HORT 106- Final Exam
Which of the following are not temperate tree fruits? a. Bananas b. Apples c. Peaches d. Cherries
A. Bananas
Which of the following are not true about the bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)? a. Bur oak is fast-growing tree. b. Bur oak is long lived (200+ years). c. Bur oak has a deeply ridged and furrowed rough bark. d. Bur oak is considered a tough and adaptable species.
A. Bur oak is a fast-growing tree.
Proper lawn fertilization: a. Improves the lawn's density, color, uniformity, and recuperative ability b. Includes applying fertilizer weekly with 4 pounds of actual nitrogen per 1,000ft. c. Includes applying fertilizers with an analysis 35-35-35 d. All of the above
A. Improves the lawn's density, color, uniformity, and recuperative ability
Which of these garden pests attacks turf roots in the larval stage and garden plant leaves when an adult? a. Japanese beetle b. emerald ash borer c. tomato hornworm d. spider mite
A. Japanese beetle
When inspecting and buying new woody plans, which of the following statements apply? a. Roots should be firm and white b. Roots on a container-grown plant should form a solid mass around the outside of the root ball. c. Roots are only a minor consideration since they are out-of-sight once planted. d. None of the above.
A. Roots should be firm and white
Which of the following is not true about the eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)? a. The eastern white pine maintains a uniform conical habit with old age. b. The eastern white pine is a narrow-leaved conifer. c. The eastern white pine grows best in well-drained to average soils. d. The eastern white pine is native to eastern parts of the US and Canada and some western parts of Canada.
A. The eastern white pine maintains a uniform conical habit with old age.
When mulching a newly transplanted tree: A. The mulch should be applied to a depth of 2-3 inches. B. The mulch should be deepest against the trunk and tapering towards the edges. C. The best mulch to use is something inorganic that won't rot, such as gravel. D. New trees should never be mulched for the first year.
A. The mulch should be applied to a depth of 2-3 inches
Which of the following are not true about Boxwoods, Buxus spp.? a. They are adapted to wet sites. b. They are grown mostly for their foliage effects. c. They tolerate shearing. d. They are a common feature of formal European gardens.
A. They are adapted to wet sites.
Annual bedding plants are pinched: a. To encourage branching and flower production b. To eliminate seed production c. To discourage wet-soil tolerance d. Because annual bedding plants enjoy being pinched
A. To encourage branching and flower production
Which group of insects has the greatest number of species in Illinois? a. beetles b. aphids and leafhoppers c. wasps, ants, and bees d. None of the above
A. beetles
Glyphosate (Roundup®): a. Is used to kill turf prior to creating a new planting bed or garden b. Is a selective pre-emergence fungicide c. Is only taken into plants via root uptake d. All of the above
A. is used to kill turf prior to creating a new planting bed or garden
Immature insects: a. often cause more damage than the adult stage b. all have chewing mouthparts c. fly from plant to plant d. are able to reproduce
A. often cause more damage than the adult stage
When pruning most narrow-leaved evergreens (except pines): A. you can remove the tips of branches as long as there are some green leaves remaining. B. you cannot remove the tips of branches without killing the branch. C. you can prune them to the ground and they will regrow. D. narrow leaved evergreens should never be pruned.
A. you can remove the tips of branches as long as there are some green leaves remaining.
Why is Illinois no longer the largest producer of pears in the US? a. Labor costs became excessive b. A major disease problem called fire blight was introduced to Illinois from the east coast c. Illinois residents stopped eating pears d. Illinois lost its federal license to produce pears
B. A major disease problem called fire blight was introduced to Illinois from the east coast
Which of the following fruit trees produce most of their fruit on spurs? a. Apples and Peaches b. Apples and Pears c. Peaches and Pears d. None of the above
B. Apples and Pears
Which of the following is not true about the giant sequoia (Sequiadendron giganteum)? a. Giant sequoia can live about 4000 years of age. b. Giant sequoia is native only to China. c. Giant sequoia has rot-resistant wood. d. Giant sequoia is an evergreen.
