HISTORY quiz one and two

Which of the following is true of late nineteenth-century southern and eastern European immigrants, as opposed to their western and northern European predecessors? Southern and eastern European immigrants tended to be wealthier. Southern and eastern European immigrants were, on the whole, more skilled and able to find better paying employment. Many southern and eastern European immigrants acquired land in the West, while western and northern European immigrants tended to remain in urban centers. Ellis Island was the first destination for most southern and eastern Europeans.

Ellis Island was the first destination for most southern and eastern Europeans.

Why was Rockefeller's use of horizontal integration such an effective business tool at this time? Were his choices legal? Why or why not?

He eliminated the competition leaving his products the only ones available. It doesn't seem legal because he forged documents to obtain lower prices and used harassment as a way to get what he wanted.

Industrialization, immigration, and urbanization all took place on an unprecedented scale during this era. What were the relationships of these processes to one another? How did each process serve to catalyze and fuel the others?

Industrialization lead to the creation of new things which sparked excitement but also lead to new technologies. The technologies lead to more advancements and more industrializing. Industrializing created more and bigger factories that lead people to move toward urban areas. The excitement inticed people to immigrate over.

How did the new industrial order represent both new opportunities and new limitations for rural and working-class urban Americans?

Industrialization made it so now any class could could keep up with the upper class. However the new techniques such as credit made it so that it played with the finance of the average person and led to more distress than benefit.

Which of the following "robber barons" was notable for the exploitative way he made his fortune in railroads? Jay Gould Cornelius Vanderbilt Andrew Carnegie J. Pierpont Morgan

Jay Gould

What were the core differences in the methods and agendas of the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor?

KOL: opened their base to more members, including african americans and women. worked toward an eight hour work day, equal pay regardless of gender, the elimination of convict labor, and the creation of greater cooperative enterprises with worker ownership of businesses. "One Big Union" that welcomed anyone which was a break from the traditional unions. AFL: focused its efforts on economic gains for its members. did not interfere with individual union's businesses but rather disputes between unions. loose affiliation of different unions.

Consider the fact that the light bulb and the telephone were invented only three years apart. Although it took many more years for such devices to find their way into common household use, they eventually wrought major changes in a relatively brief period of time. What effects did these inventions have on the lives of those who used them? Are there contemporary analogies in your lifetime of significant changes due to inventions or technological innovations?

Lights allowed people to work later or earlier and not just when the sun was out. This meant more could be produced and things could be made in less time. The phone allowed for people to order things over the phone and reach place that were not within their normal reach.

Describe the various attempts at labor organization in this era, from the Molly Maguires to the Knights of Labor and American Federation of Labor. How were the goals, philosophies, and tactics of these groups similar and different? How did their agendas represent the concerns and grievances of their members and of workers more generally?

The end goals were to advocate for workers and better conditions, wages, and hours. The goals of the unions were innocent and had the best intentions however, violence was brought into the equations and led to a distaste for the unions. Police and the general population didn't like the unions and were not supportive for the most part.

Describe the various violent clashes between labor and management that occurred during this era. What do these events reveal about how each group had come to view the other?

The management did not listen to the unions requests and instead tried to replace the workers in order to continue the work of the factory. They did not work toward better wages or conditions. The laborers usually lashed out violently and did not gain any support and ended up making no strides forward and resulted in laborers begging for their jobs back.

What made recent European immigrants the ready targets of more established city dwellers? What was the result of this discrimination?

The were blamed for the issues in the cities including overcrowding and a rise to crime. Their different languages, resistance to change and mold into the American culture and leave behind their communities, their different looks, and the way they acted made them easy targets for discrimination. As a result, the American Protective Association was created which adopted an English language literacy test, the Chinese Exclusion Act, the Emergency Quota Act of 1921, the Immigration Act of 1924, and the National Origins Act.

How did the emergent consumer culture change what it meant to be "American" at the turn of the century?

To be an American at the turn of the century was all about becoming just like everyone else. Now things were cheaper so they were easier to access at any income level and anywhere in the country almost.

Which of the following was not a key goal of the Knights of Labor? an end to convict labor a graduated income tax on personal wealth equal pay regardless of gender the creation of cooperative business enterprises

a graduated income tax on personal wealth

What was one of the key goals for which striking workers fought in the late nineteenth century? health insurance disability pay an eight-hour workday women's right to hold factory jobs

an eight hour work day

Which of the following did not contribute to the growth of a consumer culture in the United States at the close of the nineteenth century? personal credit advertising greater disposable income mail-order catalogs

greater disposable income

What was the major advantage of Westinghouse's "alternating current" power invention? It was less prone to fire. It cost less to produce. It allowed machines to be farther from the power source. It was not under Edison's control.

it allowed machines to be farther from the power source

Which of these was not a successful invention of the era? high-powered sewing machines movies with sound frozen foods typewriters

movies with sound

What differentiated a "robber baron" from other "captains of industry" in late nineteenth-century America?

robber barons were business men just like other captains of the industry, however the barons believed in exploiting workers and bending the law in order to get what they wanted

Which of the following does not represent one of the management strategies that John D. Rockefeller used in building his empire? horizontal integration vertical integration social Darwinism the holding company model

social Darwinism

How did the burst of new inventions during this era fuel the process of urbanization?

the pushed for development of other person and business products. It also created technology that could be adapted to be used in other areas of life. Increased jobs in factories in the city because people were now no longer dependent on water for power and cities began to really take off.

Why did African Americans consider moving from the rural South to the urban North following the Civil War? to be able to buy land to avoid slavery to find wage-earning work to further their education

to find wage-earning work