History Test

Enforcement Acts (hint: in responce to the KKK)

(1870-1871) Congress in response to the KKK and others, passed these acts to protect black voters. It created penalties on person who interfered with any citizen's right to vote. Outlaws the activities of the KKK

Freedmen's Bureau

1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs

Tenure of Office Act

1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet

Military Reconstruction Act

1867; divided the South into five districts and placed them under military rule; required Southern States to ratify the 14th amendment; guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in convention to write new state constitutions

Fifteenth Amendment

1870 constitutional amendment that guaranteed voting rights regardless of race or previous condition of servitude

Knights of Labor

1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed

Civil Rights Bill of 1866

A bill passed by Congress in March 1866 as a measure against the Black Codes to reinforce black rights to citizenship. It was vetoed by Johnson and was later passed as the 14th Amendment.

Carpetbaggers

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.

Sharecropping

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

pocket veto

A veto taking place when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president, who simply lets it die by neither signing nor vetoing it.

13th Amendment (1865)

Abolition of slavery w/o compensation for slave-owners

What does the term Reconstruction refer to?

After the civil war

Thomas Edison

American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures.

Dawes Severalty Act

Bill that promised Indians tracts of land to farm in order to assimilate them into white culture. The bill was resisted, uneffective, and disastrous to Indian tribes

tenant farmer

Farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent either in cash or crops

What was the aim of boarding schools for Native Americans?

Forcing them to adapt to US culture and shipping them of their Native culture

General William Sherman's Special Field Order 15 (AKA 40 acres and a mule)

Gave land and mules to natives to reculturize them, then taken away by Johnson who did not think they deserved it

What was Andrew Johnson's belief toward Reconstruction? What was Andrew Johnson's belief toward Reconstruction? Did his plan work?

He let the south do whatever they wanted because he didn't believe that the African Americans can take care of their own life, he was even put on record saying to a group of 'black' people visiting the Whitehouse 'you should move to another country

Why did Johnson veto the Civil Rights bill?

He was a racist and didn't. Elieve they deserved citizen ship

Discuss J.P. Morgan and his involvement in industry

JP Moegan was the most powerful person in finance. He got a job because of his dad as an accountant. He became a founding partner in dabney. Merged to create Drexel Morgan and Company.

Bonanza Farms

Large scale farms often over 50,000 acres, where farmers set up companies to operate

Were immigrants easily accepted into US society?

No, they were discriminated against harshly and paid really unfairly. Chinese/Irish poster eating Uncle Sam.

Where was most industry located?

North

What did the southern states do with the 14th Amendment?

Rejected by southern States but ratified by the requirements of 3/4th of the states

Freedman's Bureau, 1865

Set up to help freedmen and white refugees after Civil War. Provided food, clothing, medical care, and education. First to establish schools for blacks to learn to read as thousands of teachers from the north came south to help. Lasted from 1865-72. Attacked by KKK and other southerners as "carpetbaggers" Encouraged former plantation owners to rebuild their plantations, urged freed Blacks to gain employment, kept an eye on contracts between labor and management, etc

What was the most important development in the communications system in the 19th century?

Telegraphs

Which group was disappointed by the 15th Amendment?

The south

Be Prepared to discuss the Haymarket Affair in detail.

The workers went on strike and attacker the replacement workers that the company brought in to cover their work for them.

What is meant by "40 Acres and a Mule"? What happened to this order?

They gave native americans 40 achers and a mule to try and make them conform to the american dream. Johnson took the land back eventually because he was racist and didnt think that the natives deserved the land

Know the Pullman Strike in detail.

They wanted the workers to live in their city/town but pay to live there, he lower wages an hours but kept the price of rent up so they went and striked, becoming violent and setting train cars on fire, tipping them over. any train company pulling pullman's goods went on strike which made an economic crisis

How did the Civil War and Reconstruction affect planter families?

Theychad to do the hard work themselves for once

How were federal troops used in the Pullman Strike of 1894?

To help suppress the strikers on behalf of the owners.

Black Codes What did they allow? What didn't they allow? Where could you find them?

What did they allow? What didn't they allow? Where could you find them? South

Ghost Dance

a religious dance of native Americans looking for communication with the dead

Wade-Davis Bill

an 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy...Lincoln refused to sign this bill thinking it was too harsh.

Bessemer process (steel)

developed independently by the British manufacturer Henry Bessemer and American iron maker William Kelly, became widely used

Where was industrial growth concentrated?

northeast

Command of the Army Act

prohibited the president from issuing military orders except through the commanding general of the army (General Grant), who could not be relieved or assigned elsewhere without the consent of the Senate.

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in

the withdrawal of federal troops from the South

James Pike's The Prostrate State

was in support of the black Republican governments in the South during Reconstruction.