history quiz 3

Constantine

Emperor of Rome who adopted Christianity as the primary religion of Rome

Nerva

First of the "Good Emperors"

What were the implications of a religion that stated God favored the poor?

It created fear among the elite

What was most impressive about ancient Rome? -The characteristics of its republic -The size of its empire -The duration of its empire -ts influence on defining European culture -Something else

Its influence on defining European culture

What did the Romans not value highly?

Passio - persue one's passion

Titus

Second Flavian emperor, 79-81 C.E.

Trajan

Second good emperor, extended the outreach of the empire

What were the characteristics of the Batavians?

The Batavi were an ancient Germanic tribe that lived around the modern Dutch Rhine

How did the Germans treat those who were dishonored in battle?

To throw away one's shield is the supreme disgrace, and the man who has thus dishonoured himself is debarred from attendance at sacrifice or assembly. Many such survivors from the battlefield have ended their shame by hanging themselve

How did the impoverishment of the middle class destabilize the Roman Republic? -It reduced the pool of citizen-soldiers, -It decreased the size and scope of the patron-client networks. -It increased the number of desperate people in Rome, thereby rendering political conflicts more volatile. -It allowed very wealthy military commanders to form armies that were loyal to them instead of the republic. -All of the above

all of the above

What did Tacitus have to say about the Germans? They lived in a cold harsh climate. They had little interest in gold and silver. They did not tolerate adultery. They allowed a large group of free warriors to make the big decisions.

all of the above

Which of following was not true about Tacitus?

He wrote his works about 50 BCE.

What did Tacitus admire about Agricola

His drive to succeed at any cost

Which of the following is most significant about Rome's alleged founder? -His father was the war god, Mars, who raped his mother, Aemilia, a vestal virgin. -He was raised by a she-wolf, a lupa -He killed his brother, Remus -He invited the neighbors over, killed the men and raped the women -None of these; it was just a myth.

His father was the war god, Mars, who raped his mother, Aemilia, a vestal virgin.

Which sect of Judaism had the most direct impact on the teachings of Jesus?

Pharisees

Punic Wars

- A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean. -The First Punic War broke out in Sicily in 264 BC as a result of Rome's expansionary attitude combined with Carthage's proprietary approach to the island. -all three wars were won by Rome

Why and how did the Roman republic collapse into civil wars after three hundred years of stability?

- romans were less loyal to the state and more loyal to the generals.

First Punic War

-263-241 BCE, rome and Carthage fought over Sicily, rome won

Edict of Milan

-313 CE Constantine makes Christianity the primary religion of the Roman Empire -The Edict of Milan was the February AD 313 agreement to treat Christians benevolently within the Roman Empire. -placed symbols on shields

Why did Diocletian establish the Tetrarchy?

-After the deaths of Carus and his son Numerian on campaign in Persia, Diocletian was proclaimed emperor. ... Under this "tetrarchy," or "rule of four," each emperor would rule over a quarter-division of the empire. Diocletian further secured the empire's borders and purged it of all threats to his power.

plebeians

-All non-land-owning, free men in Ancient Rome -common people lower class -The plebeians, also called plebs, were, in ancient Rome, the general body of free Roman citizens who were not patricians, as determined by the census, or in other words "commoners".

Augustus

-First Julio-Claudian of Rome (27 BCE-14 CE), restored prosperity to Rome, grandnephew of Julius Caesar

who were the 5 good empires

-Five Good Emperors, the ancient Roman imperial succession of Nerva (reigned 96-98 ce), Trajan (98-117), Hadrian (117-138), Antoninus Pius (138-161), and Marcus Aurelius(161-180), who presided over the most majestic days of the Roman Empire. It was not a bloodline. -Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus pius, marcus Aurelius

Paul of Tarsus

-Paul the Apostle, commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Hebrew name Saul of Tarsus, was an apostle who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world -wrote 13 out of 26 books in new testament -spreads Christianity eastern Greece to Rome

Explain the impact of the Punic Wars on the social and economic conditions of the Roman republic.

-Punic Wars lead to an expansion in land, and wealth going to fewer people -led the gracchi brothers to redistribute the land -The loss of territory drained Roman funds. Payments to the army bankrupted the Romans. The end of slave labor cost farmers greatly. The conquests brought great power and wealth to the Romans.

Pax Romana

-Roman Peace overall peace dispose wars and conflicts still brewing within rome -The Pax Romana is a roughly 200-year-long period in Roman history which is identified with increased and sustained inner hegemonial peace and stability.

Twelve Tables

-Rome's first code of laws; adopted in 450 B.C. -The Law of the Twelve Tables was the legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law. The Tables consolidated earlier traditions into an enduring set of laws. Displayed in the Forum, "The Twelve Tables" stated the rights and duties of the Roman citizen.

