in the passage could best be used to explain which of the following processes in the period 1450-1750 ?

The use of new weapons by expanding imperial states

A similarity between the Silk Road and the Trans Saharan trade route was

The use of the camel saddle for transport of goods

Which of the following was a key similarity in the policies of the rulers of African states such as Ethiopia in the period circa 1200-1450 ?

The used religion and laws to bolster their legitimacy.

One key takeaway from Unit 1, the Global Tapestry is that

There was significant interaction among nations in the eastern hemisphere, leading to cultural diffusion

The main reason for Portuguese and Spanish exploration from 1450-1750 was

To gain access to the Asian Spice Trade

Which of the following best describes the author's purpose in the passage?

To portray his patron as a generous supporter of the sciences and a man of unusual intelligence

a key similarity between islamic and chinese systems of government was

both systems used a form of meritocracy to recruit officials

Which European technology was most instrumental in helping Europeans explore the Americas?

caravel

The Mongols control of much of Eurasia increased trade by

creating safety along the trade routes they controlled

one way that buddhism differed from hinduism was

a belief in the equality of all followers

all of the following led to feudal government except

a lack of trade across western europe

based on the purpose of the letter, Salim's description of the followers of Shah Ismail I as a "heretical faction" can be best interpreted as a commentary of the safavid empire's

adherence to the shi'a Islam

A historian studying this time period wanting to evaluate the extent to cross-cultural exchange would find which of the following sources useful?

an Islamic merchant's records during his trips to various regions in the Indian Ocean

The relationship between levels of military personnel and state revenues as shown in the table is best understood in the context of which of the following global developments in the period 1450-1750?

as military forces expanded and became more professionalized, states were forced to develop new ways to generate revenue.

The type of weaponry used in the siege, as described in the passage, could also help to explain the expansion of all of the following states in the period 1450-1750 EXCEPT the

aztec (mexica) empire

The "long stays in harbors" mentioned in the description of the sea journeys in the first paragraph were most likely necessary because Indian Ocean maritime trade in the period circa 1200-1450?

had to take into account environmental factors such as the timing and direction of the monsoons

the aztec use of chinampas best demonstrates which of the following ap themes

interactions between humans and the environment

The privileges discussed in the last two paragraphs of the passage best demonstrate that in some instances in the period 1450-1750

internal challenges to state power could lead to the establishment of new state-like structures within existing states

this era marks a change in trade because

its the first time the americas are included in global trade

pre islamic arabian society can best be described as

nomadic

one of the most important roles of christianity in western europe was to

provide a sense of hope and unity to the people

The disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate most directly led to which of the following political developments in the Islamic world in the thirteenth century?

rise of turkic states

The report's position on the proposed transfer of Luanda to the Dutch is best understood in light of the authors' goal to...

secure profits from the rapidly expanding trans-Atlantic slave trade

The point of view expressed by the Dutch West India Company's directors in the letter can best be described as...

seeking to steer the States General representatives into taking action that would benefit the company financially

Which of the following was NOT a labor system used in the Americas?

serfdom

The author uses all of the following as evidence to support his argument about the impact of smallpox on Native American populations EXCEPT.

the English settlers tried to help the Native Americans who were afflicted with smallpox

Despite the disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate, Islam continued to spread across Afro-Eurasia in the period 1200-1450 primarily because of which of the following?

the activities of sufi missionaries

one similarity between buddhism and hinduism was

the belief of reincarnation

one way the incans differed from the aztecs was

the incas used the labor tax to benefit the citizens of the empire not just the government

The Mongol conquests resulted in all of the following developments EXCEPT

the initial diffusion of Buddhism and Christianity to East Asia

Which religious event may have been responsible for the Portuguese and Spanish desire to spread Christianity?

the inquisition

all of the following statements regarding china from 1200-1450 are true except

the success of the individual was more important than the success of the community

The integration of West African states into wider regional and transregional economic networks in the period circa 1200-1450 was carried out mostly via the?

trans-Saharan trade routes

A historian would most likely interpret the rhetoric in the passage as evidence that rulers of imperial states in the period circa 1450-1750 continued to...

use religious ideas to highlight their political legitimacy and attack the legitimacy of their enemies.