Holocaust

When was Hitler Born/Die?

1889-1945

WWI and WWII dates

1914-18 1939-45

Russian Revolution

1917

30th January 1933

Adolph Hitler namer chancellor of Germany

Rhineland Bastards

Afro-German children

Boycott of Jewish Businesses

April 1st, 1933

Fuhrer principle

As early as July 1921 he had declared the Führerprinzip ("leader principle") to be the law of the Nazi Party; and in Mein Kampf (1925-27) he asserted that such a dictatorship would be extended to the coming Third Reich. A personality cult was built around the Führer.

Sinti and Roma peoples

Between 1933 and 1945, Sinti and Roma ("Gypsies") suffered greatly as victims of Nazi persecution. Building on long-held prejudices, the Nazi regime viewed Gypsies both as "asocials"

Ritualization

Ethology. the alteration of a behavior pattern, as by a change in intensity, in a way that increases its effectiveness as a signal to other members of the species.

Stab-in-the-back myth

German Army did not lose World War I but was instead betrayed by the civilians on the home front, especially the republicans who overthrew the monarchy.

Hitler's Inner Circle

Goebbels, Himmler, Goring

St. Louis Voyage 1939

Group of Jews the struck a deal with Cuba

Rearmament in violation of Treaty of Versailles

Hitler knew that publicly Nazi Germany was still seen within Europe as being held to the terms of Versailles and he was determined to openly break these terms and re-assert Germany's right to control its own military.

ghetto

Jews were forced to live in ghettos

Luther's attitude towards jews

Luther's attitude toward the Jews took different forms over his life. In his earlier period, until 1537 or not much earlier, he wanted to convert Jews to Christianity. In his later period when he wrote this treatise, he denounced them and urged their persecution.

Dachau

March 22, 1933 concentration camp for political prisoners was set up in Dachau. This camp served as a model for all later concentration camps and as a "school of violence" for the SS men under whose command it stood.

Triumph of the will

Nuremberg 1934, It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg, which was attended by more than 700,000 Nazi supporters.

Pan-Germanism

Pan-Germanists originally sought to unify all the German-speaking populations of Europe in a single nation-state known as Greater Germany.

NSDAP

The National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), more commonly known as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945.

asocials

The Nazis used the terms 'asocial' and 'workshy' to categorise together a heterodox group of people who failed to conform to their social norms. This group included vagrants, beggars, alcoholics, drug addicts, prostitutes, nonconformists, and pacifists.

SS

The SS controlled the German police forces and the concentration camp system. Heinrich Himmler Reichsführer-SS (Reich Leader of the SS) 1929

Reichstag Fire

The fire was used as evidence by the Nazis that the Communists were plotting against the German government and the event is seen as pivotal in the establishment of Nazi Germany. 27 February 1933

Kristallnacht (night of broken glass)

The name Kristallnacht comes from the shards of broken glass that littered the streets after Jewish-owned stores, buildings, and synagogues had their windows smashed.

cheapening of human life

There were so many deaths in WWI that the value of human life became less important

Jehovah's Witnesses/ why persecuted?

Throughout Jehovah's Witnesses' history, their beliefs, doctrines, and practices have engendered controversy and opposition from local governments, communities, and religious groups.

Imperialism

a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Lebensraum

additional territory considered by a nation, especially Nazi Germany, to be necessary for national survival or for the expansion of trade. any additional space needed in order to act, function,

Concordat, July 1933

an agreement or treaty, especially one between the Vatican and a secular government relating to matters of mutual interest.

progrom

an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe.

preconditions of the holocaust

antisemitism

third reich

are common names for the German Reich from 1933 to 1945, when it was under control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Under Hitler's rule, Germany was transformed into a fascist totalitarian state which controlled nearly all aspects of life. Nazi Germany ceased to exist after the Allied Forces defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe.

Spanish Civil War- Germany's involvment

commenced with the outbreak of war in July 1936, with Adolf Hitler immediately sending in powerful air and armored units to assist General Francisco Franco and his Nationalist forces.

