History Midterm
Napoleon promoted all of the following reforms in Europe EXCEPT a. Abolition of slavery b. Religious tolerance c. New legal codes d. Social reofrms
a
The scientific method was all of the following EXCEPT a. reliant on the use of ancient authorities b. based on collecting and analyzing evidence c. crucial to the evolution of science d. a systematic procedure
a
"In colonial North America, slavery practices often varied due to an area's climate and geography. Because the South had a long growing season, farmers could make large profits by harvesting multiple times a year. By the mid-1700s, the Southern colonies had become very dependent on slavery. Southern landowners purchased more and more slaves to increase production in their tobacco, rice, cotton, sugar, and indigo fields. In the Northern colonies, there was a lower need for slaves; however, Northern businessmen still made large profits by investing in slave trade. Slaves that lived in the North often worked as household servants, skilled laborers, or as field hand on small farms." According to the passage, how were geography and slavery related? a. Geography influenced the types of crops grown, and the crops required different levels of labor b. People in the North didn't believe in using slaves for labor, while people in the South preferred slave labor c. People in the South didn't believe in using slaves for labor, while people in the North preferred slave labor d. The geography of Northern plantations required more labor than the geography of Southern plantations
a
All of the following are associated with the Renaissance EXCEPT a. interest in Greece and Roman styles b. greater interest in nature and things of this world. c. interest in classical models d. Gothic architecture
a
All of the follwing account for the Renaissance occuring first in Italy EXCEPT a. its unification and centralized monarchy able to promote the arts b. its location on major trade routes in the Mediterranean Sea c. its active culture in the city-states that attracted artists d. its proximity to the center of ancient classical culture
a
According to mercantilists, the prosperity of a nation depended on a. A large supply of gold, silver, and exporting of goods b. Conquering new territories and expanding the nation's intellectual resources c. Finding and maintaining a supply of cheap labor preferably slaves d. A healthy flow of coffee coming into the nation
a
According to the Ptolemaic system (geocentric) a. the universe is a series of concentric sphere with Earth fixed at the center. b. the moon is the center of the universe, and the Earth and stars revolve around the sun. c. The Earth revolves around the moon, and the moon revolves are the sun. d. the sun, Earth, and moon all revolve around Saturn.
a
After the Civil War, the Freedmen's Bureau was set up primarily to help which group of people? a. former slaves b. Northern factory workers c. Confederate veteran soldiers d. immigrants to the US
a
Before the French Revolution, the members of the Third Estate had a. A higher tax burden and little political power b. A voice in the government equal to that of the 1st and 2nd Estates c. Greater political influence than the clergy d. a smaller tax burden than the other Estates
a
Before the French and Indian War, how did Great Britain generally govern the 13 Colonies? a. The colonies elected the royal governors who ruled over them b. The colonies were mostly legislated by royal edicts from the king c. Great Britain practiced a policy of salutary neglect d. Great Britain told the colonies exactly what to do
a
Calling for a large supply of bullion (gold and silver) and exporting more goods than importing, _________________________ was the set of principles that dominated economic thought in the 17th century a. mercantilism b. commercial capitalism c. consumerism d. speculation
a
Calvin agreed with Luther on most important doctrines except a. predestination b. the leadership of the Catholic Church c. the process of becoming the Pope d. sale of indulgences
a
During the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism? a. value of the individual b. superiority of medieval thought c. devotion to religion d. inferiority of the Renaissance
a
In Western Europe, a major immediate effect of the Reformation was a a. decline in religious unity and in the power of the Catholic Church b. renewed domination of the Catholic Church over the German states c. greater tolerance of religions other than Christianity d. decrease in educational opportunities for the middle class
a
In the 1850s, why was the territory of Kansas known as "Bleeding Kansas"? a. There was violence between pro and anti slavery forces as they fought for control of the state b. Many settlers fought against each other in disputes over land c. Many slaves started to violently rebel against their owners d. The state had become lawless and there were no consequences for murder
a
Martin Luther's 95 Theses were a call for a. reforms within the Roman Catholic Church b. religious revolts against the Catholic Church c. greater papal authority d. crusades to spread Catholicism
a
Prior to the Civil War, many people thought the issue of slavery should be based on popular sovereignty which meant that... a. the people in a territory would vote to make slavery legal or illegal b. slavery would not be allowed in any state north of Missouri c. states with large populations would be allowed to have slavery d. members of Congress would vote on which states would allow slavery
a
The Committee of Public Safety was given broad powers to a. defend France from internal threats such as enemies of the Revolution b. to drain all the canals so that enemies could not escape c. restore the French monarchy d. protect the peasants from thieves
a
The English Bill of Rights is a document that a. limited the power of the monarch b. decreased the wealth of the nobles c. established England as an independent state d. intensified the conflict between church and state
a
The Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution contributed all the following innovations to the European world EXCEPT a. movable type b. heliocentrism c. Scientific Method d. the concept of the Social Contract
a
The Native American population of Mexico in 1492 has been estimated at 25 million; the population in 1608 has been estimated at 1.7 million. This decrease in population was mainly a result of a. Diseases introduced by the Spanish b. Wars between native groups c. Crop failures brought on by poor weather conditions d. Emigration of Native Americans to Europe and Asia
