HLTH 3913 Test 2
What are the side effects of ADHD medication? (short term & long term)
Short term: Euphoria, increased HR and BP, breathing, decreases blood flow, increased blood sugar, Long term: weight loss, GIT problems, muscle deterioration, increased risk of stroke, seizure, cardiovascular event, and cerebral hemorrhage
How are families involved in treatment?
Studies show that involving families in co occurring disorders improves results, involving them early and encouraging them to attend self help groups is beneficial.
What type of dangerous chemicals are found in inhalants?
amyl & butyl nitrite, benzene, butane, propane, freon, hexane, toluene
What is the integrated model of treatment?
an approach to treating co-occuring disorders that utilizes one competent treatment team at the same facility to recognize and address all mental health and substance use disorders at the same time.
What are other potential complications of inhalant abuse?
asphyxiation, suffocation, seizures, coma, choking
absorption of meth:
smoking or injecting is quickest, snorting takes 3-5 minutes, oral takes 15-20 minutes.
What are the routes of administration for inhalants?
sniffing, snorting, bagging, huffing
What are the environmental concerns associated with meth labs?
toxins stay around long after the lab is shut down, chemicals such as acetone, anhydrous ammonia, lithium, ether, red phosphorous
What are examples of stimulants?
tobacco, cocaine, ritalin, caffeine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, adderall
what is the annual health care cost of opioid use and dependency? the overall cost?
26 billion and 78.5 billion
binge drinking and heavy alcohol use:
-26.9% ages 18+ binge drank in the past month, 5.1 million people ages 12-20 -7% used alcohol heavily, 1.3 million people ages 12-20
Oklahoma stimulant use numbers
-4th in speed laboratories -usage among adults ages 20-64 increased by 60% -
Prevalence of drinking:
-86.4% ages 18+ drank at some point, 7.7 million ages 12-20 -70.1% drank in the past year -56% drank in the past month
Complexities of screening and assessment:
-Intoxication -Withdrawal -substance induced disorders -motivational factors -feelings, symptoms, and disorders
What are the risk factors for opioid use disorder?
-misunderstanding b/w the patient and provider -unauthorized self-medication of pain, mood, or sleep problems -desire for euphoria or other psychoactive reward -compulsive use due to addiction -illegal diversion for the financial gain
How many college students die from alcohol related injury?
1,825
7 components of the integrated model of treatment:
1. integration 2. comprehensiveness 3. assertiveness 4. reduction of negative consequences 5. long term perspective 6. motivation based treatment 7. multiple psychotherapeutic modalities
What is the demographic data associated with meth?
1.6 million people reported using meth in the last year, and 774,000 people reported using in the last month. average age is 23.3
nearly ___ of every 100 hispanics
10
What is the rate of prescribing for benzodiazepines?
13.5 million per year (2013)
about ___ of every 100 non hispanic whites
15
nearly ___ of every 100 non hispanic blacks
15
More than ___ million americans are living with a disease caused by smoking
16
What percent of students meet the criteria for AUD?
20%
____ of the 480,000 deaths due to smoking are believed to be among individuals with mental health or substance use disorders.
200,000+
About ___ of every 100 people with mixed-race heritage (non-hispanic)(20.6%)
21
____ of every 100 non hispanic american indians/alaska natives (24%)
24
Oklahoma ranks ____ for adult mental health and substance use.
35th
Oklahoma ranks ____ in the nation for overall health.
36th
What are the addiction treatment provider estimates by psychiatric disorder?
40% - mood disorders 26% - anxiety disorders 25% - PTSD 18% - antisocial disorder 17% - borderline personality 17% - severe mental illness
Prevalence of tobacco use:
42.1 million currently smoke, 3 out of 4 smoke daily
What are the gender differences in opioid overdoses?
45-54 age range was the highest, males were higher than females
Mortality rate was ____ for individuals with alcoholism or SUD's.
48%
How long does it take for a person to become addicted to opioids?
5 days
Elimination of meth:
5-12 hours
How does fentanyl compare to other opioids?
50-100x more powerful, binds to the body's opioid receptors which are found in areas of the brain that control pain and emotions.
What is the average age of those with a mental health disorder in oklahoma?
57.5
how many people are assaulted by a student that has been drinking?
696,000
about ____ of every 100 non hispanic asians
7
Smoking rates are estimated to be as high as ___ to ___ among individuals with substance abuse problems
74% to 88%
meth demographic contd.
