HLTH125: Chapter 5 - Muscles and Tendons

______ are often prescribed to decrease inflammation. They are produced in, and secreted by, the ______.

Corticosteroids; adrenal cortex

True or False: The biceps femoris is one of the hamstring muscles

False

True or False: The shoulder girdle is the same thing as the shoulder joint

False - the shoulder girdle is the same thing as the PECTORAL GIRDLE

True or False: the hamstring muscles flex the thigh at the hip joint

False - this is not one of the hamstring muscle functions

True or False: In the rehabilitation setting, occupational therapists administer medication to patients

False - this is the role of the rehab nurse

True or False: Peristalsis occurs in the digestive system

True

True of False: rotator cuff tendinitis can involve the biceps tendon

True - the tendon of the long head of the biceps inserts into the rotator cuff

When you move the leg out to the side, away from the midline of the body, this is called thigh

abduction

Deconstruct the term activity

activ-ity

_____ procedures are usually minor surgeries performed in outpatient surgical centers

ambulatory

Which of the following represents a prosthesis?

an artificial leg

Myoglobin is

an oxygen-storing protein in muscle cells.

The dorsum of the hand is the

back of the hand

Creatine kinase levels can be measured using which diagnostic technique?

blood tests

Shivering is rapid, repetitive, involuntary contraction of skeletal muscle that generates _______ to maintain core body temperature during exposure to the cold

body heat

Deconstruct the term brachioradialis

brachi-o-radi-alis

Voluntary movements are accomplished by skeletal muscle contractions. Which functions in the body are under direct voluntary control?

contracting the biceps to bring food in the mouth

A _____ is muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis. It can occur after prolonged immobilization of a joint.

contracture

Deconstruct the term deltoid

delt-oid

Which muscle forms the bulk of the shoulder?

deltoid

Peripheral vascular disease, a leading cause of amputation in the elderly, can be caused by

diabetes and arteriorsclerosis

The connective tissue that covers a muscle and continues as part of the tendon is called _____

fascia

Skeletal muscle _____ are single, long, thin cells

fibers

The disorder that causes widespread muscle pain, chronic fatigue, and depression is

fibromyalgia

Which of the following are functions of the hamstring muscles?

flexion and rotation of the leg at the knee joint

Fluid-filled cysts on the back of the wrist caused by inflammation of the synovial sheaths are

ganglion cysts

The Achilles tendon connects which muscles to the calcaneus?

gastrocnemius and soleus

Medications that inhibit the function of the immune system are called

immunosuppresants

Tenosynovitis differs from tendinitis in what way?

in tenosynovitis, the tendon and its synovial sheath are inflamed

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are related to ______ living and include managing money, driving, and cooking

independent

When you twist your ankle and sustain a sprain, you have injured one or more _____

ligament

The forearm is bigger near the elbow because

most forearm muscle mass is near the elbow; it is mainly tendons found from mid-forearms in the wrist

A medical team composed of specialists from more than one profession is a ______ team

multidisciplinary

A general term for the group of hereditary, progressive muscle weakness and atrophy is

muscular dystrophy

Deconstruct the term myositis

my-o-sitis

The general term for muscle disease is _____. The term that means inflammation of muscle tissue is _____.

myopathy; myositis

The root in the terms atrophy and hypertrophy means

nourishment

The use of work and recreational activities to increase independent function in patients is called ______ therapy

occupational

Deconstruct the term orthotic

orthot-ic

Which of the following statements regarding the term peristalsis is NOT correct?

peristalsis is alternating waves of constriction and relaxation of skeletal muscle

Gait retraining to improve walking ability after stroke or joint replacement is the role of the

physical therapist

Swelling, weak arm and muscles, and joint contractures could make it difficult for an amputee to be fitted for a

prosthesis

Match each word element with its meaning: quadri- -ceps -is femor- ---------- - root that means femur - prefix that means four (4) - root that means head - suffix that means belonging or pertaining to

quadri-: prefix that means four (4) -ceps: root that means head -is: suffix that means belonging or pertaining to femor-: root that means femur

