HRM
When Jennie sees that the sun is shining brightly, she puts on sunglasses. This is A. operant behavior. B. consequential behavior. C. reward behavior. D. respondent behavior. E. contingent behavior.
A
_________ is behavior that is learned when one acts on the environment to produce desired consequences. A. Operant behavior B. Consequential behavior C. Reward behavior D. Respondent behavior E. Contingent behavior
A
_______ is the popular term for linking monetary incentives with results or accomplishments. A. Pay for rewards B. Pay for play C. Pay for performance D. Pay for incentives E. Pay as you go
C
An effective performance management system consists of four steps that form a feedback loop.
T
Cross-cultural differences and nonverbal communication both can be sources of noise between senders and receivers.
T
The functions of performance management processes include guiding employee development and making employee-related decisions.
T
In which way do employees waste time on social media? A. shopping online B. sending e-mails to coworkers C. calling customers D. conducting webinars E. surfing the Internet to research competitive products
a
Karin has to make a presentation on the new social media policy. She wants to make it creative primarily because A. it is more effective if you present your message more as a colorful story with emotion than as a detail-laden report. B. it will show off her presentation skills to her coworkers. C. she's bored doing routine PowerPoints and wants to have some fun with this project. D. employees will resent having a social media policy and this can distract them from the main point. E. co-workers will try to find excuses to skip the presentation so it doesn't really matter.
a
Younger employees also are more likely to use the Internet and social media to accomplish their tasks. This is an example of the ___________ that represent the key issue when considering communication across generations. A. expectations and norms B. rules and regulations C. corporate policies and procedures D. FCC laws E. statements by management
a
Allen makes suggestions to his boss about how the department's performance can improve. Although his boss always compliments his ideas, he never acts on them. Allen then stops making suggestions. This is an example of A. punishment. B. negative reinforcement. C. positive reinforcement. D. extinction. E. the law of effect.
D
______ goals are most relevant for knowledge work. A. Behavioral B. Objective C. Task D. Project E. Reinforcement
A
Teams are task groups that have matured to the _____ stage. A. forming B. storming C. norming D. performing E. adjourning
D
A norm is a set of expected behaviors for a particular position
F
Performance management involves monitoring, measuring, and evaluating, but does not include providing consequences for employees' performance.
F
Recent research shows that in the forming and storming stages of team development, teams perform better when members exhibit which of the following personality traits? A. low level of openness B. high tolerance for uncertainty C. high level of extraversion D. low tolerance for uncertainty E. low level of agreeableness
b
Social media benefits for employers include all the following A. expand boundaries. B. minimize cyberloafing. C. collaborate outside the organization. D. connect in real time over distance. E. collaborate within the organization.
b
Some organizations block employees' access to social media sites. This can A. ensure increased productivity for all employees. B. damage employee morale and loyalty. C. ensure that employees use personal cell phones at work. D. encourage employees to follow up on work e-mails at home. E. show employees that you trust their judgment.
b
Teams are a cornerstone of work life in today's organizations.
t
There are four key communication skills that affect your communication competence: 1. nonverbal communication 2. active listening 3. nondefensive communication 4. empathy
1
After a series of train incidents, NS&Q offered employee bonuses based on safety for the first quarter of this year. This is an example of A. positive reinforcement. B. negative reinforcement. C. extinction. D. punishment. E. respondent behavior.
A
Formal groups perform two basic functions: __________ and __________. A. personal; interpersonal B. organizational; individual C. task; maintenance D. roles; norms E. forming; adjourning
B
In which stage of the group development process do group members resolve their power struggles so that something can be accomplished? A. forming B. storming C. norming D. conforming E. performing
C
Norms only emerge on their own in group situations; they are not consciously formed.
F
Groups share norms and have goals.
