HK 368 Exam

1. Which of the following would be considered an excellent VO2 maximum for a college-aged man?v A) >60 ml/kg/min B) 50 ml/kg/min C) 30 ml/kg/min D) 20 ml/kg/min

A) >60 ml/kg/min

1. While exercising in a hot, dry environment the predominate means of cooling the body is (assume no influence of clothing or wind velocity)? A) sweating B) radiation C) convection D) evaporation

A) sweating

What are two benefits of including sodium (Na+) in a post-exercise rehydration beverage?

Sodium may help restore sodium plasma volume as well as improve muscular contraction to help delay fatigue.

1. After evaluating a hypertensive patient with a blood pressure of 240/110, you prescribe medication to lower blood pressure. After six months of therapy the patient's blood pressure now 140/90. What is the approximate change in mean aortic/arterial pressure? A) 46 mmHg B) 176 mmHg C) 17 mmHg D) 153 mmHg

A) 46 mmHg

1. Tests reveal an obstruction in the femoral artery of a patient. Arterial pressure in this artery just proximal to the obstruction is 200 mmHg and just distal to the obstruction is 100 mmHg. Prior to the development of the obstruction the difference in pressure between the proximal and distal portions of the artery was 50 mmHg. Assuming blood flowthrough the artery is the same before and after the obstruction, what is the effect of the obstruction on resistance to blood flow? A) Unchanged B) Doubled C) 10-fold higher D) Reduced by half

A) Doubled

1. In an unacclimated individual, which of the following would be greater at any given exercise intensity when exercising in a hot environment compared to exercising in a cooler environment? A) Central blood volume B) Stroke volume C) Heart rate D) Muscle glycogen content

A) Heart rate

1. Which of the following would impair/reduce the ability to cool the body during exercise? A) Water ingestion B) Exercising in your underwear C) High relative humidity D) Cloudy day

A) High relative humidity

1. Which of the following would result in an increase in ejection fraction? A) Increased afterload B) Decreased preload C) Increased venous return D) Increased contractility

A) Increased contractility

1. What is one reason why excessive sweating could result in a reduction in exercise performance? A) Lower heart rate B) Lower plasma volume C) Increased skin blood flow Increased plasma sodium

A) Increased plasma sodium

1. Increasing calcium levels in the cardiac myocytes is the primary mechanism for: A) Increasing contractility B) Increasing heart rate C) Decreasing TPR D) Increasing preload

A) Increasing contractility

1. Why does exercising in a full football uniform result in greater rise in core temperature during exercise? A) Enhances convection B) Reduces skin blood flow C) Limits evaporation of sweat Prevents sweat loss

A) Limits evaporation of sweat

1. Which of the following does not increase with increasing exercise intensity? A) Heart rate B) Stroke volume C) SNS stimulation D) PNS stimulation

A) PNS stimulation

1. Which adaptation aids the trained athlete in reaching a higher preload in the left ventricle and, thus enhanced exercise performance? A) Increased skeletal muscle capillary density B) Reduced sympathetic stimulation C) Increased parasympathetic stimulation D) Plasma volume expansion

A) Plasma volume expansion

1. Measurement of carbon dioxide production and calculations of ____________ help determine the contributions of fat and carbohydrate to the energy expenditure of the activity. A) Heart Rate B) Stroke Volume C) Minute Ventilation D) Respiratory Exchange Ratio

A) Respiratory Exchange Ratio

1. Deoxygenated blood from the veins first reaches the ______________ before being transported to the lungs. A) Left Atrium B) Right Atrium C) Left Ventricle Right Ventricle

A) Right Ventricle

1. What are the three variables used to calculate oxygen consumption? A) Cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate B) Stroke volume, heart rate, and arteriovenous difference C) Carbon dioxide, stroke volume, and arteriovenous difference D) Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure

A) Stroke volume, heart rate, and arteriovenous difference

1. Which of the following would likely increase during acute exercise? A) Venous oxygen content B) a-vO2 difference C) Arterial oxygen content D) Liver blood flow

A) a-vO2 difference

1. An increase in which of the following could increase left ventricular stroke volume? A) contractility B) afterload C) ESV D) parasympathetic stimulation

A) afterload

1. Using a fan during exercise will promote body cooling by facilitating: A) evaporation and convection B) convection and conduction C) radiation and evaporation conduction and evaporation

A) conduction and evaporation

1. Trained individuals have a greater capacity for heat dissipation because of: A) increased skin blood flow B) decreased sweat rate C) increased VO2max D) decreased blood volume

A) increased VO2max

1. Stroke volume can increase with dynamic exercise due to an: A) increase in sympathetic stimulation B) increased end-diastolic volume C) metabolic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle D) decreased venous return

A) increased end-diastolic volume

1. Factors contributing to an increase in stroke volume with exercise include: A) increased EDV, decreased ejection fraction, and increased SNS stimulation. B) increased venous return, increased plasma epinephrine, and increased contractility. C) decreased venous return, increased PNS activity, and increased ESV. D) increased preload, increased SNS stimulation, and increased EDV.

A) increased venous return, increased plasma epinephrine, and increased contractility.

1. Heat acclimatization improves heat dissipation by: A) increasing heart rate during exercise B) decreasing VO2 max C) increasing sweat production decreasing skin blood flow

A) increasing sweat production

1. During dynamic exercise, blood flow increases specifically to active skeletal muscle largely as a result of: A) an increase of sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. B) shunting of blood to the liver. C) an increase in parasympathetic nerve activity. local production of vasodilator metabolites.

A) local production of vasodilator metabolites.

1. VO2max is greater in aerobically trained individuals primarily due to an increase in: A) maximum heart rate B) a-vO2 difference C) end systolic volume D) stroke volume

A) maximum heart rate

1. Increasing end diastolic volume would result in an increase in: (1 point) A) preload B) end systolic volume C) a-vO2 difference D) arterial oxygen content

A) preload

1. During dynamic exercise, e.g. running, diastolic blood pressure often remains stable or decreases. Which of the following physiological changes that occur with exercise could account for the effect of exercise on diastolic blood pressure? A) an increase in contractility. B) a decrease in total peripheral resistance. C) an increase in preload. D) the shunting of blood to the skin.

A) the shunting of blood to the skin.