The large, four-part muscle of the thigh that extends the knee is the ______

quadriceps femoris

Which muscle is NOT one of the hamstrings?

rectus femoris

A more intense, short-term type of rehabilitation is

restorative rehabilitation

The root in the term rehabilitation means _____

restore

The ______ cuff is a large connective tissue structure in the shoulder girdle that supports the shoulder joint

rotator (the large tendon in the shoulder girdle is the rotator cuff)

The origin of the four rotator cuff muscles is the

scapula

The shoulder (pectoral) girdle is composed of two bones: the ______ and the _______

scapula; clavicle

Deconstruct the term skeletal

skelet-al

Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?

skeletal

The PM&R team member who meets with family members, coordinates home care services, orders adaptive equipment, and intervenes with insurance companies is the

social worker

Which activity is least likely to cause a rotator cuff injury?

surfing the internet on your laptop

A _____ is a fibrous band of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone. Inflammation of this structure is called.

tendon; tendonitis

A _____ is a specialist who performs _____ procedures to restore patient function

therapist; therapeutic

The thenar eminence is the prominent pad of muscle near the

thumb

Match the word element with its meaning: tri- -ceps brachi-i ---------- - combining form that means of the arm - root that means head - prefix that means three

tri-: prefix that means three -ceps: root that means head brachi-i: combining form that means of the arm

True or False: The biceps brachii and triceps brachii perform opposite movements at the elbow joint

true

Which of the following body functions occurs under voluntary control?

using your leg muscles to stand up

The root in the word latissimus means _____

wide

Match the type term related to rehabilitation with its description: - ADLs - maintenance rehabilitation - IADLSs - restorative rehabilitation ---------------------------------- - restores a function that has been lost due to surgery, stroke, or other major illness or trauma - the routine activities of personal care such as eating, bathing, grooming, toileting, and transferring - activities that enable an individual to live independently, such as managing money, using a telephone, cooking, and shopping - strengthens and maintains a function that is gradually being lost; less intense than restorative rehabilitation

- ADLs: the routine activities of personal care such as eating, bathing, grooming, toileting, and transferring - maintenance rehabilitation: strengthens and maintains a function that is gradually being lost; less intense than restorative rehabilitation - IADLs: activities that enable an individual to live independently, such as managing money, using a telephone, cooking, and shopping - restorative rehabilitation: restores a function that has been lost due to surgery, stroke, or other major illness or trauma

Match the therapeutic treatment method of muscle disorders with its description: - RICE - physical therapy - anti-inflammatory medication - pain medication - orthopedic appliances ------------------------------------ - rest, ice, compression, and elevation after acute sprains or strains - braces, crutches, walkers - therapeutic exercise to restore range of motion and strength - acetaminophen, hydrocodone - corticosteroids

- RICE: rest, ice, compression, and elevation after acute sprains or strains - physical therapy: therapeutic exercise to restore range of motion and strength - anti-inflammatory medication: corticosteroids - pain medication: acetaminophen, hydrocodone - orthopedic appliances: braces, crutches, walkers

The goal of physiatry is to develop

- a comprehensive treatment plan - a treatment plan that addresses a patient's medical, social, emotional, and vocational needs - a multidisciplinary approach to get patients back to their premorbid functional level

Select the interventions performed by occupational therapists in the rehabilitation setting

- fabricate and train patients in use of adaptive equipment - retrain patients in ADLs and IADLs

Match the muscle disorder with its description: - fibromyalgia - myopathy - myasthenia gravis - muscular dystrophy - polymyositis ------------------------- - progressive, incurable genetic muscle disorder that affects more males than females - autoimmune disease that causes weakness that increases with activity and decreases with rest - any muscular disease resulting in muscle weakness - symptoms include widespread muscle soreness, chronic fatigue, and depression - a myopathy that produces muscle weakness in multiple groups