a
The Thirty Years' War a. All answer choices are correct b. was a religious struggle between Catholics and Protestants c. Involved most of the major states of Europe d. was an attempt by the princes of Germany to diminish the influence of the Holy Roman Empire
a
The belief in the divine right of kings is best described by which of the statements below? a. the idea that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God b. the belief that a king was granted the wisdom of God upon ascending to the throne and therefore was faultless c. the theory that kings alone could know the mind of God and therefore could determine the future through divination d. the concept that kings were equal to God and therefore did not have to live by the laws of the Church
a
The first English settlement in Jamestown, Virginia was established for which reason? a. Economic reasons b. Political freedom c. New land d. Religious freedom
a
The mercantilism that arose in sixteenth-century Europe a. sparked further rivalries among European nations b. slowed European colonial pursuits c. did not affect empires and populations outside Europe d. encouraged importation of foreign goods
a
Voting in the Estates General was conducted on the principle of a. each Estate received one vote b. all land-owning men were able to vote c. each member received one vote d. all men were able to vote
a
What did Abraham Lincoln state in the Emancipation Proclamation? a. He said all slaves in rebellious states were free b. He said all slaves in the border states were free c. He said all slaves were free d. He said all slaves in the Union were free
a
What did the passage of the 15th Amendment during the Reconstruction Era accomplish? a. It outlawed voting discrimination based on race b. It prohibited slavery in the US c. It blocked states from denying any citizen equal rights d. It barred discrimination in hiring procedures
a
What happened in 1877 that signified the official end of Reconstruction? a. Federal troops were withdrawn from the South b. There were blacks elected into office c. Blacks had achieved equality with whites. d. The Freedmen's Bureau ended that year
a
What impact did the Enlightenment have on colonial ideas about government? a. It advocated that governments have a responsibility to the people and that citizens have certain natural rights which no government can morally take away b. It taught colonists to remain loyal to their king and accept his authority c. It infuriated colonial leaders who had rejected the Enlightenment and preferred the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence d. It introduced new ideas about representative governments to the colonies that hadn't been heard of in England
a
What is the name given to laws that created a policy of "separate but equal" that meant blacks were segregated from whites? a. Jim Crow Laws b. Reconstruction Acts c. Plessy Laws d. Slave Codes
a
What was Niccolo Machivaelli's main argument in the work The Prince? a. A ruler should do whatever is necessary to maintain power b. A ruler should strive to maintain equality and fairness c. A ruler should follow all the teachings of the Catholic Church d. A ruler should make his subjects happy so they don't overthrow him
a
What was a main provision in the Fugitive Slave Act? a. Aiding runaway slaves was a crime b. Southerners could not pursue slaves up North c. Slaves were free if they made it up North d. The Underground Railroad was dismantled
a
What was the name of the Union strategy in which the Union wanted to blockade the Confederate coast and take control of the Mississippi River? a. Anaconda Plan b. March to the Sea c. Gettysburg Campaign d. Peninsula Campaign
a
What were the two most notable reasons for the Civil War? a. States' rights and slavery. b. Slavery and Congress c. Slavery and the Mason Dixon Line d. States's rights and Congress
a
Which Confederate general surrendered to the Union at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia on April 9th, 1865? a. Robert E. Lee b. Stonewall Jackson c. Jefferson Davis d. Ulysses S. Grant
a
Which battle marked the turning point of the war in the American's favor? a. Battle at Saratoga. b. Battle of Lexington and Concord c. Battle of Bunker Hill d. Battle at Yorktown
a
Which event of the American Revolution led to the closing of the Boston Harbor? a. Boston Tea Party b. Boston Massacre c. Intolerable Acts d. Townshend Act
a
Which event was when British soldiers killed 5 unarmed colonists and wounded several others? a. Boston Massacre. b. French/ Indian Massacre c. St. Valentine's Day Massacre d. Boston Tea Party
a
Which of the following Supreme Court cases decided that racial segregation in public places was constitutional? a. Brown vs. Board of Education b. Plessy vs. Ferguson c. Dred Scott vs. Sandford d. United States vs. Morrison
a
Which of the following does NOT accurately describe Martin Luther? a. He was an English reformer whose work led to the creation of the Church of England b. He wrote the 95 Theses which expressed concerns over the sale of indulgences c. He was a monk and professor of theology in Wittenberg, Germany d. He experienced a spiritual crisis that consumed him with the fear that he could never overcome his sins
a
Which of the following was NOT an effect of the Scientific Revolution? a. decrease in the interest in mathematics b. expansion of scientific knowledge c. emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature d. formulation of the scientific method
a
Which of the following was a major reason for the colonies decision to launch the revolution? a. taxation without representation; taking away of the colonists right to govern b. The French and Indian War c. their desire to how their own King in the "New World" d. Pressure from the French government
a
Which of the following was a result of the printing press? a. An abandonment of movable type technology b. the spreading of newly written words of the Magna Carta c. an increase in the use of Latin d. the writing of books in the vernacular (native language)
a
Which of the following was one of the effects of the Ottoman Empire taking over the trade routes that connected Europe with Asia? a. Europeans began looking for new sea routes to Asia b. Europeans began producing more goods to export to Asia c. Europeans were completely cut off from trading with Asia d. Traders from Asia began selling their goods directly to Europeans