B. Giant sequoia is native only to China
If you want to add a linear flower form to your floral arrangement, which of the following species should you chose? a. Rose b. Gladiolus c. Poinsettia d. Coreopsis e. all of the above
B. Gladiolus
Coldframes and hotbeds differ in that: a. Coldframes are glazed and hotbeds are not b. Hotbeds are artificially heated and coldframes are not c. Coldframes are only used in the winter and hotbeds are only used in summer d. There are no differences between coldframes and hotbeds
B. Hotbeds are artificially heated and coldframes are not
Which of the following are true about the smooth hydrangea, Hydrangea arborescens? a. It is native to Europe. b. It has showy white flowers for a long period. c. It has good orange fall color. d. It is a large shrub, growing 8-9 feet tall. e. All of the above.
B. It has showy white flowers for a long period
Most temperate zone fruit trees perform best if they are in: a. Dry and shallow soils b. Moist and well-drained soils c. Wet and heavy soils d. Sandy and dry soils
B. Moist and well-drained soils
Partial shade gardens: a. Receive 4-6 hours of direct sunlight daily b. Receive dappled sunlight a couple of hours daily c. Are commonly planted with petunias and ornamental peppers d. Are never mulched
B. Received dappled sunlight a couple of hours daily
Rhizomatous lawn grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass: a. Spread by aboveground horizontal stems b. Spread by below ground horizontal stems c. Don't spread ad they grow d. None of the above
B. Spread below ground horizontal stems
When cutting flowers for a vase arrangement, what length should you cut the stems? a. The height of the stems above the vase should be 1 and 1/2 times the height of the vase b. The height of the stems above the vase should be equal to the height of the vase c. The stems should not be longer than the height of the vase d. There are no design principles regarding stem length for vase arrangements
B. The height of the stems above the vase should be equal to the height of the vase
What is meant by training a fruit tree? a. The process whereby young trees learn good manners b. The pruning process that establishes the initial overall structure of the tree that includes the leader and main scaffold branches c. The process of getting a new tree ready to be transplanted d. The pruning process that maintains the overall structure of the tree as long as the tree lives
B. The pruning process that establishes the initial overall structure of the tree that includes the leader and main scaffold branches
Which of the following is true about the most commonly grown type of strawberries-the spring-or June-bearing varieties? a. They product their berries beginning in June and continue flowering and fruiting throughout the season b. They produce their berries over a 2-week period in June (Midwest) c. They produce much higher yields in a year than the everbearing or day neutral varieties d. They produce their heaviest crop in their first year
B. They produce their berries over a 2-week period in June (Midwest)
Which of the following are not true statements about floral preservatives? a. They provide sugars to the plants b. They provide protein to the plants c. They contain a bactericide d. They contain an acidifying agent e. They prolong the life of cut flowers
B. They provide protein to the plants
Which of the following 2 species could be interplanted because one of the species' foliage would die back after blooming in Spring and the other would emerge and mature late Spring thus hiding the dying foliage? a. dalily and sedum b. catmint and daffodil c. hosta and daylily d. catmint and hosta
B. catmint and daffodil
Which of the following species would not perform well in a landscape bed that received 'full shade' (no direct sunlight all day? a. hosta b. daylily c. lambs ear d. vinca
B. daylily
According to Douglas Tallamy, the diversity of plant species we grow on our home landscape has a direct impact on: a. only the visual aspects of the landscape b. the food available for wildlife and therefore the diversity of wildlife (including insects) in our neighborhood and the planet c. higher levels of rain runoff (clarification: higher levels of diversity "causes" more rain to runoff the surface of the home yard) d. a how 'jungle-like' the landscape can feel
B. the food available for wildlife and therefore the diversity of wildlife (including insects) in our neighborhoods and the planet
Cool-season lawn grasses a. perform well when soil temperatures are 80 to 95*F. b. usually flower in the spring or early summer c. usually flower in the later summer or early fall d. are always annuals
B. usually flower in the spring or early summer
How many annual bedding plants will be required when planting a 60 square feet on 4-inch spacing? a. 60 plants b. 240 plants c. 540 plants d. None of the above
C. 540 plants
Which of the following are true about evergreen leaves? a. All evergreens with narrow leaves drop their foliage after 2 years. b. Narrow-leaved evergreens have leaves that remain on the plant for the entire life of the tree. c. A picturesque habit is irregular, but yet is pleasing to the eye; often with bold, coarse branching. d. Most evergreens perform best in alkaline soils.