- fibromyalgia: symptoms include widespread muscle soreness, chronic fatigue, and depression - myopathy: any muscular disease resulting in muscle weakness - myasthenia gravis: autoimmune disease that causes weakness that increases with activity and decreases with rest - muscular dystrophy: progressive, incurable genetic muscle disorder that affects more males than females - polymyositis: a myopathy that produces muscle weakness in multiple groups

Match the hip muscles with their descriptions: - gluteus minimus - gluteus maximum - adductor group - gluteus medius --------------------- - largest gluteal muscle; extends the thigh - located on the inner thigh region - abducts the thigh along with gluteus minimus - smallest gluteal muscle; deep to gluteus maximus and medius

- gluteus minimus: smallest gluteal muscle; deep to gluteus maximus and medius - gluteus maximus: largest gluteal muscle; extends the thigh - adductor group: located on the inner thigh region - gluteus medius: abducts the thigh along with gluteus minimus

Match each term with its meaning: - gluteus - maximus - medius - minimus ------------- - middle - the biggest - buttocks - smallest

- gluteus: buttocks - maximus: the biggest - medius: middle - minimus: smallest

Which statements are correct regarding the deltoid muscle?

- it abducts the arm (moves it away from the body) at the shoulder joint - it forms the bulk of the shoulder region - it inserts on the humerus

Which of the following statements are true regarding rhabdomyolysis?

- it involves the release of large amounts of myoglobin from damaged muscle cells - it can be caused by trauma, extreme exercise, alcoholism, or illicit drug abuse - it can cause kidney failure

Match the muscle disorder with its description: - muscle soreness - muscle cramp - muscle strain - tendinitis -------------------- - injury due to overstretching or overexerting a muscle; if severe, may require surgical repair - inflammation of a tendon; often due to overuse - not a true disorder; often occurs after unaccustomed exercise - sudden painful contraction of a muscle; may be due to electrolyte imbalance

- muscle soreness: not a true disorder; often occurs after unaccustomed exercise - muscle cramp: sudden painful contraction of a muscle; may be due to electrolyte imbalance - muscle strain: injury due to overstretching or overexerting a muscle; if severe, may require surgical repair - tendinitis: inflammation of a tendon; often due to overuse

Which of the following statements is correct regarding disorders of the shoulder girdle?

- rotator cuff tears can be partial or complete - shoulder tendinitis, bursitis, and even rotator cuff tears can be caused by overuse - small rotator cuff tears can heal without surgery; complete (full thickness) tears require surgical repait - rotator cuff tendinitis can involve the biceps tendon

Identify the hamstring muscles

- semimembranosus - semitendinosus - biceps femoris

Which statements are correct regarding muscle tissue?

- skeletal muscle pulls on bones when it contracts to generate movement - all three types of muscle tissue can contract

Identify all the members of the PM&R team

- social worker - occupational therapist - physical therapist - physiatrist

Which of the following statements are correct regarding structures of the shoulder?

- the shoulder joint is formed by the articulation between the head of the humerus and the socket of the scapula - the pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and the scapula - the pectoral girdle attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton

Which statements are true regarding anabolic steroids?

- they cause muscle hypertrophy and increased strength - use can negatively impact fertility in males - they can cause masculinization of women's bodies

Select the muscles that are part of the quadriceps femoris

- vastus medialis - vastus lateralis - vastus intermedius - rectus femoris

Match each word element with its meaning -ist phys- -iatr- -al physic- ---------- - root that means treatment - root that means nature - suffix that means specialist - root that means body - suffix that means pertaining to

-ist: suffix that means specialist phys-: root that means nature -iatr-: root that means treatment -al: suffix that means pertaining to physic-: root that means body

The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the calf join and insert into the heel bone by way of the

Achilles tendon