Romulus

-Romulus was the legendary founder and first king of Rome. Various traditions attribute the establishment of many of Rome's oldest legal, political, religious, and social institutions to Romulus and his contemporaries -He was deified as the god Quirinus - Romulus killed remus

Tiberius

-Second Julio-Claudian of Rome (42 BC-AD 37), son-in-law of Augustus who became a suspicious tyrannical Emperor of Rome after a brilliant military career

consuls

-The consuls were the chairmen of the Senate, which served as a board of advisers. -executive branch -In times of crisis picked patrian class - the two most powerful officials in rome

tetrarchy

-The division of Herod the Great's kingdom among his four sons. -the system of government of the ancient Roman Empire instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293, marking the end of the Crisis of the Third Century and the recovery of the Roman Empire. -Emperor Diocletian's division of the Roman Empire into four seperate administrative districts

Julio-Claudians

-The first imperial dynasty of five emperors of Rome -Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero -The Julio-Claudians were the first dynasty to rule the Roman Empire. After the death of the dictator-for-life Julius Caesar in 44 BCE, his adopted son Octavian - later to become known as Augustus

Nicene Creed

-The formal statement or profession of faith commonly recited during the Eucharist. -We believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible. -The Nicene Creed is a statement of belief widely used in Christian liturgy. It is called Nicene because it was originally adopted in the city of Nicaea by the First Council of Nicaea in 325.

mos maiorum

-The mos maiorum is the unwritten code from which the ancient Romans derived their social norms.

patricians

-The wealthy, hereditary aristocrats during the Roman era. -The patricians were originally a group of ruling class families in ancient Rome. The distinction was highly significant in the Roman Kingdom, and the early Republic, but its relevance waned after the Conflict of the Orders

Gracchi

-Two brothers, Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius, who tried to redistribute land to small farmers -The main purpose of the Gracchi's reforms was to redistribute land allocations held by the wealthy elite.

Pontifex Maximus

-chief priest -highest priest of rome -appeased gods to maintain peace -watched the flight patterns of birds -appoints dictator

How did the myth of Romulus convey concerns about the character of Rome's founder, and how were these concerns related to the development of the political culture of the Roman Republic?

-everyone was worries because he was raised by wolfs and killed his brother, making him violent -he would not be a god leader because he was violent. -romans didn't want a cruel leader, there were weary of tyrants.

How did Christianity transform from a persecuted sect of Judaism into the imperial religion of Rome?

-spread among poor roman citizens - imperial system didn't have a social safety net, no way to help people.

Flavians

-the Flavians rose to power during the civil war of 69, known as the Year of the Four Emperors. -The Flavian dynasty was a Roman imperial dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 AD and 96 AD, encompassing the reigns of Vespasian (69-79), and his two sons Titus (79-81) and Domitian (81-96). -A dynasty of three emperors designated with general peace and prosperity

Third Punic War

149- 146 B.C. Cause- roman veterans sought revenge from destruction of second war (farms, animals, and walls were destoyed). Result- Rome wins, carthage totally destroyed, sold population to slavery, salted fields, burned city

Second Punic War

218 B.C. - 202 B.C., Hannibal decides to attack Rome, Sneaks through Gaul with 60,000 troops and 60 Elephants, Wreaks havoc in Rome for 15 years, Roman general named Scipio attacked Carthage making Hannibal come back to Carthage

Approximately when did Tacitus write these works, and what were his primary topics?

98 CE after death of dominion primary topics: -roman politics -sneak Christianity greta father in law -critiquing dominion

Mons Graupius

A battle recorded in Agricola, the Romans overtook the Scottish with massive Scottish casualties

How did Tacitus characterize the Germans?

A formidable collection of tribes who were willing to fight for their freedom

Battle of Milvian Bridge

Constantine put his faith in a sign and won this battle, uniting the western empire of Rome and converting to Christianity

Nero

Fifth Julio-Claudian of Rome, persecuted Christians

Marcus Aurelius

Fifth good emperor, the last after he appointed his unstable son Commodus to the throne

Vespacian

First Flavian emperor, led an assault on Jerusalem, ruled from 69-79 CE

Claudius

Fourth Julio-Claudian of Rome (41-54 CE)

Antoninus Pius

Fourth good emperor, ruled in a time of peace and prosperity

were the northern barbarians connected to the assigned works by Tacitus?

Germany addressed the culture and society of the Germans. ??

What does the following passage suggest about Rome's strategy for conquering the Britons?

Rome conquered the Britons partly by seducing them with the comforts of civilization

How did Tacitus characterize the Germans' relationship to silver and gold?