Beer Hall Putsch

during 8-9 November 1923. About two thousand men marched to the centre of Munich where they confronted the police, which resulted in the death of 16 Nazis and four policemen.

Intentionalist vs functionalist debate

functionalist: each had a function to bring

Sudetenland Crisis

he Sudeten crisis of 1938 was provoked by the demands of Nazi Germany that the Sudetenland be annexed to Germany, which in fact took place after the later infamous Munich Agreement. When Czechoslovakia was reconstituted after the Second World War, the Sudeten Germans were largely expelled, and the region today is inhabited primarily by Czech speakers.

Enabling Law

he power to enact laws without the involvement of the Reichstag.

Social Darwinism

held that the life of humans in society was a struggle for existence ruled by "survival of the fittest,"

Bigotry

intolerance towards those who hold different opinions from oneself

Master Race

is a concept in Nazi ideology in which the Nordic race—a branch of what in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century taxonomy was called the Aryan race

Scapegoat

is the practice of singling out any party for unmerited negative treatment or blame as a scapegoat.Scapegoating may be conducted by individuals against individuals, individuals against groups, groups against individuals, and groups against groups.

Emancipation of the Jews in Europe

making them apart of the community and eliminating disabilities

Anti-Slavic prejudices

negative attitudes towards Slavic people

prejudice

opinion for a reason

Gleichschaltung

policy of coordination, Nazi term for the process by which the Nazi regime successively established a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of society.

Euthanasia program

represented a euphemistic term for a clandestine murder program which targeted for systematic killing mentally and physically disabled patients living in institutional settings in Germany and German-annexed territories.

Hindenburg

second president of Germany, appointed hitler chancellor, signed the enabling act

Article 48 & collapse of democracy in Germany

the constitution of the Weimar Republic of Germany (1919-1933) allowed the President, under certain circumstances, to take emergency measures without the prior consent of the Reichstag. This power was understood to include the promulgation of "emergency decrees

Eugenics

the social movement claiming to improve the genetic features of human populations through selective breeding and sterilization, based on the idea that it is possible to distinguish between superior and inferior elements of society

redemptive antisemitism

they are trying to save the Germans by getting rid of the Jews

Occupation of the Rhineland

took place following the armistice that brought the fighting of World War I to a close on 11 November 1918. The occupying armies consisted of American, Belgian, British and French forces.

Anschluss March 1938

union between Germany and Austria, in fact annexing the smaller nation into a greater Germany. Union with Germany had been a dream of Austrian Social Democrats since 1919.

race and space

was a 20th-century (1955-1972) competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability

Rohm, Ernst

was a German officer in the Bavarian Army and later an early Nazi leader. He was a co-founder of the Sturmabteilung ("Storm Battalion"; SA),[1] the Nazi Party militia, and later was its commander. In 1934, as part of the Night of the Long Knives, he was executed on Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler's orders as a potential rival.

Night of Long Knives

was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934, when the Nazi regime carried out a series of political murders.

Aryan

was a racial grouping commonly used in the period of the late 19th century to the mid 20th century to describe peoples of European and Western Asian heritage.

Munich conference/ Neville Chamberlain, "appeasement"

was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation "Sudetenland" was coined. his signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938, conceding the German speaking Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Germany. Hitler responded by invading Poland and then Britain declared war

Mischling

was the German term used during the Third Reich to denote persons deemed to have both Aryan and Jewish ancestry

Nazi Party Rally

was the annual rally of the Nazi Party in Germany, held from 1923 to 1938. They were large Nazi propaganda events, especially after Hitler's rise to power in 1933.

Nuremberg Laws

were anti-Jewish statutes enacted by Germany on September 15, 1935, marking a major step in clarifying racial policy and removing Jewish influences from Aryan society.

Civil Service Reform

were forced to retire from the civil service. This meant that Jews and political opponents could not serve as teachers, professors, judges, or other government positions. April 7th 1933

SA/Storm Troopers

were specialist soldiers of the German Army in World War I.