964,000 people (0.4%) ages 12 and up had a meth use disorder.
how many people experienced date rape?
97,000
Cost and expenditures associated with tobacco?
>$300 billion a year
What are opioids?
Broad group of of pain-reliving medications that work by interacting with receptors on nerve cells in the body and brain.
What are benzodiazepines?
Class of drugs primarily used to treat anxiety
Economic costs associated with alcohol?
Cost the US $249 billion
What are the quadrants of care?
I - low substance, low mental health II - low substance, high mental health III - high substance, low mental health IV - high substance, high mental health
Levels of care
Level I: outpatient treatment level II: intensive outpatient treatment, including partial hospitalization level III: residential/medically monitored intensive inpatient treatment level IV: medically managed intensive inpatient treatment
How was legislation introduced in order to combat methamphetamine use?
Meth epidemic act of 2005, requires that pharmacies and other retail stores keep logs of purchases of products containing pseudoephedrine and limits the amount of those products an individual can purchase per day.
What are the 3 evidence-based practices?
Motivation Enhancement therapy (MET), Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), Twelve step facilitation (TSF)
What medications are utilized for opioid overdose reversal?
Naloxone (evizo, narcan)
What syndemic exists within Oklahoma?
Opioid use (dependency-addiction)
Cocaine elimination
metabolized, half life of one hour, can take up to 3 days to be completely eliminated
Screening
The first phase of evaluation where the potential client is interviewed to determine if he or she is appropriate for that specific treatment facility and to determine the possible presence or absence of a substance use or mental health problem.
Assessing
The second phase of evaluation where a systematic interview is necessary to verify the potential presence of a mental health or substance use disorder detected during the screening process.
Why is it fatal to prescribe opioids and benzodiazepines together?
They are both highly potent and addicting.
How do benzodiazepines work on the brain?
They operate widely in the brain by enhancing the action of the neurotransmitter, GABA (gamma amino butyric acid)
Chemicals found in cigarettes and where you can also find them?
Toluene (solvent), carbon monoxide (car exhaust), cadmium (batteries), arsenic (rat poison), ammonia (toilet cleaner)
What are the common types of abused ADHD medication?
adderall, vyvanse, ritalin
What age demographic is most likely to utilize inhalants?
adolescents
What is a syndemic?
aggregation of two concurrent or sequential epidemics or disease clusters in a population with biological interactions, which exacerbate the prognosis and burden of disease.
medications for smoking:
chantix, zyban
Forms of cocaine and incarceration rates
coca paste, cocaine hydrochloride, freebase, crack cocaine, powder and crack (same drug)
As prescription rates went down, opioid overdose deaths went _____ as well.
down
Those with mental health problems have _____ prevalence of smoking.
higher
What is a co occuring disorder?
mental health disorder and substance abuse
What is second hand smoke?
inhalation of smoke from tobacco products by people other than the intended user.
Routes of administration for cocaine
insufflation, IV, smoked
How do inhalants impact the brain?
it impacts the central nervous system by slowing brain activity
why are ADHD medications used on college campuses?
its a study aid and can improve focus and overall grades
Smoking is ____ cause of preventable death.
leading
What are the long term effects of inhalants abuse?
liver and kidney damage, hearing loss, bone marrow damage, nerve damage, delayed behavior development
Health effects of smoking:
lung cancer, COPD, cerebrovascular disease
How is CBT utilized?
make change within the client
Routes of administration for meth:
smoked, snorted, injected, or orally ingested
What is meth?
powerful, highly addictive stimulant that affects the central nervous system
What are the vulnerable populations for opioids?
pregnant women and neonates, persons involved with the criminal justice system, injection drug users.
An integrated model of care assumes that one disorder does not necessarily present as ______ and that these are co-occuring ______ diseases that need to be treated simultaneously.
primary, brain
What are some benefits of an integrated model of care?
reduced need for coordination, reduced frustration for clients, shared decision making responsibilities, families and significant others included, transparent practices help everyone involved share responsibility
What are stimulants?
substances that can keep a person going, both mentally and physically
What is the third hand smoke?
the persistence of tobacco smoke pollutants in dust and on surfaces after tobacco has been smoked.
How is MET utilized?
to initiate change
How is TSF utilized?
to maintain and sustain changes
What products are utilized as inhalants?
volatile solvents, aerosols, gases, nitrites