Silver and gold have been denied them whether as a sign of divine favour or of divine wrath, I cannot say. Yet I would not positively assert that there are no deposits of silver or gold in Germany, since no one has prospected for them. The natives take less pleasure than most people do in possessing and handling these metals; indeed, one can see in their houses silver vessels, which have been presented to chieftains or to ambassadors travelling abroad, put to the same everyday uses as earthenware.

What developments did the introduction to Tacitus highlight as having a big influence on Rome between 300 and 100 BCE?

The Punic Wars

Which of the following was a central topic of Agricola?

The Roman conquest of Britain

What impact did Romans' imperial conquests of the 200s and 100s BCE likely have on the Roman Republic?

The conquests elevated the power of generals.

Which of the following comes to mind when you think of ancient Roman culture? -They craved order. -They were superstitious. -They were farmers. -They were suspicious of -concentrated power. -They were more like Spartans than Athenians.

They were suspicious of concentrated power.

Domitian

Third Flavian emperor, 81 - 96 C.E.

Caligula

Third Julio-Claudian of Rome (37-41 CE), Roman Emperor who succeeded Tiberius and whose uncontrolled passions resulted in manifest insanity

Hadrian

Third good emperor, ruled in a time of peace and prosperity

How did Christianity contribute to the reinvigoration of the Roman empire in the 300s? It promoted a common collective identity. Its leaders addressed the problems with administering aid to the poor. It encouraged literacy. It inspired the military to fight for the imperial God. All of the above

all the above

What political conditions during Tacitus's lifetime influenced Tacitus's perspective? -Rome was under a relatively new dynasty of rulers: the Flavians. -Domitian, the most recent emperor, may have poisoned Tacitus's father-in-law. -Vespasian, the father of the most recent emperor had a track record of great victories. T-he most recent emperor was insecure about his own lack of military victories. -All of the above

all the above

What sorts of political and religious offices did Tacitus hold?

by birth equestrian class/ knights held high tithes 2/20

Why is Germania "one of the hundred most dangerous books ever written?"

criticizes of empire quietly hafavious germans = equality (republicans)

When did Rome start to have problems with its northern neighbors, the Celts and the Germans?

early in rome republic, start of issues -always had problems to create fear of barbarians to invade

What members of the Flavian dynasty figured prominently in the Agricola's career?

empire of dominion ditras under Vespasian -tyrants and dominions

What was Vespasian's relationship to the Civil Wars of 68-70 CE?

expanded roman power -rain and brtania

Who was Gaius Marius, and what was his relationship to Julius Caesar? What types of achievements made them into war heroes?

first guy to break tradition -Introduced client army successful in war and paid solders

Explain Tacitus' attitudes toward barbarians and civilization. How did he associate warfare and peace with freedom and servitude?

freedom barbarians warfare gives you freedom peace leads to ciritude

What sorts of political and religious offices did Agricola hold?

general and part tribuanship

Where did Agricola grow up, and what were the cultural influences on his upbringing?

had origins trained in liberal arts going to. school in grimiaina southern. gual greek colony Tacitus is also from

What were Tacitus's biases? He thought Romans were better than barbarians He thought civilization was a source of freedom He thought that the emperors were infallible All of the above None of the above

none of the above

How did Tacitus view the impact of peace upon the Britons? (chapter 21)

peace upon Britain civilization of rome turned them into summisive slaves (basis ) fancy buildings

Which civilization had the greatest impact on our political institutions? Sumerians Hebrews Greeks Romans Something else

romans

How does Tacitus' characterize the ethics/morality of the Romans?

seasonal warfare -romans got o war in the spring and come back in the fall. Punic Wars happened 4-5 years at a time civil wars = agriola (Tacitus refers to teaser and pombi) -guals conquered under cease

How did Tacitus characterize the climate of Germany and its influence on the people?

since nobody would desire to migrate to a climate as horrid as that of Germania. They are divided into three large branches, the Ingaevones, the Irminones, and the Istaevones, deriving their ancestry from three sons of Mannus, son of Tuisto, their common forefather

What was Tacitus' view of the past and how did it affect his view of the present?

thought in present times it was hard too do good thing compared to the past past was the golden age/ age with honor reminiscing the days of freedom

How does the editor/translator (Birley) characterize Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain and Germany? Who were the Batavians? What functions did they fill in the Roman Army?

was free of war trying to get tribute of war display of force Batavians: - role of modern day beljum voted against roman Christianity and used it as a way to bring more troops into gual

What political factors influenced his historical writing? How did they influence his approach to the material?

withdraw of troops highly censored killed for writing anything negative about emperor