a
Which part of the US Constitution is concerned with the rights of the individual? a. Bill of Rights b. Article 1, Section 6 c. Articles of Confederation d. Preamble
a
Which state was the first to secede from the Union? a. South Carolina b. Georgia c. North Carolina d. Virginia
a
Why was the Battle of Fort Sumter an important battle? a. It was the first shot of the Civil War b. The battled marked the midpoint of the war c. It was the first battle under General Grant's command d. The Union won their first victory here
a
Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in... a. changing the relationship between people and their government b. debating the role of the Church in society c. supporting the divine right theory d. promoting increased power for European monarchs
a
"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of... a. Montesquieu b. John Locke c. Charlemagne d. Adam Smith
b
An important result of the election of 1876 was the a. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson b. An official end to Reconstruction c. Creation of the Freedmen's Bureau d. Democrats regaining control of the Presidency
b
During the Civil War, photography best served what purpose? a. showing the errors made by individual soldiers b. revealing brutality of war to the common people back home c. documenting the dead so they could be identified d. analysis of battle strategies by generals
b
During the Renaissance, there was a rebirth of interest in the classical cultures of a. Spain and England b. Greece and Rome c. Greece and Turkey d. Morocco and Spain
b
Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Issac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on a. the experiences of past civilizations b. experimentation and observation c. emotions and feelings d. the teachings of the Catholic Church
b
Francis Bacon, an English philosopher, believed scientists should a. use deductive reasoning b. use inductive reasoning. c. use chance to study nature d. rely on the Bible
b
How did many escaped slaves flee to freedom in the North? a. Santa Fe Trail b. Underground Railroad c. Oregon Trail d. Trail of Tears
b
How were the French aristocracy taxed during the time of Louis XVI? a. They were taxed through sale taxes b. They were not taxed c. They were taxed in proportion to their landholdings d. They were taxed according to how much money they made
b
In Europe, a major characteristics of humanism was a. a rejection of ancient civilizations and their cultures b. an appreciation for the basic worth of individual achievement c. a belief in the supremacy of the state in relation to individual rights d. an emphasis on social control and obedience to national rulers
b
Issac Newton's claim to be called one of the founders of the scientific revolution is based on his a. demonstration that the planets move in an elliptical fashion around the Sun b. formulation of the law of gravity c. demonstration that larger objects do not fall faster than small ones d. invention of the telescope
b
Martin Luther's list of 95 Theses was largely written for which of the following reasons? a. Luther aimed to consolidate the power of religion and state into a single Saxon state b. Luther protested the use of Catholic indulgences as a means of controlling salvation and availability of the word of God to non-Latin speaking peoples c. Luther sought to organize the Germanic states into one unified political states d. Luther attempted to undermine the power of the Roman Catholic church and that of the pope
b
Mercantilism was an economic system developed by European countries in the 16th century. One of the basic principles of mercantilism was that a countries needed to have wealthy in order to have power. What role did slavery play in the mercantile system? a. Europeans found that slave labor was quite inefficient and not profitable b. Slave labor enabled European countries to earn huge profits on crops grown in the Americas c. Slave labor made it possible for industrialization to take place in Europe d. European countries spent all of their wealth on slaves and their power diminished
b
Millions of slaves were brought from Africa to North and South America to perform labor. Which of the following was one of the jobs that many slaves performed in the Americas? a. The worked for colonial armies b. The worked on plantations c. They worked as merchants d. They worked as indentured servants
b
Southern states began seceding from the Union shortly after which event? a. John Brown was considered a martyr in the North b. Lincoln was elected president of the US c. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation d. The Battle of Fort Sumter
b
The American and French Revolutions of the late eighteenth century were similar in all the following ways EXCEPT a. they produced important documents defining similar natural rights b. they advocated universal male suffrage c. they were initiated by issues of taxation d. they were based on Enlightenment principle
b
The Declaration of Independence has had a major influence on people throughout the world because it a. guarantees universal suffrage b. provides justification for revolting against unjust governments c. describes the importance of a strong central government d. establishes basic laws for every nation
b
The French people supported Napoleon Bonaparte because they hoped he would a. end the Reign of Terror b. provide stability to France c. feed the starving peasants d. crack down on the Catholic Church
b
The King of France at the time of the Revolution was a. Louis XVIII b. Louis XVI c. Louis XIV d. Louis XVII
b
The development and application of the scientific method was a critical step during the Scientific Revolution because a. none of the answers are correct b. it required experimental or mathematical proof, rather than just reason, for validations and acceptance c. it validated previous approaches by using pure reason d. it allowed European scientists to follow a common approach or convention with scientists in China and Middle East
b
The final decrees of the Council of Trent a. said that Christians should emulate Christ in their actions. b. reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs c. was meaningless because its practices were never put into practice d. empowered the Jesuits to find heretics, including anyone who was Protestant
