Homework 5 - Chp 7 & 10

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16) The biochemical property of lectins that is the basis for most of their biological effects is their ability to bind to: A) amphipathic molecules. B) hydrophobic molecules. C) specific lipids. D) specific oligosaccharides. E) specific peptides.

LECTINS read sugar codes and mediate biological processes via them; bind with high affinity and specificity to CHOs (carbohydrates...i.e. sugars) D) specific oligosaccharides.

7) Which of the following pairs is interconverted in the process of mutarotation? A) D-glucose and D-fructose B) D-glucose and D-galactose C) D-glucose and D-glucosamine D) D-glucose and L-glucose E) alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose

MUTAROTATION = when alpha and beta anomers interconvert in aqueous solution; one ring form briefly opens into its linear form, then closes to produce the other anomer form E) alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose

8) Which of the following is not a reducing sugar? A) Fructose B) Glucose C) Glyceraldehyde D) Ribose E) Sucrose

NON-REDUCING SUGAR = sugars that do not have a free anomeric carbon that can be reduced to from a glycosidic bond with another monosaccharide E) Sucrose

27) Which of the following statements about sterols is true? A) All sterols share a fused-ring structure with four rings. B) Sterols are found in the membranes of all living cells. C) Sterols are soluble in water, but less so in organic solvents such as chloroform. D) Cholesterol is the principal sterol in fungi. E) The principal sterol of animal cells is ergosterol.

A) All sterols share a fused-ring structure with four rings.

10) From the abbreviated name of the compound Gal(beta1--> 4)Glc, we know that: A) C-4 of glucose is joined to C-1 of galactose by a glycosidic bond. B) the compound is a D-enantiomer. C) the galactose residue is at the reducing end. D) the glucose is in its pyranose form. E) the glucose residue is the beta anomer.

A) C-4 of glucose is joined to C-1 of galactose by a glycosidic bond.

24) Which of the following is true of sphingolipids? A) Cerebrosides and gangliosides are sphingolipids. B) Phosphatidylcholine is a typical sphingolipid. C) They always contain glycerol and fatty acids. D) They contain two esterified fatty acids. E) They may be charged, but are never amphipathic.

A) Cerebrosides and gangliosides are sphingolipids.

14) In glycoproteins, the carbohydrate moiety is always attached through the amino acid residues: A) asparagine, serine, or threonine. B) aspartate or glutamate. C) glutamine or arginine. D) glycine, alanine, or aspartate. E) tryptophan, aspartate, or cysteine.

A) asparagine, serine, or threonine.

21) Sphingosine is not a component of: A) cardiolipin. B) ceramide. C) cerebrosides. D) gangliosides. E) sphingomyelin.

A) cardiolipin.

5) Which of following is an anomeric pair? A) D-glucose and D-fructose B) D-glucose and L-fructose C) D-glucose and L-glucose D) alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose E) alpha-D-glucose and beta-L-glucose

ANOMER = isomeric forms of monosaccharides that differ only in their configuration about the hemiacetal or hemiketal carbon atom D) alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose

4) Which of the following is an epimeric pair? A) D-glucose and D-glucosamine B) D-glucose and D-mannose C) D-glucose and L-glucose D) D-lactose and D-sucrose E) L-mannose and L-fructose

B) D-glucose and D-mannose

1) Which of the following monosaccharides is not an aldose? A) Erythrose B) Fructose C) Glucose D) Glyceraldehyde E) Ribose

B) Fructose

26) Which of the following answers is not true? A) Phospholipase A1 hydrolyzes the fatty acid from the 1-position on the glycerol backbone. B) Phospholipase B1 hydrolyzes the fatty acid from the 2-position on the glycerol backbone. C) Phospholipase C hydrolyzes the complete phospho-head group from the glycerol backbone. D) Phospholipase D hydrolyzes just the head group from the phospho-glycerol backbone.

B) Phospholipase B1 hydrolyzes the fatty acid from the 2-position on the glycerol backbone.

19) Biological waxes are all: A) triesters of glycerol and palmitic acid. B) esters of single fatty acids with long-chain alcohols. C) triesters of glycerol and three long chain saturated fatty acids. D) sphingolipids. E) None of the above

B) esters of single fatty acids with long-chain alcohols. "Biological waxes - esters of Long-chain sat. (C-14 to C-36) and unsat.(C16 to C30) FAs with Alcohols"

25) A compound containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) is: A) cardiolipin. B) ganglioside GM2. C) phosphatidylcholine. D) platelet-activating factor. E) sphingomyelin.

B) ganglioside GM2.

13) The basic structure of a proteoglycan consists of a core protein and a: A) glycolipid. B) glycosaminoglycan. C) lectin. D) lipopolysaccharide. E) peptidoglycan.

B) glycosaminoglycan.

11) Which of the following statements about starch and glycogen is false? A) Amylose is unbranched; amylopectin and glycogen contain many (alpha 1-->6) branches. B) Both are homopolymers of glucose. C) Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls. D) Both starch and glycogen are stored intracellularly as insoluble granules. E) Glycogen is more extensively branched than starch.

C) Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls.

2) The reference compound for naming D and L isomers of sugars is: A) fructose. B) glucose. C) glyceraldehyde. D) ribose. E) sucrose.

C) glyceraldehyde

6) When the linear form of glucose cyclizes, the product is a(n): A) anhydride. B) glycoside. C) hemiacetal. D) lactone. E) oligosaccharide.

C) hemiacetal.

18) Triacylglycerols are composed of: A) a glycerol backbone. B) three fatty acids. C) amide linkages between the fatty acids and the glycerol. D) A and B above. E) A, B, and C above.

D) A and B above.

9) When forming the disaccharide maltose from two glucose monosaccharides: A) water is eliminated. B) a hemiacetal is converted to an acetal. C) the resulting disaccharide is no longer a reducing sugar. D) Both A and B E) A, B, and C above

D) Both A and B

12) Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide? A) Cellulose B) Chitin C) Glycogen D) Hyaluronate E) Starch

D) Hyaluronate

15) Which of the following is a dominant feature of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria? A) Amylose B) Cellulose C) Glycoproteins D) Lipopolysaccharides E) Lipoproteins

D) Lipopolysaccharides

20) Which of the following contains an ether-linked alkyl group? A) Cerebrosides B) Gangliosides C) Phosphatidyl serine D) Platelet-activating factor E) Sphingomyelin

D) Platelet-activating factor

22) Which of the following statements about membrane lipids is true? A) Glycerophospholipids are found only in the membranes of plant cells. B) Glycerophospholipids contain fatty acids linked to glycerol through amide bonds. C) Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine), which is used as an emulsifier in margarine and chocolate, is a sphingolipid. D) Some sphingolipids include oligosaccharides in their structure. E) Triacylglycerols are the principal components of erythrocyte membranes.

D) Some sphingolipids include oligosaccharides in their structure.

3) When two carbohydrates are epimers: A) one is a pyranose, the other a furanose. B) one is an aldose, the other a ketose. C) they differ in length by one carbon. D) they differ only in the configuration around one carbon atom. E) they rotate plane-polarized light in the same direction.

D) they differ only in the configuration around one carbon atom

17) Which of the following molecules or substances contain, or are derived from, fatty acids? A) Beeswax B) Prostaglandins C) Sphingolipids D) Triacylglycerols E) All of the above contain or are derived from fatty acids.

E) All of the above contain or are derived from fatty acids.

23) Which of the following is not a glycerophospholipid? A) Phosphatidylcholine B) Phosphatidylethanolamine C) Phosphatidylserine D) Cardiolipin E) Ceramide

E) Ceramide


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