T
Which of these is not an element of an effective social media policy? A. Outline consequences for violations. B. Align the policy with the organization's culture. C. Stay away from defining what is considered illegal. D. Clarify what is confidential. E. Designate a spokesperson for online policies.
c
_________ occurs when people perceive that they are being attacked or threatened. A. Offensiveness B. Assertiveness C. Aggression D. Defensiveness E. Passivity
d
Which of the following is not a suggestion as to improving communications between generations? A. Match the degree of formality with the culture. B. Use a variety of communication tools. C. Avoid stereotypes. D. Be aware of different values and motives. E. Embrace the most current technology.
e
Negative nonverbal communication skills include avoiding eye contact, ________, and speaking too fast. A. smiling B. crossing your arms C. touching someone D. leaning forward E. nodding your head
B
Negative reinforcement is A. strengthening a behavior by contingently presenting something pleasing. B. weakening a behavior by ignoring it. C. weakening a behavior through contingently presenting something displeasing. D. weakening behavior by contingently withdrawing something positive. E. strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.
E
The ____ stage is often characterized by a climate of open communication, strong cooperation, and lots of helping behavior. Cohesiveness and personal commitment to group goals help the group achieve more than could any one individual acting alone A. forming B. storming C. norming D. conforming E. performing
E
The two basic types of goals are A. learning and behavioral. B. behavioral and performance. C. performance and objective. D. project and objective. E. performance and learning.
E
We have the cognitive capacity to process words at a much higher rate than people speak. Which of the following can result from this? A. We can hear and analyze at the same time. B. We hear everything whether we process it or not. C. We do not need to pay attention to nonverbal cues. D. We can anticipate what the person will say next. E. We miss or lose some of what we hear.
E
A person who clarifies key issues for a group has taken on the role of A. evaluator. B. initiator. C. information seeker/giver. D. elaborator. E. orienter.
c
According to Schein, a crowd is merely a large group.
f
Otto is convinced that social media offers many benefits for employees and wants to institute a plan at Compass Inc. Which of the following is a potential benefit for employees? A. increased job satisfaction B. better work-life balance C. better performance and retention D. increased creativity and collaboration E. personal stability
e
The five stages are: Stage 1: Forming During the ice-breaking forming stage, group members tend to be uncertain and anxious about such unknowns as their roles, the people in charge, and the group's goals. Mutual trust is low, and there is a good deal of holding back to see who takes charge and how. Some research shows that conflict among group members is actually beneficial during this stage. For instance, early conflict in product development teams can boost creativity. However, the results can also be quite different. For example, in the life-and-death situations sometimes faced by surgical teams and airline cockpit crews, the uncertainty inherent in the early stages of development (forming and storming) can be dangerous. Stage 2: Storming The storming stage is a time of testing. Individuals test the leader's policies and assumptions as they try to decide how they fit into the power structure. Subgroups may form and resist the current direction of a leader or another subgroup. In fact, some management experts say the reason many new CEOs don't survive is that they never get beyond the storming stage. Many groups stall in Stage 2 because of the way the use of power and politics can erupt into open rebellion. Stage 3: Norming Groups that make it through Stage 2 generally do so because a respected member, other than the leader, challenges the group to resolve its power struggles so work can be accomplished. Questions about authority and power are best resolved through unemotional, matter-of-fact group discussion. A feeling of team spirit is sometimes experienced during this stage because members believe they have found their proper roles. Group cohesiveness, defined as the "we feeling" that binds members of a group together, is the principal by-product of Stage 3. Stage 4: Performing Activity during this vital stage is focused on solving task problems, as contributors get their work done without hampering others. This stage is often characterized by a climate of open communication, strong cooperation, and lots of helping behavior. Conflicts and job boundary disputes are handled constructively and efficiently. Cohesiveness and personal commitment to group goals help the group achieve more than could any one individual acting alone. Stage 5: Adjourning The group's work is done; it is time to move on to other things. The return to independence can be eased by rituals such as parties and award ceremonies celebrating the end and new beginnings. During the adjourning stage, leaders need to emphasize valuable lessons learned.