b
The first anti-imperial and colonial freedom revolution in modern world history was the a. Cuban Revolution b. American Revolution c. French Revolution d. Haitian Revolution
b
The frescoes painted by _____________________ have long been regarded as the first masterpieces of early Renaissance art. a. Michelangelo b. da Vinci c. Raphael d. Donatello
b
The phrase "Renaissance Man" has been used to describe Leonardo da Vinci. Why is this phrase used to describe him? a. Leonardo da Vinci was a outspoken critic of the new ideas developed during the Renaissance b. Leonardo da Vinci had a wide knowledge of many subjects and had diverse talents c. Leonardo da Vinci was the first person born in the Renaissance d. Leonardo da Vinci started a university and training many famous artists
b
The publication of Martin Luther's 95 Theses a. was immediately seen as a threat by local businesses b. attacked the abuses in the sale of indulgences, beginning the Protestant Reformation c. was largely ignored until decades after Luther's death d. became a central text for Anglicanism
b
The writers and philosophers of the Enlightenment believed the government decision should be based on... a. traditional values b. laws of nature and reason c. the divine right of kings d. fundamental religious beliefs
b
Thinkers during the Age of Reason challenged the established social order by... a. calling for an end to government b. calling for a just society based on reason c. calling for peasants to rebel against an unfair government d. calling for rulers to assert their power
b
What drew the French to North America during the early part of the 17th century? a. timber b. fur c. gold d. land
b
What is one advantage the South had over the North? a. railroad b. leadership c. population d. weapons
b
What is popular sovereignty? a. the will of the president b. the will of the majority c. the will of the minority d. the will of the government
b
What was a major characteristic of the Renaissance? a. Obedience b. Humanism c. Conformity d. Mysticism
b
What was significant about the Battle of Yorktown? a. It was the turning point of the war for the South b. General Cornwallis surrendered to the colonists c. It's the first battle of the American Revolution d. It was when the colonists proved they could win the war and the French began helping the colonists
b
What was the March on Versailles? a. When Louis XVI's own army turned against him and threatened to execute him b. When thousands of armed Parisian women attacked the palace and captured Louis and his family c. Louis's failed attempt to escape to Poland d. When Louis was forced to march from Versailles to Paris to be executed
b
Which of the following best describes the English Reformation? a. The English Reformation instituted changes in the Catholic Church to make provisions requiring Catholic services to be conducted in English rather than Latin b. The English Reformation was initiated due to personal reasons of one leader and continued by another leader in attempt to return England to the Christian faith c. The English Reformation was an attempt to educate the English people in the Latin language so that they could under the Latin Catholic services d. The English Reformation was initiated by the Jesuits and sanctioned by the Catholic Church in an effort to oppose the Protestant Reformation
b
Which of the following is a product of Peter the Great's reign? a. Russia emerging as the world power b. The building on a warm water port c. The reemergence of medieval Russian culture d. The spread of Eastern European culture
b
Which of the following statements describes the type of government which existed in Florence during the Renaissance? a. It was a small Italian town ruled by the king of Italy in Rome b. It was a city-state ruled by the Medici family c. It was completely under the control of the Catholic Church d. It was the capital of Italy and had a large bureaucracy
b
Which of the following statements is true about the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution and their impact after the Reconstruction Era ended? a. These amendments split the country, with only Southern states obeying the amendments make blacks completely equal b. These amendments were basically ignored by the South and did not contribute to the equal status of blacks until the middle of the 20th century c. These amendments were effective tools that allowed black Southern citizens to integrate into the industrial economy of the late 1800s d. These amendments improved the lives of most blacks in the South during the post-Reconstruction Era by providing land to former slaves
b
Which of the following was a contributing factor to the French Revolution? a. Napoleon Bonaparte's autocratic rule caused peasants to revolt b. The middle class wanted better political representation c. Enlightenment thinkers supported the concept of an absolute monarchy d. The Protestant clergy hoped to depose a Catholic monarch
b
Which of the following was not a cause of the French Revolution? a. The French admired the American success b. The clergy was Catholicism on the peasants c. The 3rd Estate's desire for everyone to be taxed d. The bourgeoisie believed in the idea of natural rights and reason
b
Which statement best describes how members of the Ku Klux Klan felt about the fact that blacks had the right to vote? a. They opposed the right of blacks to vote but took no actions against them b. They used threats and violence in order to prevent blacks from voting c. They supported efforts to give blacks the right to vote d. They actively encouraged blacks to vote in elections
b
Which statement reflects an argument of Enlightenment philosophers against the belief in the divine right of kings? a. god has chosen all government rulers b. the power of government is derived from the governed c. independence is built by military force d. a capitalist system is necessary for democracy
b
Which was the most signficant effect of the European Enlightenment period? a. it led to a revival of the practices of absolutism b. it provided the intellectual spark for the American and French Revolutions c. It forced the individual to recognize that God is supremely powerful d. it marked an end to humanism that had developed during the Renaissance
b
