Hrm 1101 exam 2
What is the main difference between a vertical hierarchy of authority and a horizontal specialization?
Vertical hierarchy shows who reports to whom and horizontal specialization shows the different jobs.
Under which of the following circumstances would the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance be greatest? - when the individual has little control - when there is little emotional investment in the situation - when the components of attitude have no inconsistency - when the elements seem like and inconsequential ambiguity - when large amounts of money are on the line
When large amounts of money are on the line
Pixar President Ed Catmull said
"Mistakes are an inevitable consequence of doing something new and should be seen as valuable"
Maggie's manager notices that she exhibits an external locus of control when she speaks about her work. Her manager should
assign Maggie to a highly structured job requiring greater compliance.
T or F: An example of innovative change is a department store deciding to adopt a new practice used by competitors by staying open 24 hours a day and requiring employees to work flexible schedules, a change that employees are likely to see as moderately threatening.
True
T or F: Explaining the organization's mission and operations, the job routine and the organization's work rules and benefits should be an integral part of employee orientation.
True
T or F: Simplified, repetitive jobs lead to job dissatisfaction, poor mental health, and a low sense of accomplishment and personal growth.
True
Studies exploring nurses' perceptions about using PDAs in their daily patient practice found initial resistance, with some nurses concerned about the cost and short technological life cycle of these devices. As part of the______ stage of change, the nurses' managers try to instill in them the motivation to change, encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to innovation. - refreezing - freezing - unfreezing - change - thawing
Unfreezing
T or F: Crowdsourcing is an example of innovation
True
Lacey has a degenerative eye disease that is causing her to gradually lose her eyesight. When Lacey asked her employer, Ideal Accessories, to purchase a low-vision computer for her use at work, she was fired. Ideal Accessories has violated the - family and medical leave act - patient protection and affordable care act - Americans with disabilities act - OSHA - privacy act
Americans with disabilities act
Justyne supervises several employees who seem to have low self-efficacy. To improve this situation, she should do all the following EXCEPT - provide guided experiences - avoid rewarding small successes - give positive feedback and constructive pointers - Serve as a role model and mentor to them - nurture their self efficacy
Avoid rewarding small successes
Zora is conducting a performance appraisal for Sam, one of her employees. The company's performance appraisal form asks her to rate Sam's performance on various items like "Submits reports on time with minimal errors" on a scale from 1 to 5. Zora is using a appraisal system. - results - MBO - BARS - trait - 360 degree
BARS
As an OD consultant, Mika is designing a survey of employee attitudes to be given to workers at Hope Urgent Care, a provider of emergency-care services in a low-income neighborhood. In collecting this information, Mika is conducting the______ stage of OD. - unfreezing - diagnosis - intervention - evaluation - refreezing
Diagnosis
The risk of "wrongful termination" lawsuits is reduced with careful
Documentation
Making formal statements, engaging in rites and rituals, utilizing employee training and coaching, demonstrating how a leader reacts to a crises, being a role model, and giving rewards, promotions, and bonuses are some of the teaching methods that organizations can utilize to - write a strategic plan - perform competitive analysis - follow legal requirements - conduct formal market research - effect corporate change
Effect corporate change
