HLTH 1020 Quiz 4 Chapters 14-17
Last summer, Loraine's garden yielded more food than her family could eat. She chose to extend the life of many of her fruits and vegetables by preserving them. What do most preservation methods have in common
They decrease water content that bacteria need to grow.
Above 100° C (212°F) most bacteria
are destroyed
After 3 hours of exercise, what are the main sources of energy?
blood glucose and plasma free fatty acids
This animation shows that food spoilage microorganisms can be classified by their
growth temperature preferences.
As exercise duration increases, the amount of plasma free fatty acids used for energy
increases
Under anaerobic conditions, the end-product of glycolysis (anaerobic glucose breakdown) is converted to
lactic acid
By keeping food cold, the growth of microorganisms is
minimized.
A person who sprints for 45 seconds obtains most of their energy from
muscle glycogen
Determine whether each factor increases or decreases with regular, moderate physical activity
* Increased by exercise: muscle mass and strength; flexibility and balance; bone and joint strength. * Decreased by exercise: blood pressure; risk of colon cancer; stress.
How common are food spoilage microorganisms?
Almost all of our foods contain them.
At freezing temperatures, most bacteria
stop growing, but are not dead.
Ergogenic aids can be useful in some circumstances, some are possibly useful but still under study, and still others are downright dangerous and illegal. Complete each sentence with the appropriate term related to ergogenic aid use in athletic performance.
* One ergogenic aid that may be useful in some circumstances is the use of CREATINE at 20 grams per day for 5-6 days and then a maintenance dose of 2 grams per day to improve performance in those who undertake repeated bursts of activity, such as in sprinting or weightlifting. * Promotion of mental alertness by athletes can be achieved through the use of CAFFEINE in a dose of about 3-9 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. * A possibly useful - but still under study - ergogenic aid used as an important energy source when carbohydrate stores are depleted are BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACIDS such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine. * An ergogenic aid that increases muscle mass but may also cause uncontrolled growth of the heart or other organs and is banned by the International Olympic Committee is GROWTH HORMONE. Explanation: Use of 20 grams of creatine per day for 5 to 6 days followed by a maintenance dose of 2 grams per day may increase muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) in those who undertake repeated bursts of concentration high activity, such as in sprinting and weightlifting. Drinking two to three 5-ounce cups of coffee (equivalent to 3 to 9 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) about 1 hour before events lasting 5 minutes or longer may increase use of fatty acids for fuel and improve mental alertness among some athletes. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) may increase gains in muscle mass among resistance-trained athletes and serve as an important energy source for endurance-trained athletes.
Complete each sentence with the correct term.
* The use of additives in food is regulated by FDA. * Substances that are directly added to foods are called intentional food additives. * Substances that are indirectly added as food contaminants are known as incidental food additives. * The GRAS list is a compilation of all food additives that are considered safe for consumption. * The Delaney Clause prohibits the use of any potentially cancer-causing agent as a food additive.
The NET result of a single glycolysis (anaerobic glucose breakdown) run is the formation of
2 NADH and 2 ATP.
Anthony is training for a half-marathon. On long-run days, which of the following snacks would be the most appropriate to consume after a long-distance training run?
A banana and pretzels Note: After an endurance workout, the primary goal is to replace glycogen and fluids. High-glycemic index foods are best for rapid repletion of glycogen
Larissa is a new mom who is experiencing many of the pressures of having a new baby. She has always been thin and was alarmed by the weight she gained during pregnancy. In order to take the weight off, she went on a crash diet and now weighs less than she did before pregnancy. She was inspired by this weight loss and has continued to restrict her calories. She is now at 80% of her expected body weight and has expressed to her husband that she is still too fat. She avoids eating with other people and tries to eat less than 500 calories per day. What eating disorder does Larissa have?
Anorexia nervosa
Larry is a wrestler who was last year's state wrestling champion for his high school. This year has not been so great and Larry is performing much more poorly than he has in the past. His coach is giving him a hard time and Larry is feeling depressed. After practice he often gorges on junk food, consuming thousands of calories in a single sitting. He feels bad about his behavior but does nothing to compensate for the excessive calories he has taken in. Which of the following most accurately describes Larry's condition?
Binge-eating disorder
Under aerobic conditions, the end-product of glycolysis is further reduced to yield more ATP.
False Explanation: If adequate oxygen is available, the pyruvate that results from anaerobic glucose breakdown is further oxidized via the Krebs cycle (aerobic glucose breakdown).
Anthony, a 42-year-old male, just finished a two-hour hike and notes that his heart rate is at 92 beats per minute. In which exercise intensity category does his recent exercise register?
Heart health zone Explanation: First, calculate Anthony's age-predicted maximum heart rate: 220 - age = MHR 220 - 42 = 178 bpm Next, calculate Anthony's %MHR: 92 bpm (actual heart rate) / 178 bpm (maximum heart rate) = 0.52 = 52% His %MHR falls into the "heart health zone."
During her current pregnancy, Loraine has been extra careful to avoid foods that could potentially cause foodborne illness. Even though she loves Greek salad, at lunch today she had to order something else because the waiter could not confirm whether or not the feta cheese on the salad was pasteurized. Why should pregnant women avoid unpasteurized cheese?
Unpasteurized cheese can contain Listeria monocytogenes that can cross the placental barrier and cause listeriosis and spontaneous abortion or stillbirth.
In this animation, on which day does the room temperature orange begin to show spoilage?
day 8
As exercise duration increases, use of muscle glycogen
decreases
With ideal environmental factors, the reproduction rate of bacteria is
extremely rapid
Most plasma free fatty acids arise from
hydrolysis of stored fat.
In glycolysis (anaerobic glucose breakdown), glucose is converted to
pyruvate
What is the most important environmental factor influencing bacterial growth?
temperature
The main environmental factors that affect microorganism growth include chemical inhibitors, oxygen, pH, nutrients, moisture and
temperature.
During glycolysis (anaerobic glucose breakdown), a 6-carbon sugar diphosphate molecule is split into two 3-carbon sugar phosphate molecules.
true
The most common organisms causing food spoilage are bacteria,
yeasts, and molds.
Brenda is a college student suffering from bulimia nervosa. When her roommate is at class, Brenda regularly binges on large quantities of food, sometimes up to 3,000 calories in an hour. She then feels so guilty and has an overwhelming desire to purge the calories and food. What type of purging mechanism might a bulimic engage in? Check all that apply
✓ Excessive exercising ✓Self-induced vomiting ✓Laxative abuse ✓Bingeing on more food
Brenda has been making herself vomit after almost every meal for a year now. This behavior can have very dangerous effects on the human body. What are the health problems that stem from bulimia nervosa? Check all that apply
✓ Heart rate disturbances ✓Tears in the esophagus from repeated introduction of stomach acid ✓Swelling of salivary glands from persistent vomiting ✓Demineralization of teeth from exposure to stomach acid
