Homework: Chapter 6 - Integument

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.

dead

The dermis is ______ to the epidermis and contains primarily ______.

deep; collagen fibers

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

eleidin

The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.

epidermal appendages

The most superficial layer of the integument is the ______.

epidermis

Match the terms with their function.

1. Periderm: layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium. 2. Vernix caseosa: waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells. 3. Mesenchyme: layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis.

In the development of embryonic skin, the ______ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the ______ gives rise to the dermis.

1. basal 2. mesenchyme

In what two ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired?

1. fibrosis 2. regeneration

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are ______ and the protein they produce is called ______.

1. keratinocytes 2. keratin

Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and ______ of the hands and fingers, the sides and ______ of the feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.

1. palms 2. soles

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?

1. protects the body 2. provides thermal insulation 3. acts as an energy reservoir

Epidermal strata

1. stratum corneum 2. stratum lucidum 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum spinosum 5. stratum basale

Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.

Dendritic

True or false: The palms of the hands have more hair than the soles of the feet.

False

A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.

blood vessels

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.

corneum

The two distinct layers of the integument consist of a layer of stratified squamous epithelium called the ______ and a deeper layer of areolar and dense irregular connective tissue called the ______.

epidermis; dermis

First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling).

epidermis; redness

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are types of ______ glands of skin.

exocrine

Friction ridges on the tips of fingers are known as ______.

fingerprints

Within the stratum, granulosum begins a process called ______.

keratinization

The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.

living; dead

In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum ______.

lucidum

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.

melanocytes

During the process of keratinization, the cell's ______ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.

nucleus

When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.

sensory nerve

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.

stratified squamous

The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.

stratum basale

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.

stratum corneum

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.

sweat; sebaceous

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.

tactile cells

The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.

thick skin

The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called ______.

transpiration

Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.

body; edge

The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ______ of keratinocytes from UV radiation.

nucleus

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata?

1. spinosum 2. granulosum

In first-degree burns, the healing time averages about ______ days, and typically no scarring results.

3-5

______ layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.

3-5

There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.

corneum; granulosum; spinosum

When a person is severely burned, a primary danger is ______ because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues.

dehydration

In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.

dendritic

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum ______ , the process of keratinization begins.

granulosum

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.

hypodermis

Sunscreen usage reduces the likelihood of ______.

skin cancer

After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.

spinosum

True or false: Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function.

True

True or false: Skin cancer can develop in people of any age.

True

True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.

True