Samir, the new CEO of Cloud Marketing, has been with the firm for over 25 years. He was picked by the board to turn the 85-year-old agency around because it had lost its edge in the Internet age. To infuse new life and energy into the agency, Samir wants to bring back some old ideas that previously worked at Cloud. He plans on having managers and veteran employees instruct each other about the organization's values, beliefs, and expectations; telling stories about some of the company legendary ad campaigns; coming up with a slogan that summarizes Cloud's abilities in a simple and memorable phrase; and having quarterly ceremonies where creativity and innovation are rewarded. The things that Samir wants to do are all examples of - TQM - Decentralizing authority - A value stabilizing plan - embedding culture - MBO
Embedding culture
Which of the following is NOT a way to encourage and foster innovation? - collaborating with customers - motivating individuals - testing prototypes - emphasizing processes and tools - being responsive to change
Emphasizing processes and tools
Andrea, a sales associate in the fine china department of the David's Department Store, reports to Chris, the home furnishings department manager. This morning, Chris asked Andrea to change the price tags on the crystal wine glasses. While working on this task, Pietro, the bedding department manager, told Andrea that he wanted her to unload some comforters. To solve this conflict, Andrea turns to the principle of unity of command under which - employees should report to no more than one manager - Andrea can refuse to do both tasks - Andrea will need to determine how she can multitask - Andrea needs to decide which manager has more power
Employees should report to no more than one manager
Ethan's job as an accounting assistant was recently modified to include reconciling bank accounts and making deposits, two tasks previously done by the accounting manager. This increase in responsibility would best be described as job - development - design - enlargement - enrichment - satisficing
Enrichment
Della, the sales manager, just informed her sales team that all sales in March will earn an extra 5 percent commission. The team gets right to work, being motivated by a(n) - physiological need - high need for power - hygiene factor - intrinsic reward - extrinsic reward
Extrinsic reward
T or F: A smoker who claims that the habit is not as dangerous as antismoking messages suggest, saying "My grandmother smokes and she's in her 805," is attempting to increase cognitive dissonance.
False
T or F: Grant's manager just told his team about this year's contest, the winner of which will receive an all-expense paid trip to Taiwan. Grant does not like to travel to places where he can't speak the language, so he is not very enthusiastic. This reward has a high valence for Grant.
False
T or F: Most workers rate monetary benefits higher than a caring boss
False
T or F: The most effective sources of new employee sources are job postings on websites.
False
T or F: Those with a high need for achievement may be the least efficient managers because they may resist making decisions that make others resent them.
False
T or F: Organizational psychologist Edgar Schein recommends that managers delegate (1) emergencies, (2) confidential matters, and (3) personnel-related matters.
False
During Lewin's changing state, managers should
Give employees new information, perspectives, and models for behavior.
Colin is a branch manager for a large freight company. He has noticed low morale lately, perhaps because of the cramped quarters, stricter policies, and lack of raises this year. According to Herzberg, Colin should first concentrate on - needs for achievement - hygiene factors - growth needs - motivating factors - esteem needs
Hygiene factors
Margarita believes that she controls her own destiny. She is a rather shy person who is extremely dependable and responsible, and her coworkers respect her greatly. Margarita has a(n)_______ locus of control and would rate high on the________ dimension of personality.
Internal; consciousness
Which of the following is a common reason that some women face glass ceiling? - inability to produce high quality work - poor goal setting - inability to motivate others - lack of mentors - poor financial performance
Lack of mentors
Which of the following is an inside force for change? - domestic competition - recession - immigration - advances in automation - low prod. And turnover
Low productivity and turnover
What is an example of proactive change?
Mirabel explores improvements in bonus structures with her staff and begins to implement them despite the fact that her employees are generally content.