C. A picturesque habit is irregular, but yet is pleasing to the eye; often with bold, coarse branching
Which of the following statements is not true? a. Gladiolus are grown from a bulb b. It is difficult to get a poinsettia to re-bloom in a home setting c. Alstroemeria are native to the United States d. Balance in floral design can be symmetrical or asymmetrical e. Coneflowers are native to the United States
C. Alstroemeria are native to the United States
As a landscape design principle, mass collection refers to: a. A collection of heavy objects, such as rocks, piled in the landscape b. Clustering a variety of different elements together in a mass c. Clustering same elements together to achieve order in a landscape design d. Clustering same elements together to achieve unity in a landscape design
C. Clustering same elements together to achieve order in a landscape design
With respect to the design principles presented in this lesson, a symmetrical planting design: a. Is visually confusing b. Creates a sense of unity in the landscape c. Creates a sense of order in the landscape d. Does not fulfill a design principle
C. Creates a sense of order in the landscape
Blueberries need: a. Neutral pH soils b. Moderate shade c. Good soil drainage d. Aluminum sulfate for best growth
C. Good soil drainage
How long should the staking remain on a small (less than 2" or 5 cm diameter) newly transplanted tree? A. One week B. One month C. One year D. Three years
C. One year
Which of the following grasses would NOT be the best choice to create a visual screen (5' or taller) in the landscape? a. Karl Foerster Feather Reed Grass b. Northwind switch grass c. Prairie dropseed d. Big blue stem
C. Prarie dropseed
Cloches: a. Are used kill unwanted landscape shrubs b. Are artificially heated c. Protect young plants and seedling in spring from cold weather d. Must remain in place throughout the entire growing season to be effective
C. Protect young plants and seedling in the spring from cold weather
Proper lawn disease control: a. Off-label use of pesticides b. Includes frequent applications of fungicides c. Reliance on proper culture and disease-resistant turf cultivars d. None of the above
C. Reliance on proper culture and diseases-resistant turf cultivars
Blueberries: a. Are fast-growing plants b. Bear their largest crops beginning in their second year c. Ripen their fruit over 6-8 weeks d. Never need pruning
C. Ripen their fruit over 6-8 weeks
Which of the following plants produces a foul-smelling fruit-like spherical fruit-like structure? a. The Canadian hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis) b. The American holly (Ilex opaca) c. The ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) d. Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus)
C. The ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)
When planting a new tree, which of the following are recommended? A. Dig a hole that is 2-3 times deeper than the root system of the plant. B. Wire baskets should be removed prior to placing a plant into the planting hole. C. The root flair should just be visible above the level of the soil. D. The twine or rope that circles the trunk at the top of a balled and burlapped tree should remain intact.
C. The root flair should just be visible above the level of the soil
Which of the following is true about pollination of apples? a. They are all sterile because they are triploid b. They are all self-fertile c. They are all self-sterile d. None of the above is true.
