HLT 230 - Chapter 6 Lipids

The main difference in chemical structure between mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids is that polyunsaturated fatty acids contain:

two or more carbon-carbon double bonds

LDL is responsible for delivering _____ to the tissues.

Cholesterol

_________ is a fat found only foods that contain animal products

Cholesterol

In effort to move lipids through lymph and blood, the body coats lipids with a layer of protein, phospholipids and cholesterol to form ___, a type of lipoprotein

Chylomicrons

Phospholipids are chemically similar to

triglycerides

_________ occurs when a clot blocks an atery in the brain, which causes the death of brain cells that do not receive blood flow

A stroke

What type of enzyme is released from capillaries and breaks down a capillaries and breaks down a chylomicrons' triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?

Lipase

________ is a general term for water-soluble structures that transport lipids throughout the bloodstream

Lipoproteins

VLDL is produced in the ________-

Liver

Adipose cells are designed to store large amounts of ________

fat as triglycerides

Adipose tissue is comprised of

glycerol and fatty acids

Types of fatty acids

monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated,

_________ fatty acids consist entirely of carbon-carbon single bonds

saturated

Why are emulsifers important in cooking and baking

Helps keeps mixtures from separating

Lipid build-up within the wall of the artery is known as

Arterial plaque

_________ is the long-term process in which plaques build up inside arterial walls

Atherosclerosis

A diet high in fiber may reduce cholesterol by

Binding the bile salts that contain cholesterol and excreting them in feces.

A lipid with carbons arranged in a ring is called a ________

Sterol

Linoleic acid is an omega-6 faty acid. What does this tell you about its chemical structure?

The first double bond is located six carbons from the omega end

Select the structural components of a triglyceride

Three fatty acids A glycerol backbone

What are major functions of lipids in the body?

To provide energy To insulate and cushion the body to maintain cell membranes

___________ make up about 95% of lipids in the body and in food

Triglyverides

Replacing foods that are rich sources of saturated fatty acids with food that contain more _________ can reduce CVD risk

Unsaturated fatty acids

During digestion, fats move into the small intestine in the form of chyme where they are broken down by the enzyme __________

Lipase

Oxidized LDL is harmful because it _________

contributes to inflammation in arteries

Cholesterol and fats are types of

lipids

_________ are a type of prescription drug that reduces a person's elevated blood lipid levels

statins

__________ fatty acids can be synthesized by the body and do not need to be supplied by the diet

Nonessential

The lipoprotein that contains the highest amount of protein is _________

HDL

Atherosclerosis leads to a ________ of the ateries

Hardening

Cardiovascular disease is a group of a diseases that affect the ________- and blood vessels

Heart

When a portion of the heart muscle dies due to lack of nutrients and oxygen triggered by a complete artery blockage it is known as a

Heart attack

A condition that is characterized by abnormally high blood pressure levels that persist even when a person is relaxed is called_______

Hypertension

Which lifestyle choice would be the best way to reduce a person's risk of atherosclerosis and CVD

Increase physical activity

Risk factors for atherosclerosis

Increasing age Excess body fat Diabetes

When atherosceloris occurs in a blood vessel that does not carry blood to the heart or the brain, the condition is called ________

Peripheral vascular disease

Lecithin is a common example of a ________ which is naturally found in the plant and animal foods

Phospholipid

Phospholipids that enables them to be major structural components of cell membranes

Their phosphate "head" is water soluble and their fatty acid "tail" is water insoluble

Fats produced during the hydrogenation process closely resemble the structure of saturated fats, however, due to the altered chemical structure that results during this process they are harmful to health. These fats are termed

Trans fats

The process of hydrogenation leads to the creation of _________, which allow foods to be stored for longer periods of time without becoming rancid

Trans fatty acids