Who helped found Pennsylvania as a colony for the Quakers? a. John Smith b. William Penn c. William Rolfe d. John Winthrop
b
Who was Marquis de Lafayette? a. An English spy b. A French general helping the colonies c. A British intelligence officer d. A French spy, working for Great Britain
b
Who was in the Second Estate? a. Bourgeoisie b. Nobility c. Peasants d. Clergy
b
Who was the first person killed in the Boston Massacre? a. Crispen Attacks b. Crispus Attucks c. Samuel Adams d. Paul Revere
b
"If people do not agree with the government then the people have the right to rebel or demand change." Which idea is this statement most closely related to? a. Laissze-Faire b. Protection of private property c. Social Contract d. System of checks and balances
c
"The different ways in which the Spanish, French, and English explored and colonized the Americas reflect their differing perceptions of the regions. Spanish explorers were enticed to search for legendary cities such as El Dorado, where the streets were said to be paved with gold, and the Seven Cities of Cibola, which allegedly held enormous treasures... French explorers, however, looked at North America as a place where fortunes could be made from the fur trade. Settlements were temporary hunting communities, quite different from English farming colonies, where families migrated to start a new life in a new land." According to the passage, how did Spanish goals in the Americas differ from the English? a. The Spanish migrated south looking for hunting grounds b. The Spanish established farming colonies to have products to import c. The Spanish sought riches and treasures d. The Spanish established permanent settlements to control the maximum amount of geography
c
Adam Smith believed in laissez-faire, by which he meant that a. the state should monitor the economy and impose regulations to keep it healthy b. those who are able to work should help to support those who cannot work c. the state should not regulate the economy d. the assets of the rich should be taken
c
As a consequence of the English Glorious Revolution of 1688 a. Oliver Cromwell was overthrown b. Anglicanism was proclaimed the faith of the state c. the monarchy lost a great deal of power d. Charles I was executed
c
In 1789, King Louis XVI summoned the Estates General to a. Increase the influence of the 3rd Estate b. Increase the influence of the clergy c. Raise taxes to pay off growing debt d. Protect the privileges of the 1st and 2nd Estates
c
In an attempt to create a new order that eliminated the role of the Church in people's lives, Robespierre a. publicly executed all members of the Church b. declared that the 1st Estate now had to pay taxes c. pursued a policy to de-Christianize, going so far to adopt a new weekly and yearly calendar d. draft another Constitution that declared the Divine Right of Kings was invalid
c
In spite of federal law, southern states passed their own laws aimed to prevent blacks from voting. First, poll taxes and literacy tests were required in order to vote. Later, states began passing "grandfather clauses". Why were grandfather clauses enacted? a. Blacks advocated for the use of grandfather clauses b. Southerners realized that literacy tests and poll taxes were unfair to poor people c. The use of literacy tests and poll taxes had prevented whites from voting d. Grandfather clauses were a fair way to decide who had the right to vote
c
In the social contract, Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued all of the following EXCEPT a. living according to religious principles is the essence of freedom b. in a rational society, individuals subject themselves to the rule of law c. all men are inherently equal d. legislative power belongs to the people
c
In which 1864 battle did General William T. Sherman defeat a major southern city and then begin his famous March to the Sea? a. Siege of Savannah b. Battle of Columbia c. Battle of Atlanta d. Battle of Vicksburg
c
Lincoln was able to win the Presidential Election mainly because a. abolitionists had become the majority of society b. the Democratic party had split into 2 c. free blacks in the North supported him d. the Republican party had split into 2
c
Louis XIV did which of the following to provide better protection for him to reduce the influence of the aristocracy? a. Built the Bastille b. Increased the number of soldiers stationed in Paris c. Moved the government from Paris to Versailles. d. Introduced religious instruction in the Parisian public schools
c
Luther believed that a. the Bible had been mistranslated by the Greek Christians b. good deeds were necessary for salvation c. salvation could be achieved through faith alone d. the Pope was the sole religious authority
c
Many European monarchs of the 1600s maintained that they should have absolute power to rule because they a. needed to defend their nations from threats from the Western Hemisphere b. thought that all people should have the right to a good ruler c. had been given their power to govern from God d. thought that communism was the superior political system
c
Many people living in North and South American today speak European languages. Spanish is spoken in places such as Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Portuguese is spoken in Brazil. This is an example of how... a. people who speak the same language have the same standard of living b. people in North and South America are still under the control of European nations c. European culture has influenced culture in North and South America d. all people who speak the same language have the same political beliefs
c
Montesquieu's most lasting contribution to political thought was his... a. identification of the natural laws that governed human society b. idea that punishments must be brutal to be effective c. analysis of the governmental system of checks and balances d. theory that the government should interfere with religious matters
c
One reason the Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Aztec and Inca Empires so rapidly is that a. The Aztecs and Incas joined together to fight the Spanish b. The Spanish greatly outnumbered the Aztecs and Incas c. The Spanish had better weapons than the Aztecs and Incas did d. These empires had no standing armies
c
