history quiz 2

Peace of Augsburg

1555 Each german prince would decide which religion would be followed in his land First permanent legal basis for the coexistence of lutheranism and catholicism in germany ended the conflict between catholics and lutherans in germany

Printing Press

15th century invention which revolutionized the ability to print information which in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself The printing press facilitated the spread of the 95 theses

Council of Trent

A council of the roman catholic church it was prompted by the protestant reformation agreed on doctrines that the protestants criticized They agreed on different decisions regarding the church

Edict of Worms

A decree issued by HRE charles V in 1521 stated that banned the writing of Luther labeling him a heretic and enemy of the state

jesuits

A member of the society of jesus, a roman catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of loyola Ignatius gathered followers who focused on founding schools, covert non christians to catholicism, and to stop the spread of protestantism

Catholic Reformation

A movement in which the roman catholic church sought to make changes in response to the protestant reformation Helped catholics remain loyal counter force to protestantism The desire to reform within the catholic church had started before luther

Lutheran

A protestant religion that was inspired by Martin Luther's beliefs Broke away from catholicism Believe that humans are saved from their sins by grace alone

Elizabeth I

Daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII Henry wanted a son Her reign was an era of peace and prosperity The arts started to blossom

Mary Tudor

Daughter of Henry and Catherine She was a devoted catholic and burned protestants at the stake She aggressively attempted to reverse the english reformation which had begun during the reign of her father After she died the throne was passed to Elizabeth

Martin Luther

German monk who was not happy with the Church selling indulgences. He wrote the 95 theses which were arguments about why he didn't agree with the selling of indulgences. The church told Luther to recant and he wouldn't so he was excommunicated. Charles V the HRE summoned Luther to the diet of worms and ordered luther to give up. Luther refused and Charles V declared him an outlaw. He challenged the absolute power of the pope over the church by questioning the sale of indulgences He is significant because his writings fractionalized the Catholic Church and sparked the Protestant Reformation

HRE Charles V

HRE who summoned Luther to the diet of worms in 1521 which was an imperial council that convened to decide the faith of Luther Declared Luther an outlaw

Henry VIII

He believed a male heir was key to the future stability of England In love with Anne Boleyn and wanted to marry her and possibly have a son Since catholicism does not grant divorces, henry asked for annulment Breaks with church and angry henry decided to break with catholic church Decided to take over the english catholic church Parliament passed laws that took the church from the popes control and put it under henry's control Marries anne boleyn and had Elizabeth I Many catholics refused to accept the new church and were executed for treason Closed down monasteries and convents and confiscated their land and wealth

Catherine of Aragon

Henry VIII's first wife Their marriage was annulled by Thomas Cranmer after Henry decided he wanted to marry Anne Boleyn

Anne Boleyn

Henry's second wife Broke off relations with church in order to get first marriage annulled in order to marry anne boleyn Henry breaking with the church began the english reformation

Pope Leo X

Renaissance pope Excommunicated Luther in 1521 and was later called to defend his beliefs to Charles V Luther's excommunication marks the beginning of the reformation

Seminaries

Seminaries A college that prepares students to be priests, rabbis, ministers Taught priests about the bible

Edward VI

Son of Henry VIII England's first monarch to be raised as a protestant His advisors were all Protestant and wanted to make england a protestant country After he died throne was passed to Mary

Indulgence

The Roman Catholic Church granted full or partial remission of the punishment of sin Abuse of indulgences was a primary cause of the Protestant Reformation Martin Luther did not think that this was fair because salvation shouldn't be bought, he wrote the 95 Theses arguing against this

annul

To declare invalid (usually an official agreement) Henry wanted an annulment from Catherine because he was in love with Anne Boleyn and wanted a son

Recant

To say that one no longer holds an opinion or belief. Church asked Luther to recant after he wrote the 95 Theses and he refused

95 Theses

Written by Luther in 1517 Nailed to door of Wittenberg Cathedral Document about the Church's selling of indulgences to absolve sin and how it was wrong The bible is central religious authority Humans may only reach salvation by faith and not deeds Became the foundation of the Protestant Reformation

Index of Forbidden Books

Written by Pope Paul IV as part of the Counter-Reformation. It forbade Catholics from reading books considered "harmful" to faith and morals.List of books that catholics couldnt read Stop the spread of Protestantism

Missionaries

a person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country Jesuits were missionaries that wanted to stop the spread of protestant

Act of Supremacy

an act passed by the parliament of England The first one declared Henry VIII as the supreme head of church after the pope denied him an annulment