C. They are all self-sterile
Which of the following are true about blackberries? a. They always have thorny stems b. When they are picked the core stays on the plant c. They are cultivars that can be grown in central Illinois d. They are usually started from seed in the garden
C. They are cultivars that can be grown in central Illinois
Half-hardy annual bedding plants will: a. Tolerate frost b. Require full sun c. Will not tolerate frost d. Require partial shade
C. Will not tolerate frost
A sucker is: A. a new shoot arising from one of the above-ground branches of a tree. B. a type of pruning tool with a suction cup on the end. C. a new shoot arising from the base of the trunk or root system. D. the same as a watersprout.
C. a new shoot arising from the base of the trunk or root system
The correct way to shear a hedge is to: A. make the top wider than the bottom B. make the top the same width as the bottom C. make the top narrower than the bottom D. it does not matter, all of the above are correct
C. make the top narrower than the bottom
Which of these grass species are recommended for planting in Illinois lawns? a. quackgrass b. zoysiagrass c. tall fescue c. green foxtail
C. tall fescue
When performing directional pruning on the branch of a tree that has opposite leaves: A. the best place to make the cut is centered between the two nodes. B. the best place to make the cut is just beyond a pair of buds, leaving both buds intact. C. the best place to make the cut is to cut close to the buds, removing one of the opposite buds. D. the best place to make the cut is just below the pair of buds.
C. the best place to make the cut is to cut close to the buds, removing one of the opposite buds.
Parasitic wasps often attack this garden pest: a. Japanese beetle b. emerald ash borer c. tomato hornworm d. spider mite
C. tomato hornworm
The thorax region of the insect body is responsible for: a. breathing, tasting, smelling, feeling, thinking, and eating b. seeing, tasting, smelling, feeling, thinking and eating c. walking, running, jumping, swimming, and flying d. None of the above
C. walking, tasting, smelling, feeling, thinking, and eating
Newly transplanted trees should have their trunks wrapped: A. all year around for the first 5 years. B. if they are smooth-barked. C. every winter until the bark roughens D. A and B. E. B and C.
D. A and B
Raspberries: a. Are available in yellow, orange, red, and black cultivars b. Must be replanted every year in the garden c. Are available as virus-free plants d. A and C are true e. All of the above
D. A and C are true
Coleus: a. Is usually grown because of showy, variably colored foliage b. Tolerates shade c. Can grow in containers and in the foreground and Midborer of beds d. All of the above
D. All of the above
Growing media used in containers should: a. Provide water and mineral nutrients to plants b. Free of weed seeds, diseases, and insects c. Be well drained and aerated d. All of the above
D. All of the above
Soil nitrogen level is usually not included in standard toil tests because of: a. High nitrogen use rate b. Nitrogen mobility on the soil c. The level of soil nitrogen fluctuates d. All of the above *********************
D. All of the above
When mowing lawn grasses: a. Use the 1/3 rule so that turf root growth is not interrupted b. Raise the mowing height to increase root production when the grass is stressed c. Mow tall fescue 2-3.5 inches d. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements about evergreen trees is/are true? a. The culture of narrow-leaved evergreen trees is generally easier than that of broad-leaved evergreen trees in the Midwest. b. Winter injury to evergreen trees in the Midwest is essentially the result of an acute shortage of water or a freezing and rupture of the cells in the leaf. c. Narrow-leaved evergreen trees expose a smaller portion of their leaf surface area perpendicular to the sun than broad-leaved evergreens. d. All of the above.
