Homework 4 Endocrine System

Which hormone has only one known effect: to stimulate milk production by the breasts?

prolactin

Thyroid hormone production requires the presence of both iodine and calcium.

FALSE

A hormone typically produces one or more of the following changes

alters plasma membrane permeability or membrane potential, or both, by opening or closing ion channels; stimulates synthesis of enzymes and other proteins within the cell; activates or deactivates enzymes; induces secretory activity; and/or stimulates mitosis.

What gland secretes growth hormone?

anterior pituitary

Hypocalcemia could be caused by the ______

apoptosis of parathyroid cells failure of osteoclasts to respond to PTH (parathyroid hormone/parathormone) malfunction of the parathormone receptors in kidney tubule cells Parathyroid hormone (parathormone) is secreted in response to hypocalcemia. It functions to stimulate osteoclast activity, enhances the reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys, and increases absorption of calcium by the intestinal mucosal cells.

What hormone is released by the cells pictured in letter D? (Within the cells matrix - pink area between the cells)

calcitonin These humorally-stimulated cells respond to increasing levels of calcium in the blood and secrete calcitonin to counteract it.

What is the target organ of thyroid hormones' metabolic effects?

cells of the body Thyroid hormones secreted by the thyroid gland target cells of the body to modulate metabolism.

Hormones bring about their characteristic effects by altering target cell activity, increasing or decreasing the rates of normal cellular processes. Which of the following is NOT a typical effect brought on by hormones?

changing the structure of the target cell's cytoskeleton

Glands that secrete their products into surrounding tissue fluids are classified as ______ glands, whereas glands that secrete onto a membrane surface are classified as _____ glands.

endocrine; exocrine

Which of the following is NOT a steroid-based hormone?

epinephrine

The beta cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin.

TRUE

The parathyroid glands respond to which type of stimulus?

humoral

What type of stimulation controls parathyroid release?

humoral stimulated by the actual level of calcium in the blood rather than by neural or hormonal stimulus.

What property of a hormone would allow it to pass unassisted through a plasma membrane?

lipid-soluble

Which of the following is NOT a change typically produced by a hormonal stimulus?

stimulates production of an action potential

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________.

the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