1
Which forms of consequence strengthen a desired behavior? A. positive reinforcement and extinction B. positive reinforcement and punishment C. positive and negative reinforcement D. extinction and punishment E. extinction and negative reinforcement
C
_____ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations. A. Performance appraisal B. Performance review C. Performance management D. Goal setting E. Coaching
C
A head chef of a restaurant encourages his subordinates to be creative in the culinary arts. He does not believe in using prescribed recipes while cooking. Rather, he allows them to create unique recipes and use different ingredients to prepare dishes. This implies that the head chef established _________ goals. A. learning B. procedural C. performance D. equity E. project
A
Anna blinks her eyes whenever she looks up at the sun. This is an example of A. respondent behavior. B. a learned reaction. C. behavioral contingency. D. operant behavior. E. the law of effect.
A
As a manager, Laurel has established a new work group to tackle a particular project. She has introduced all the members to each other and the group has elected a leader. However, lately Laurel has noticed that some group members are procrastinating on their duties. Two cliques have formed within the group and they are frequently arguing with and challenging the group leader's opinions. Which of the following stages of group development process is Laurel observing? A. storming B. forming C. performing D. norming E. adjourning
A
Eileen is on a five-person team in her business strategy class. The team is responsible for participating in a 10-week simulation of a firm in the airline industry. Eileen contributes frequently in discussions in the twice-weekly team meetings. She is exhibiting the ______ style of listening. A. active B. involved C. passive D. detached E. immediate
A
Group members tend to be uncertain and anxious about such unknowns as their roles, the people in charge, and the group's goals during the _____ stage. A. forming B. storming C. norming D. performing E. conforming
A
Lenore has a fight with her best friend, Samantha, and doesn't want to speak to her. She unfriends her on social media. By doing this, Lenore is using _________, thereby removing consequences from an undesirable behavior. A. extinction B. punishment C. negative reinforcement D. respondent behavior E. operant behavior
A
Matt completes his assignments on time. His teacher said that she would allow extra play time to children who submit their assignments on or before the due date. Which of the following made Matt complete his assignments on time? A. positive reinforcement B. negative reinforcement C. respondent behavior D. unlearned reflexes E. intermittent reinforcement
A
Norman is elected president of the debate club. He is known as a team player. That means that Norman is A. committed, collaborative, and competent. B. committed, controlled, and collaborative. C. controlled, capable, and content. D. committed, capable, and competent. E. committed, capable, and consistent.
A
Tracy has been part of a work group for some weeks now. She has slowly become well-acquainted with the other members and even made some new friends. Although in the beginning there were a few arguments and fights, they were resolved with time and Tracy feels a definite sense of team spirit that gets her excited about work. According to Tuckman's five-stage model of group development, which of the following stages is Tracy's group experiencing? A. norming B. storming C. performing D. adjourning E. forming
A
Alicia is meeting with her study group. She is listening to the group, but is also worried about her dad who is scheduled for surgery tomorrow. She hasn't asked as many questions or provided much information as she usually does. Alicia will focus on the conversation for a while, but then sits back and stares ahead. This is an example of a(n) ______ listener. A. active B. involved C. passive D. detached E. empathetic
B
Malcolm's boss just came into his office, obviously upset, and said, "I'm tired of you being late all the time on these projects. You need to clean up your act!" Malcolm is likeliest to respond by A. becoming an active listener. B. becoming defensive. C. correcting his problems immediately. D. increasing the effort he puts into his work. E. experiencing increased job satisfaction.
B
Manash pays attention in his management class, where the professor has entertaining, interesting visual aids. At times, he makes good eye contact with the professor, and occasionally raises his hand to ask questions. On other days, he is quiet and his eyes are on his notebook. He is exhibiting the ________ style of listening. A. active B. involved C. passive D. detached E. motivated
B
Phil is part of a newly formed work group. He has been introduced to all the group members, but he still feels like he cannot trust them. The group has not yet chosen a leader, and Phil feels unsure about his exact role within the group. According to Tuckman's five-stage model of group development, which of the following stages is Phil's group currently in? A. norming B. forming C. storming D. performing E. adjourning
B
Sales quotas and piecework are best measured using ________ goals. A. behavioral B. objective C. task D. project E. reinforcement
B
The law of effect states that A. whatever can go wrong, will go wrong. B. behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated. C. behavior with unfavorable consequences tends to be repeated. D. garbage in, garbage out. E. leadership affects how people perform.