D. All of the above
Why are transplants commonly used to establish annual bedding plants beds? a. Germination problems are not an issue b. Flowers are often evident c. The number of plant required to fill a bed is known d. All of the above
D. All of the above
The most commonly planted plants in containers are: a. Woody shrubs b. Trees c. Herbaceous perennials d. Annual bedding plants
D. Annual bedding plants
Island beds: a. Are usually best viewed from the north b. Are usually placed in front of a fence or wall c. Use edging plants that are very tall d. Are designed to be viewed from any direction
D. Are designed to be viewed from any direction
Grapes: a. Have no significant pest or disease problems b. Require heaving pruning each year c. Are very sensitive to the herbicide, 2, 4-D d. B and C are true e. All of the above are true
D. B and C are true
Which of the following are consumed in the greatest quantity in the US? a. Apples b. Peaches c. Pears d. Bananas e. Cherries
D. Bananas
Fertilizers are: a. Never applied to annual bedding plants b. Best applied to annual bedding plants at planting and periodically throughout the growing season c. Only applied to annual bedding plants in organic forms d. Applied heavily to partial shade gardens to take the place of sunlight
D. Best applied to annual bedding plants at planting and periodically throughout the growing season
Bulbs should be planted a. In April in a partial shade location b. In September or October in a full shade location c. In July or August in a full sun location d. In September or October in a full sun location
D. In September or October in a full sun location
Proper lawn watering: a.Includes watering in late afternoon b. Includes watering in winter c. Includes watering daily with frequent, light applications d. Includes supplying 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week during the growing season to keep the lawn green
D. Includes supplying 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week during the growing season to keep the lawn green
Most soil tests recommend amending new garden plantings and bed with: a. Sand b. Silt c. Clay d. None of the above
D. None of the above
Which of the following is not true about the Canadian hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis)? a. It is native to the eastern part of the US b. It has a dark green foliage color c. Requires full sun. d. It is susceptible to the hemlock adelgid insect.
D. Requires full sun.
What is the difference between sweet and sour cherries? a. Sweet cherries are more cold hardy b. Sweet and sour cherries are the same species c. Sour cherries have a higher sugar content d. Sour cherries are more cold hardy
D. Sour cherries are more cold hardy
In fruit trees, a 45 degree branch angle differs from a 90-degree branch a. The 45-degree angle is stronger b. Trees never produce branch angles as narrow as 45 degrees c. The 90-degree branch angle is weaker d. The 90-degree branch angle is stronger
D. The 90-degree branch angle is stronger
A good backyard design should aim to overcome the typical problems of: a. feeling on display for the neighbors when spending time in the back yard too much sun or wind exposure b. poorly defined edges c. inadequate space to engage in desired activities, e.g., the patio surface is too small to support both dining and cooking d. all of the above
D. all of the above
Dead plant debris in planting beds a. can be removed in the Fall b. can be left in place over Winter and removed in the Spring c. can provide habitat for wildlife during the winter d. all of the above
D. all of the above
Proper soil preparation prior to lawn establishment includes: a. controlling existing vegetation b. conducting a soil test c. establishing surface drainage d. all of the above
D. all of the above
The benefits of lawns include: a. Improving landscape aesthetics b. Purifying water c. Providing a surface for stress reduction, recreation, and exercise d. all of the above
D. all of the above
Turfgrass cultivars or varieties: a. should never be planted because they are so expensive. b. are usually inferior to common types of grasses. c. are recommended because they are they are usually much cheaper than common types. d. are recommended because they are usually superior to common types.
