HOMEWORK - Week 5

How is a subluxed hip demonstrated on a sonogram? Femoral head is centered in the acetabulum. Femoral head rests laterally in the acetabulum. Femoral head lies medially in the acetabulum. Femoral head has posterior alignment in the acetabulum.

Femoral head rests laterally in the acetabulum.

Which tendon pathology is described as an anechoic or heterogeneous area within a tendon with refractive shadowing? Complete tendon rupture Partial tendon tear Tendonitis Tendon hamartoma

Complete tendon rupture

What is the normal sonographic appearance of a muscle? Bull's eye appearance in transverse Hyperechoic tissue with hypoechoic stranding pattern Hypoechoic tissue with linear echogenic strands Echogenic fibrous structures

Hypoechoic tissue with linear echogenic strands

What part of the testicle produces sperm? Tunica albuginea Seminiferous tubules Rete testis Epididymis

Seminiferous tubules

What is the most common cancer found in a patient with cryptorchidism? Orchiopexy Seminoma Granuloma Teratoma

Seminoma

What is the Graf technique? A) A technique used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum to determine if developmental hip dysplasia is present. B) A technique where the alpha and beta angles are used to access the depth of the acetabulum. C) A technique where developmental dysplasia of the hip is more likely with a larger alpha angle and a smaller beta angle. D) The Graf technique looks at the femoral head coverage of the acetabulum. If coverage is 45% to 50%, the Graf test is considered normal.

A) A technique used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum to determine if developmental hip dysplasia is present.

Which of the following correctly identifies the path sperm take from origin to the seminal vesicles? A) Seminiferous tubules > straight tubule > efferent duct > epididymis > ductus deferens > seminal vesicle B) Seminiferous tubules > efferent duct > epididymis > straight tubule > ductus deferens > seminal vesicle C) Seminiferous tubules > ductus deferens > straight tubule > efferent duct > epididymis > seminal vesicle D) Seminiferous tubules > efferent duct > epididymis > ductus deferens > straight tubule > seminal vesicle

A)Seminiferous tubules > straight tubule > efferent duct > epididymis > ductus deferens > seminal vesicle

What is the Thompson test used to help diagnose? Achilles tendon rupture Achilles tendonitis Hip dysplasia Arthrogryposis

Achilles tendon rupture

A male athlete presented with pain between the heel and the calf. The area was warm to the touch. Sonogram demonstrated a focal thickened hypoechoic area within the tendon with hyperemic flow. What is the most likely diagnosis? Ruptured iliotibial tendon Achilles tendonitis Gastrocnemius tendonitis Soleus tear

Achilles tendonitis

Which of the following is not consistent with testicular torsion? Acute testicular pain localized to the superior pole of the testis is the main clinical finding for testicular torsion. Patients who demonstrate the bell-clapper deformity have a predisposition for torsion. Torsion is most common between the ages of 12 and 18. Sonography will demonstrate an enlarged hypoechoic testicle with no identifiable blood flow.

Acute testicular pain localized to the superior pole of the testis is the main clinical finding for testicular torsion.

In which planes should the infant hip be imaged to determine if developmental dislocation of the hip is present? A) Sagittal and transverse of the flexed hip at rest and with stress applied. B) Coronal and transverse of the hip in both the resting and flexed positions with and without applied stress. C) Coronal and sagittal of the flexed hip with and without applied stress. D) Sagittal, coronal, and transverse of the hip both resting and flexed positions with applied stress.

B) Coronal and transverse of the hip in both the resting and flexed positions with and without applied stress.

An infant patient presents with a history of a breech birth, asymmetric skinfolds on the legs, and a difference in length between both lower limbs. What tests should be conducted as an initial assessment of developmental dislocation of the hip? Graf test Alpha and beta angle test Pavlik test Barlow and Ortolani test

Barlow and Ortolani test

How does blood drain from the testicles? A) LT and RT testicular veins drain into the inferior vena cava (IVC). B) The pampiniform plexus empties into the RT and LT testicular veins which then empty into the IVC. C) The pampiniform plexus empties into the RT and LT testicular veins; then the RT testicular vein drains into the IVC and the LT drains into the LT renal vein. D) The pampiniform plexus empties into the RT and LT testicular veins; then the RT testicular vein drains into the RT renal vein and the LT drains into the IVC.

C) The pampiniform plexus empties into the RT and LT testicular veins; then the RT testicular vein drains into the IVC and the LT drains into the LT renal vein.

What is a subluxated hip? Dislocation of the hip Partial dislocation of the hip Hip with missing acetabular rim Absent femoral head

Partial dislocation of the hip

What is the endocrine function of the testis? Production of sperm Production of seminal fluid Production of testosterone Production of prostaglandin

Production of testosterone

What is the most common scrotal mass? Spermatocele Seminoma Embryonal cell tumor Choriocarcinoma

Spermatocele

Which of the following statements is false with respect to developmental dysplasia of the infant hip (DDH)? The Barlow test is used to determine if the hip dislocates whereas the Ortolani test is used to realign a dislocated hip. DDH is linked with spina bifida and arthrogryposis. The cause of DDH is thought to be degeneration of the acetabulum caused by maternal hormones. DDH is more common in female infants.

The cause of DDH is thought to be degeneration of the acetabulum caused by maternal hormones.

How is testicular echotexture described? The testicles are isoechoic to each other, but hypoechoic to thyroid tissue. The RT testicle is slightly more echogenic than the LT. The testicles are isoechoic to each other and similar to that of the thyroid gland. The testicle is slightly hypoechoic to the epididymis and isoechoic to the thyroid gland.

The testicles are isoechoic to each other and similar to that of the thyroid gland.

A 90-year-old patient presents with painless bilateral scrotal swelling over a period of 2 years. What findings should the sonographer anticipate? Testicular mass Enlarged testicles with absent blood flow Large varicoceles with bilateral hydrocele Thickened scrotal wall with bilateral hydrocele

Thickened scrotal wall with bilateral hydrocele

A 35-year-old male patient presents with infertility and a palpable extratesticular mass on the LT side. Sonogram demonstrates multiple anechoic tubular structures in the LT adjacent to the testicle. What can the sonographer suggest to help solidify the diagnosis? A) Augmentation of the leg will increase the blood in the testicular veins highlighting the dilated vessels. B) Deep inspiration will increase intra-abdominal pressure causing increased blood flow in the scrotal veins. C) Valsalva maneuver will cause the veins to fill with blood and become more dilated with increased blood flow. D) Deep expiration will keep blood in the veins causing them to become more dilated.

C) Valsalva maneuver will cause the veins to fill with blood and become more dilated with increased blood flow.