B
Which of the following statements about norms is not true? A. Norms are shared phenomena and may apply to the group, team, or organizational level. B. Norms are typically written down and discussed openly by groups. C. Norms clarify behavioral expectations. D. Norms help group members avoid being embarrassed. E. Norms clarify central values and unique identity of a group.
B
Which of the following statements is true about Tuckman's five-stage model of group development? A. Tuckman's five-stage model of group development has limited practical application. B. The five stages are not necessarily of the same duration or intensity. C. The five stages of group development represent the punctuated equilibrium model. D. The five stages model establishes periods of stable functioning until an event causes a dramatic change in norms, roles, and/or objectives. E. The five stage model includes forming, storming, elaborating, evaluating and energizing.
B
_________ is a set of culturally learned signals by which we communicate what we mean and interpret others' meanings and evaluate one another as people. A. Linguistic intelligence B. Linguistic style C. Active style D. Defensive communication style E. Linguistic source
B
A feeling of team spirit is sometimes experienced during the _______ stage because members believe they have found their proper roles. Group cohesiveness, defined as the "we feeling" that binds members of a group together, is the principal by-product of Stage 3. A. forming B. storming C. norming D. conforming E. performing
C
A(n) _______ helps guide behavior as well as avoid and overcome conflict. A. strategic plan B. agenda C. charter D. contract E. norm
C
Barry set himself a goal of bowling at least one game above 250 (out of 300 possible) before the end of the season. This is a ________ goal. A. learning B. procedural C. performance D. equity E. project
C
Communication competence is A. the ability of a person to choose the right medium. B. sensitivity to media richness. C. an individual's ability to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context. D. an individual's ability to listen actively. E. an individual's ability to interpret nonverbal communication
C
Communication competence is A. the ability of a person to choose the right medium. B. sensitivity to media richness. C. an individual's ability to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context. D. an individual's ability to listen actively. E. an individual's ability to interpret nonverbal communication.
C
Dana is trying to talk to a client from Russia, but his Russian accent is so thick that she can hardly understand what he is saying. In this situation, ________ hampers Dana's communication with her client. A. the use of jargon B. a semantic barrier C. noise D. genderflex E. low media richness
C
Jenna and Martin complete their part of Project Zenith. Their progress is best measured against _____ goals. A. behavioral B. objective C. task D. learning E. reinforcement
C
Jennie and Lacey are having an argument. As Lacey speaks, Jennie crosses her arms and looks at the ground. Lacey gets the message even thought Jennie isn't saying anything. Jennie is using ________ in the conversation with Lacey. A. passive Feedback B. unspoken noise C. nonverbal communication D. coaching E. reinforcement
C
On the first day of class, Professor Simmons explains what the goals of the course are and what he expects of his students. This represents ______ of effective performance management. A. Step 4, Providing Consequences, B. Step 3, Reviewing Performance, C. Step 1, Defining Performance, D. Step 2, Monitoring and Evaluating Performance, E. Step 3, Performance Appraisal,
C
Positive nonverbal actions include all of the following except A. nodding your head. B. smiling. C. speaking very slowly. D. leaning forward. E. maintaining eye contact.