D. are recommended because they are usually superior to common types.
Flowers that smell like rotting meat or dung are often pollinated by: a. hummingbirds b. bats c. the wind d. flies
D. flies
The arrival and entry experience for visitors can feel more welcoming if: A. the entry walk is 4-5' wide B. there are plantings on both sides of the entry walk C. there are large plants hiding the front door from view creating a mysterious feeling D. only A and B
D. only A and B
Which of these garden pests is NOT an insect? a. Japanese beetle b. emerald ash borer c. tomato worm d. spider mite
D. spider mite
The Koreanspice viburnum, Viburnum carlesii, offers what ornamental features? A. Very fragrant white flowers in ball-like clusters B. Red to reddish purple fall color C. Showy magenta-pink fruit display D. A maximum height of 3 feet E. and B. F. All of the above
E. A and B
In which of the following ways can pruning improve plant health? A. To remove some of the fruiting wood or flowers on a peach tree B. To help prevent canker development C. To reduce problems with fire blight D. To lessen problems with borers E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Which of the following are true about Meserve hollies, Ilex x meserveae? a. They are evergreen. b. They can be winter damaged in exposed Midwestern sites. c. They bear bright orange-red fruits only on female plants. d. They have glossy dark green foliage. e. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Floricanes are: a. The first-year canes in raspberries b. The second-year canes in raspberries c. Die after producing fruit d. Are removed after the end of the season e. B, C, and D are true
E. B, C, and D are true
Which of the following is true for harvesting cut flowers from your garden? a. After cutting a flower stem immediately place in a bucket of cool water b. Just-cut flowers need to be conditioned for 8 hours before using in a floral arrangement c. Mid-day is the best time for harvesting d. For all flower types it is best to cut the flowers when they are fully open e. Both A and B f. All but C
E. Both A and B
The typical planting design for front yards only includes shrubs, flowers and other attractive plants planted against the house foundation. This is a problem because: A. It is difficult to maintain them there B. It is difficult to enjoy them from inside the home C. They are only visible to those who are viewing the home from the street D. All of the above
E. Both B and C
Which of the following are true about twining vines? A. They use tendrils or petioles to wrap around a trellis or support. B. They affix themselves to a rough surface with holdfasts. C. They wrap their stems around a trellis or other support. D. They require a trellis or some support to climb. E. Both C and D.
E. Both C and D
Herbaceous perennials: a. can provide year-round interest in that landscape b. can provide food and shelter for insects that contribute to the productivity c. Don't require any maintenance because they don't have to be replanted every Spring d. All of the above e. Only A and B
E. Only A and B
When planting perennials you should a. space them so that the plant edges almost touch each other b. space them so that the plant edges will not touch until they grow to mature size c. consider the foliage color and texture when planting multiple species together d. include some species that provide food for pollinators e. only B, C, and D
E. Only B, C, and D
A branch collar: A. can speed up the healing process after branch removal. B. is the swollen area at the base of each branch. C. provides structural strength to the branch. D. should be left intact during branch removal. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above
An 'outdoor room': A. creates a feeling of enclosure and thus is comfortable B. has a well defined ground plane C. has a well defined vertical plane D. has a well defined overhead plane E. all of the above F. only A and C
E. all of the above
The multi-season of interest characteristics of the apple serviceberry, Amelanchier x grandiflora, include: a. "clean" (free from insect and disease problems) foliage. b. showy white flowers. c. edible bluish purple fruits. d. excellent yellow, orange or red fall color. e. all of the above. f. none of the above.
E. all of the above
Which of the following are true statements? a. Flower stems need to be cut underwater to prevent an air bubble from entering the stem and blocking water uptake b. Leaves should be removed from flower stems if the leaves will be submerged in the vase c. Floral preservatives can be made using ingredients found at home d. The water in floral arrangements should be periodically replaced with a fresh solution of water and floral preservative e. Only A and D f. All of the above
F. All of the above
Which of the following are referred to as a succulent? a. Amaryllis b. Thanksgiving cactus c. Kalanchoe d. Chrysanthemum e. Only B and D f. Only B and C
F. Only B and C
The Allegheny spurge, Pachysandra procumbens: A. is native to Europe and Asia. B. is used as a groundcover. C. usually dies back to the ground each winter. D. is best used in shade. E. All of the above are true. F. Only B., C., and D. are true.
F. Only B, C, and D are true
Topiary
The art or practice of shearing or pruning plants into ornamental shapes
Regeneration/ Rejuvenation pruning
The cutting back of all stems of a shrub to a few inches above the ground
Topping
The drastic removal or cutting back of large branches in mature trees, leaving large stubs
Renewal pruning
The removal of the oldest and largest stems of a shrub to the ground
Pruning
The removal or reduction of plant parts that are not required, no longer effective or injurious to the plant
Greenhouses can be glazed with: a. Glass b. Plastic c. Fiberglass d. All of the above
d. All of the above