History Vocab 4

railroads

way of land transportation for moving people, goods, and materials. gave workers jobs.

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers

Haymarket Riot(1886)

1886 labor-related protest in Chicago which ended in deadly violence.

Sherman Antitrust Act(1890)

1890 law banning any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce.

homestead strike(1892)

1892 strike against carnegies steelworks in homestead Pennsylvania.

Settlement Houses

Community centers organized at the turn of the twentieth century to provide social services to the urban poor.

political machines

a party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state

innovation

creation of a new way of doing something, whether the enterprise is concrete

Urbanization

expansion of cities and/or an increase in the number of people living in them

market economy

free enterprise system, individuals own most businesses

Government Regulation

government takes measures to regulate "big businesses" and to prevent the formation of monopolies. established fundamental principle that congress could regulate business in some circumstance.

American Federation of Labor

labor union that organized skilled workers in a specific trade and made specific demands rather than seeking broad changes

Knights of Labor

labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused on broad social reforms

Bessember process

method developed in the mid 1800s for making steel more efficiently

Great Migration

movement of african americans in the 20th century from the rural south of the industrial north.

transportation

movement of persons and goods from place to place and the various means by which such movements is accomplished.

Immigration

movement of populations from one country to another

child labor

one out of five children under 15 was working out of the home in 1910. kept them out of the streets and close to parents. cheap labor.

Gentlemen's Agreement

pact between the United States and Japan to end segregation of Asian children in San Francisco public schools; in return, Japan agreed to limit the immigration of its citizens to the United States

planned economy

production are publicly owned and economic activity is controlled by a central authority(government)

Social Darwinism

the belief held by some in the late nineteenth century that certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore destined to rule over them

Urban Centers

urban area or built up area, human settlement with a high population density

Pullman Strike

violent 1894 railway workers' strike which began outside of Chicago and spread nationwide