C
Silvio is a member of the student ethics committee. In meetings, he sometimes appears to be paying attention, but at other times does not appear to be tracking the conversations. He rarely contributes to the discussions. He is exhibiting the __________ style of listening. A. active B. involved C. passive D. detached E. motivated
C
As HR Director at a large manufacturing firm, it is Henry's responsibility to ensure that employees are properly compensated according to a biweekly time schedule. Many of Henry's employees chose to have their pay checks automatically deposited into their designated bank accounts. However, it is still necessary to inform these workers that their pay has been properly deposited. Which of the following communication media should Henry choose to convey this information? A. video conference B. telephone conversation C. face-to-face conversation D. e-mail E. interactive medium
D
It's snowing and Alice runs outside to the mailbox without her coat. She immediately shivers and gets goose bumps. This is an example of _____ behavior. A. operant B. consequential C. reward D. respondent E. contingent
D
Josh runs into heavy traffic every day while driving to work. Yesterday, he left home earlier than usual and did not run into heavy traffic. Again, today, he left earlier and avoided heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving earlier enabled him to avoid heavy traffic and reach the office on time. In which of the following processes did Josh engage? A. positive reinforcement B. extinction C. punishment D. negative reinforcement E. intermittent reinforcement
D
Linguistic style includes all of the following except A. use of stories. B. pacing and pausing. C. word choice. D. nonverbal behavior. E. use of jokes.
D
Polly works as a bartender. A few people wave money at her so that she will serve them first. She finds this to be rude and, so, either ignores them or serves them last. People realize that Polly serves the people who wait politely first, and much of the rude behavior stops. Polly used the model of A. positive reinforcement. B. negative reinforcement. C. variable ratio reinforcement. D. extinction. E. shaping.
D
Roberto is meeting with Professor Plum in his office during advising hours. As Roberto is describing the problems he is having in his accounting course, Professor Plum is checking his e-mail. Professor Plum is exhibiting the ________ style of listening. A. active B. involved C. passive D. detached E. motivated
D
Which forms of consequences weaken an undesirable behavior? A. negative reinforcement and extinction B. negative reinforcement and punishment C. positive and negative reinforcement D. extinction and punishment E. extinction and negative reinforcement
D
________ are powerful forms of social control that influence group and member behavior. A. Group and team cohesiveness B. Common identities C. Outcomes D. Group roles and norms E. Cross-functional rules
D
Barbara is training her new puppy to sit on command. Every time the puppy responds correctly, he receives a treat. Barbara is using a __________ reinforcement schedule. A. fixed reward B. variable ratio C. fixed interval D. variable interval E. continuous
E
Carol takes over as CEO of Sandstorm Jeans, a company on the verge of bankruptcy. She institutes radical changes and eliminates 35 percent of the positions. Even after this, the remaining employees resist her ideas. This represent the ____ stage; it is a time of testing. A. norming B. conforming C. forming D. performing E. storming
E
Experts estimate that about ________ of every conversation is interpreted through nonverbal communication. A. 10 percent B. 20 percent C. 30 percent D. 50 percent E. 65 to 95 percent
E
_________ is a set of culturally learned signals by which we communicate what we mean and interpret others' meanings and evaluate one another as people. A. Linguistic intelligence B. Linguistic style C. Active style D. Defensive communication style E. Linguistic source
b
Which of the following is not included in the monitoring step of performance management? A. measuring performance B. verifying progress C. deciding how to measure performance D. verifying achievement of goals E. tracking performance
c
Which of the following statements is true about Tuckman's five-stage model of group development? A. Tuckman's five-stage model of group development has limited practical application. B. The five stages are not necessarily of the same duration or intensity. C. The five stages of group development represent the punctuated equilibrium model. D. The five stages model establishes periods of stable functioning until an event causes a dramatic change in norms, roles, and/or objectives. E. The five stage model includes forming, storming, elaborating, evaluating and energizing.
b
Why is it critical for managers to develop policies and procedures governing the appropriate use of social media? A. They need to ensure that social media will always be beneficial to the organization. B. It can create many legal, financial, and personnel risks. C. It can make employees happy to keep up with their friends during the day. D. People are always more productive using social media. E. It's more efficient than having employees make personal calls at work.
b
_________ are discussions between two or more people where the stakes are high, opinions vary, and emotions run strong. A. Critical incidents B. Crucial conversations C. Defensive communications D. TED presentations E. Social dilemmas
b
It is clear from research that personal friendship helps organizational productivity.
f
