How do plants work
What are the waste products of respiration?
CO2 and H2O
The building blocks of proteins.
amino acid
In the absence of oxygen as a gas.
anaerobic
Lactic acid buildup during respiration is the result of:
anaerobic glycolysis
Cell activities associated with the utilization of food molecules and energy in life processes.
assimilation
(Select all that apply.) Proteins may be identified separately from fats and carbohydrates by the presence of certain elements. Choose the elements that qualify.
iron sulfur phosporus zinc nitrogen
Match the associations with the "light" and "dark" phases of photosynthesis: solar energy
light
release of O2
light
storage of energy
light
The electron transport of respiration occurs in organelles called
mitochondria
Which organelle is responsible for producing energy by the Krebs cycle?
mitochondria
All proteins contain ____________ in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
nitrogen
Plant respiration occurs:
primarily at night
The chemical energy stored in ATP during photosynthesis is released during the dark phase to:
produce a carbohydrate from CO2
A food made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and either or both, phosphorus or sulfur; provides the major portion of the life fabric or structure.
protein
The putting together of protein molecules from amino acids.
protein synthesis
Enzymes are:
proteins
Hill is known for working out reactions taking place during the _________ of photosynthesis.
reactions
Proteins are made by:
ribosomes
Van Niel's theory, later shown to be correct, claimed that the oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes from the
splitting of water molecules
A food made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, providing a source of food storage and energy for life.
carbohydrate
Enzymes are an example of proteins.
true
God designed plants to maintain not only their own food needs, but provide food energy for the world of living things.
true
Plants harvest only a small portion of the sun's energy.
true
Some of the most complex organic molecules are those of proteins.
true
Without plants there would be no food for the earth.
true
Photosynthesis continues to increase with temperature:
true within limits
The building blocks of proteins are
amino acids
Where do plants obtain the oxygen necessary to utilize foods?
from the atmosphere
What general type of plant food is produced by photosynthesis?
carbohydrates
Choose from the following list the three stages of respiration which convert food to useful energy.
glycolysis electron transport chain krebs cycle
Produced by organisms as opposed to nonliving chemical processes; also a molecule which contains carbon usually in combination with hydrogen and oxygen with or without other elements.
organic
An atmospheric gas; a by-product of the light reaction of photosynthesis; essential to aerobic respiration.
oxygen
The stage of respiration that occurs in anaerobic conditions, such as yeast fermentation.
fermentation
Name four uses of energy produced by respiration.
Uses for the energy produced by respiration include supplying sufficient energy for muscles, growth, and reparations of the cells, homeostasis, and conduction of nerve impulses in the nervous system.
Food production from plants is currently near its maximum potential -- worldwide.
false
Nearly all the mass of plants comes from well fertilized soil.
false
Proteins are the building blocks of amino acids.
false
Proteins of one plant are like proteins of other plants, but animal proteins are unlike each other and plant proteins.
false
Protoplasm consists of numerous combinations of 22 proteins.
false
Ribosomes are only found in plant cells.
false
For maximum photosynthesis, increased light intensity has greater effect than increased leaf surface area.
false: vice versa
A food made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms with higher energy storage in bonds than carbohydrates; provides energy storage and structure for life.
fat
(Select all that apply.) Choose from the following list the organic compounds that are manufactured within the cytoplasm.
fatty acids amino acids hormones carotenoids alcohols nucleic acids
Each protein molecule is made of at least ___________ amino acid units.
fifty
The _______ requirements of all organisms worldwide are linked to the sun by photosynthesis.
food
The first stage in the decomposition of glucose is called
glycolysis
Which conditions relate to the research of van Helmont
plant mass related to H2O conclusions partly correct
The oxygen which is released into the air by a plant originates from:
splitting water molecules
The tiny pores or leaf openings appearing between guard cells of the epidermis; oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between inner photosynthetic leaf cells and the atmosphere occurs through these openings.
stomate
Which statements apply to "food"?
storage medium for energy release energy during decomposition
What is the function(s) of ATP?
stores the initial energy released by respiration provides the energy for all cytoplasmic chemical synthesis
Photosynthesis is a __________ reaction, and respiration is a _________ reaction, and they cycle continuously within the plant factory.
synthesis decomposition
Jan Baptista's experiments showed
- loss of soil mass < gain of plant mass - gain of plant mass related to water
Priestly's experiments explained:
- plants are associated with O2 - animals require O2
Concerning carbohydrates
- they all contain C, O, H, - the ratio of H to C is fixed at 2:1
What do glucose, starch and cellulose have in common?
- they are various forms of sugars- they are all carbohydrates- they are all related to photosynthesis
The greatest number of people plants have the potential to feed, according to some agronomists is:
100 billion people
(adenosine diphosphate). A chemical energy compound with two phosphate groups found in living cells. ADP converts to ATP with the addition of a high-energy phosphate grouping.
ADP
(adenosine triphosphate). The high energy chemical compound with three phosphate groups that provides energy for all other cell activities.
ATP
The first chemist to begin quantifying the process of photosynthesis was:
Nicholas Theodore de Suassure
_______ energy is absorbed by photosynthesis, and energy is ____________ through respiration.
Solar released
In the presence of oxygen as a gas.
aerobic
An agricultural science that deals with crop production and improvement.
agronomy
The science which develops and studies plant varieties and production is called
agronomy
An atmospheric gas made of one carbon atom for each two oxygen atoms (CO2): important for food-making by green plants and given off as a waste product of respiration in cells.
carbon dioxide
De Saussure's experiments demonstrated the importance of water and _____________ to green plants.
carbon dioxide
An energy-sharing arrangement of atoms to each other as parts of a molecule. Carbon can make four bonds with other atoms, hydrogen one bond, oxygen two bonds. Each bond is a source of energy. Rearrangement of these may store or release energy.
chemical bond
The green chemical that makes green plants green; important in capturing the sun's light energy for use in photosynthesis.
chlorophyll
CO2 intake
dark
forms carbohydrates
dark
release of energy
dark
release of water
dark
Since carbon as an atmospheric gas is locked into a food molecule, it is termed carbon dioxide fixation. Another name for this process of photosynthesis is the
dark reaction
Current populations experiencing famine are primarily the result of lack of land to grow more plants.
false
Ingenhousz found that air would be purified only when green plants were in
sunlight
The twenty two amino acids are capable of producing _______________.
thousands of different protiens
A green house may be used to control temperature and carbon dioxide.
true
A tiny body within plant cells, the chloroplast, is the power generator for life on earth.
true
Agronomists are scientists who work to develop crops that produce more or better foods.
true
Animals and humans cannot live without protein in their diet.
true
Carbon dioxide levels above normal will increase plant growth if other factors are adequate.
true