The Gettysburg Address was a speech given by Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. What was the significance of the location of Gettysburg? a. The Civil War began there when Confederate troops fired on Union soldiers b. Gettysburg had been a part of the Confederacy and the Union had taken it over c. Several months earlier, one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War occurred there d. It was the furthest south the Union army ever fought during the Civil War
c
The Louisiana Purchase is an example of how the political geography of North America was changed by a. the American Revolution b. the Mexican-American War c. the Napoleonic Wars d. the Civil War
c
The Scientific Revolution challenged Christianity because... a. it proved God did not exist b. it proved the Resurrection never took place c. it undermined the literal interpretation of the Bible. d. it questioned the Pope's ability to know all
c
The first shots of the Revolutionary War were fired at a. Fort Sumter b. Saratoga c. Lexington and Concord d. Yorktown
c
The ideas of ________________________ can be found in the American Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. a. Adam Smith b. John Calvin c. John Locke d. Rousseau
c
The major problem facing the French monarchy before the French Revolution was a. hostile relations with the Catholic Church b. yearly peasant revolts c. near bankruptcy d. the Estates General insisting to vote on taxation
c
The traditional example of 17th century absolutism has been the rule of a. Ivan the Terrible b. Louis XVI c. Louis XIV d. Peter the Great
c
What happened to Napoleon after he lost his first military campaign? a. He was replaced by Louis XVII b. He was killed c. He was exiled d. He was replaced by the Directory
c
What is absolutism? a. the idea that the government has total power and is split between several people b. the belief that all citizens within a state must conform to one religion c. a system of government in which a ruler holds total power d. the practice by monarchs of undergoing daily absolution to keep states free from the burden of sin
c
What is the most importance difference between the Ptolemaic system (geocentric) and the Copernican system (heliocentric)? a. the position of Jupiter b. the position of fixed stars c. the celestial body at the center of the universe d. the position of moon
c
What major impact did the Protestant Reformation have on the Catholic Church a. It closed the door for the development of further religious reformations b. It reinforced England's relationship with the Catholic Church c. It challenged Catholic traditions, forcing people to reassess the Catholic religion d. It provided an avenue for the Catholic Church to grow more powerful
c
What was one advantage the North had over the South before the Civil War? a. leadership b. knowledge of the land c. population d. crops
c
What was significant about the outcome of the Battle of Saratoga? a. American colonists failed to defeat the British b. George Washington was killed c. American colonists proved they could hold their own and gained the French as an ally d. It was the final battle of the Revolution
c
What was the Peace of Augsburg? a. Allowed people to decide if their people would follow Protestantism or Catholicism b. Allowed people to decide between Protestantism or Calvinism c. Allowed the Princes to decide if their people would follow Protestantism or Catholicism d. Allowed people to decide between Catholicism or Calvinism
c
What was the significance of the "shot heard 'round the world"? a. It began the Civil War in the US b. It began the French Revolution c. It was a single gun fire that began the first democratic revolution d. It was a single gun fire that ended the first democratic revolution
c
Which amendment abolished slavery in the US? a. 15th Amendment b. 16th Amendment c. 13th Amendment d. 14th Amendment
c
Which amendment said that citizens may not be prevented from voting because of race or previous status as a slave a. 14th Amendment b. 16th Amendment c. 15th Amendment d. 13th Amendment
c
Between 1629 and 1639, Charles I of England tried to obtain revenue by all of the following means EXCEPT a. Forced loans b. Income from the crown lands c. The levying of ship money d. Taxes approved by Parliament
d
Which event took place less than a week after the Confederate surrender? a. The 13th Amendment was ratified b. President Lincoln was re-elected to his second term c. President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth d. Vice President Johnson was attacked in an assassination plot
c
Which geographical region in colonial North America was best known for its cold climate, manufacturing, and strong Puritan population? a. Southern colonies b. Back-country c. New England colonies d. Mid-Atlantic colonies
c
Which geographical region in colonial North America was best known for its focus on agriculture? a. Middle colonies b. New England colonies c. Southern colonies d. Mid-Atlantic colonies
c
Which group suffered the greatest loss of authority as absolute monarchy took hold in the West beginning in the 17th century? a. merchants b. peasants c. aristocrats/ nobility d. artisans
c
Which is the best way to describe Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate? a. absolute monarchy b. democracy c. military dictatorship d. parliamentary democracy
c
Which of the French estates was NOT exempt from the taille (tax)? a. 4th Estate b. 1st Estate c. 3rd Estate d. 2nd Estate
c
Which of the following American documents most likely had the greatest impact on the French Revolution? a. US Constitution b. Articles of Confederation c. Declaration of Independence d. 1st Amendment
c
Which of the following best describes Henry VIII's motives for his break from the Catholic Church? a. Henry's aggressive foreign policy in Italy led to his excommunication b. Henry had been deeply influenced by Lutheran theology c. Henry wished to control the church but leave doctrine similar to its existing nature d. Thomas More had convinced Henry of the political advantages of such a break
c
Which of the following describes the Great Fear? a. When peasants revolted against their feudal landlords b. The period where France's economic situation was dire c. When Robespierre killed nearly 40,000 people for being against the Revolution d. When the Directory was in power
c
Which of the following is one of the reasons why so many slaves were brought from Africa to be used on plantations in North and South America? a. Slaves were the only people capable of working on plantations b. There were not any jobs in Africa for slaves to perform c. There were not enough people to work on the plantations in the Americas d. Slaves were the most dedicated workers on the plantations