Dr. Potter is retiring as a veterinarian in private practice. He wants to start a(n) , Vets on the Go, that will provide low-income individuals with pets in the United States with veterinary assistance at no cost. - for-profit org - nonprofit org - co-op - mutual benefit org - union
Nonprofit org
As a sales manager, Tanya is conducting performance appraisals for her team members. To do so, she tracks each person's sales calls, amount of sales, and revenues on a quarterly basis. Tanya is using a(n) system of appraisal. - subjective - behavioral - 360 degree - objective - trait
Objective
Phones R Us, a global phone company, frequently needs to respond quickly to fast-changing consumer tastes with its smartphones. Therefore, Phones R Us has fewer rules and procedures than most organizations, and networks of employees are encouraged to cooperate and respond quickly to unexpected tasks and changes in technology. Phones R Us is utilizing a(n) __ _structure. - inflexible - inelastic - organic - mechanistic - hierarchical
Organic
Anastasia impressed her boss by making many suggestions for department improvements and by putting in many weekend hours to do extra tasks to develop the new procedures. Anastasia is exhibiting - self efficacy - counterproductive work behavior - org citizenship behavior - the halo effect - onboarding traits
Organizational citizenship behavior
Stark Industries was just rated number one for job satisfaction on a survey compiled by an outside entity. The report cited that employees at Stark Industries had a strong_____ and reported low levels of______
Organizational commitment; perceived stress
Will, the owner of Will's Landscaping, was talking to a visitor in his office, telling her that "We are a fun-loving group that believes in teamwork and a family atmosphere at work, which significantly affects our work outcomes. Plus, we do things together outside of work. This is the 'social glue' that binds the members of our company together. Will was referring to his company's - analytics - organizational culture - code of ethics - diversity plan - mission statement
Organizational culture
Richard, the store manager at an Old Navy outlet, was speaking with Brescia, his new assistant manager, about the store's system of job relationships; he also explained whom she will report to and who will report to her. Richard said, "This system is one of the things that motivates our employees to work together to achieve our company's goals." Richard was telling Brescia about the store's - code of ethics - organizational culture - diversity plan - organizational structure -values statement
Organizational structure
A supervisor told a salesperson who had not made any calls to clients and therefore did not make quota, "Well, if this continues in the next 30 days, you'll probably be let go." The supervisor provides an example of - positive reinforcement - extinction - punishment - intrinsic motivation - negative reinforcement
Punishment
Antwan was recently promoted to the position of shift supervisor at If The Shoe Fits, and he is now responsible for making decisions on numerous matters in the store and giving orders to the floor staff. At the same time, Antwan has the obligation to perform the many new tasks assigned to him as a supervisor, such as overseeing the closing work and the cleaning of the store. Antwan's obligations are known as his -Responsibility - Authority -Beliefs - Power -Hierarchy
Reaponsibility
In equity theory, employees are motivated to
Resolve feelings of injustice and see fairness in the rewards they expect for task performance.
Kelsey had a starring role in a film that was shot in her hometown of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Though the Screen Actors Guild, an actors' union, exists in Louisiana, Kelsey was not required to join it because of the state's______ law. - union security - cost of living adjustment - givebacks - right to work - agency
Right to work
Charles has important clients in town who want to have dinner, but his mother has a plumbing leak and has asked him to come over and shut off the water until she can get it fixed tomorrow. Charles is experiencing - role overload - role conflict - burnout - role ambiguity - learned helplessness
Role conflict
An accounting firm reimburses employees for tuition and fees if they complete job-related coursework with a B or better. The accounting firm's tuition-reimbursement policy helps its employees meet their needs. - safety - love - physiological - self actualization - esteem
Self actualization
______ capital is the economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships. This type of capital can help you land a job; a national survey of recruiters revealed that 74 percent had found the highest-quality applicants through employee referrals. - personal - human - relational - productivity - social
Social
Timothy was hiring a new financial analyst, and he had several good candidates. He was leaning toward hiring Jade, a Japanese American woman, because he thinks Asians are better at math. Timothy is exhibiting which distortion in perception? - pygmalion effect - self serving bias - recency bias - racism - stereotyping
Stereotyping
Which of the following is NOT a principal reason to transfer an employee? - The employee is suspected of illegal behavior. - the employees skills are needed in another part of the organization - the transfer offers an opportunity to broaden employee experience - the employee has personal differences with his or her current boss
The employee is suspected of illegal behavior.
Compared to internal recruiting, which of the following is true of external recruiting? - it creates the need for multiple recruitments - the process is cheaper - the process is more expensive and takes longer - the pool of talent is more limited - it encourages greater employee loyalty
The process is more expensive and takes longer
Which of the following is NOT a leading reason that employees resist change? - Climate of mistrust - predisposition toward change - non-reinforcing reward systems - fear of failure - lack of personal ethics
lack of personal ethics