c
Which of the following was a cause of the American Revolution? a. England's forced abolition of slavery in the American South b. Restrictions on universal male suffrage c. Misrepresentation in Parliament and unfair taxation. d. The British loss of territory during the French and Indian War
c
Which of the following was a factor in the rise of Napoleon? a. Robespierre's Reign of Terror b. The corrupt nature of the Paris Commune c. Political instability of the Directory d. Fall of the Jacobin government
c
Which of the following was a result of the Protestant Reformation? a. Increased power of the Catholic Church b. The dominance of the Anglican Church in Rome c. Division between religious sects d. A complete restructuring of the Catholic Church hierarchy
c
Which of the following was the most important new technology to contribute to the Protestant Reformation? a. The steam engine b. Trains c. The printing press d. The spinning jenny
c
Which statement best describes the Confederate economy? a. The Confederate economy was primarily based on the cattle industry b. The Confederate economy was evenly split between agriculture and manufacturing c. The Confederate economy was primarily agricultural d. The Confederate economy was primarily based on the manufacturing industry
c
Which statement is true regarding the US directly after Reconstruction? a. The amount of lynchings decreased throughout the country b. The KKK no longer existed in the South c. The attempt at improving the status of blacks in America had failed d. Blacks finally received equal treatment
c
After Southern states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America, whom did they choose to become president of the Confederacy? a. Robert E. Lee b. P.G.T. Beauregard c. Stonewall Jackson d. Jefferson Davis
d
After the Civil War, many free slaves did not have enough money to purchase their own farms, so they worked on farms owned by other people. They rented the land and paid for it with the crops they grew. These people were known by what name? a. homesteaders b. indentured servants c. scalawags d. sharecroppers
d
All of the following describe the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT a. it strove to describe the nature of the universe b. it believed in the overall goodness of humanity c. it emphasized the importance of empirical research d. it was violently suppressed in England
d
All of the following inspired the French Revolution EXCEPT... a. The American success in opposing British royal power b. Heavy taxation by the crown c. Enlightenment philosophy about human rights d. A passive peasantry
d
A major concept promoted by philosophers of the Enlightenment was the need for... a. strengthening the power of the organized religions b. overseas expansion by western European nations c. a return to traditional medieval ideas d. the use of reason for rational and logical thinking
d
A major result of the Age of Exploration was a. Extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia b. A long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of Western Europe c. The fall of European national monarchies and the end of the power of the Catholic Church d. The end of regional isolation and the beginning of a period of European global domination
d
Enlightenment philosophy was a threat to European monarchies because it... a. supported state-run education b. supported the authority of the Pope c. pushed for the overthrow of the capitalist system d. suggested the idea of individual liberty and rights
d
For Rousseau, what was the main source of inequality and the chief cause of crime? a. philosophical knowledge b. religion c. education d. private property
d
How did the Reformation affect exploration and settlement in North America? a. Rivalries between European nations limited travel to America b. Disputes within the Orthodox church led people to seek refuge in America c. Companies were formed to acquire and establish colonies d. Protestant groups established colonies seeking religious freedom
d
In Jean-Jacques Rousseau's concept of a social contract... a. women should be granted rights nearly equal to those of men b. the government should not interfere in economic matters c. punishments are not exercises in brutality, and capital punishment is discarded d. an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will
d
In the Russian campaign of 1812, Napoleon was faced with which Russian tactic? a. Castling b. Guerrilla warfare c. Divide and conquer d. Scorched-earth policy
d
Leaders of the South asserted which of the following in the years leading up to the Civil War? a. right to sue the federal government b. abolition c. popular sovereignty d. states' rights
d
Louis XIV maintained complete authority as monarch by a. executing the previous monarch's entire family b. maintaining a network of spies to find conspirators against him c. bestowing lavish riches on anyone who supported his right to rule d. distracting the nobles and royal princes with court life to keep them out of politics
d
Peter the Great forced Russians to accept social reforms that would make their culture more like a. Eastern Europeans b. Ottoman Turks c. Chinese d. Western Europeans
d
Promotion within Napoleon's new bureaucracy was a. based on social status b. designed to keep the middle class from obtaining positions of power c. given to people Napoleon favored, but taken away from them as soon as they fell out of favor d. based on merit, not rank or birth status
d
Slave Dred Scott sued for his freedom on the basis that his owner had taken him to live in a free state and then a free territory. His case was argued in front of the Supreme Court in 1857. What was the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott vs. Sandford case? a. The court ruled that Dred Scott should be freed because he had been taken to areas in which slavery was illegal. b. The court ruled that Dred Scott should be freed because slavery was unconstitutional. c. The court ruled that Dred Scott should not be freed because he could not prove that he had been taken into a free state. d. The court ruled that Dred Scott was the property of his owner and that the owner's rights were protected by the Constitution, therefore Dred Scott would not be freed.
d
The Election of 1860 is considered on of the causes for the American Civil War. Why was this? a. Slavery was the only issue discussed b. Stephen Douglas was elected c. The democrats won the presidency d. Abraham Lincoln was elected
d
The English Bill of Rights recognized by William and Mary a. openly allowed Roman Catholics to occupy the English throne b. limited the monarchy's power and guaranteed civil liberties to England's privileged classes c. limited Parliamentary powers d. limited the monarchy's power and guaranteed civil liberties to all English citizens
d
The French National Assembly swore the Tennis Court Oath, which was a. a promise not to rest until the nobility had been put on trial for treason b. a promise to destroy the Bastille for weapons c. a vow to overthrow Louis XVI d. a vow to continue to meet until they had produced a French constitution
d
The High Renaissance in Italy is associated with which 3 artists? a. Raphael, Donatello, and Medici b. Masaccio, Donatello, Filippo Brunelleschi c. Leonardo da Vinci, Jan van Eyck, and Albrecht Durer d. Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo
d
The legal segregation of races was a result of a. Homestead Act b. Chinese Exclusion Act c. Dawes Act d. Jim Crow Laws
d
The writers of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe encouraged later political revolution with their support of... a. the Bill of Rights b. the divine right of kings c. socialism d. the natural rights of man
d
What was the difference between French and English settlements? a. French settlements supported explorers looking for gold b. French settlements consisted of large families c. French settlements were always surrounded by farm land d. French settlements were temporary
d
What was the significance of the Treaty of Paris of 1783? a. The US acquired all British territories in North America b. The US bought the Louisiana Territory from France c. France and Great Britain created an unlikely alliance in order to defeat the Americans d. It officially ended the American Revolution and Great Britain recognized American independence
d
Which best describes the Enlightenment's impact on democracy? a. The Enlightenment was not widely seen throughout the world and therefore had little impact on democracies b. The Enlightenment encouraged the idea that the richest people deserved more power c. Enlightenment ideals caused the downfall of some democracies d. The Enlightenment inspired democratic ideas about the rights of man
d
Which book was written about slavery and contributed to the anti-slavery movement? a. The Scarlet Letter b. Our American Cousins c. Walden d. Uncle Tom's Cabin
d
Which fundamental political idea is expressed in the Declaration of Independence? a. The central and state government should have equal power b. The government should guarantee every citizen economic security c. The central government should be stronger than any other form of government d. If the government denies people certain basic rights, it can be overthrown
d
Which of Napoleon's actions most contributed to his defeat? a. the introduction of new legal codes b. the invasion of Austria c. the Reign of Terror d. the invasion of Russia
d
Which of the following BEST summarizes why the 3rd Estate stormed the Bastille? a. to execute the King b. to free 100s of prisoners from the jail c. the get oil to supply their families and keep them warm d. to get valuable gunpowder and ammunition
d
Which of the following is a true statement about European peasants during the Enlightenment? a. Their lives changed greatly.. b. The Enlightenment had little effect on their life. c. They acquired material wealth. d. Most moved to cities.
d
Which of the following was one of the terms the Compromise of 1850 that was strongly supported by the South? a. California entered as a slave state b. There was a clause that guaranteed slavery would be legal in existing slave states for the next 20 years c. Southern states would receive more representation in Congress d. There was a strengthened fugitive slave law to help with the capture of escaped slaves
d
Which statement BEST describes the Battle of Antietam? a. It was the first major battle on Union soil and the bloodiest day in US battle history b. It was fought in the South and became a turning point of the war c. It was the first major battle on Confederate soil and the bloodiest battle of the Civil War d. It was the last major battle of the Civil War involving General Robert E. Lee
d
Which statement best describes a change that occurred during both the Renaissance and the Enlightenment? a. technology and science were considered unimportant b. the use of reason and logic were discouraged c. the Church gained more power d. a new questioning spirit and attitude emerged
d
Which statement best describes a characteristic of the Renaissance in Europe? a. social structure became very rigid b. humanism decreased in social importance c. the political system looked similar to that of the Roman Empire d. creativity in the arts was encouraged
d
Who went on horse-back warning the Americans that the British were coming to Lexington and Concord? a. Sam Adams b. Marquis de Lafayette c. George Washington d. Paul Revere
d
Why was the defeat at Vicksburg a significant loss for the Confederate Army? a. Great Britain refused to support the Confederacy after the defeat b. The Confederacy stopped receiving financial aid from other countries c. It allowed the Union Army to have total control of the Ohio River d. It allowed the Union Army to have total control of the Mississippi River
d
