HRM 360 - Chapter 3: Emotion and Individual Differences

Which shape on a graph best represents the relationship between increasing emotional stability and outcomes?

an inverted-U

Which of the following are benefits of high emotional intelligence?

Ability to apply positive emotions to work Increased creativity Greater level of teamwork

Which statement is true of core self-evaluations?

They represent a broad personality trait composed of four narrow traits.

Match the negative emotion displayed from the left column to a response from the right.

Angry: Get some distance from the situation to avoid losing control, consider the reason, and communicate with the person. Frustrated: If results don't meet your expectations, reassess your plan and be patient. Rejected: Evaluate the opinion and the person giving it and ask for clarification. Stressed: Prioritize commitments.

Select characteristics of a person with high self-efficacy.

Avoids or neutralizes obstacles Active in selecting opportunities Plans, prepares and practices Sets goals

Which statement about the prevalence of introversion is true?

Everyone has some amount of introversion.

Match the personality dimension to its description.

Extroversion: Outgoing, talkative, social, assertive Agreeableness: Trusting, good-natured, cooperative, softhearted Conscientiousness: Dependable, responsible, achievement oriented, persistent Emotional Stability: Relaxed, secure, unworried Openness: Intelleual, imaginative, curious, broad-minded

Select characteristics of a person with low self-efficacy.

Focuses on personal deficiencies Thinks of excuses for failing Has low commitment Avoids difficult tasks

Select all that apply to those with an internal locus of control.

Have strong expectations that effort leads to performance Display greater work motivation Derive more job satisfaction from performance

Why do critics suggest that IQ tests are not a reliable predictor of performance?

IQ tests measure things taught in school rather than innate intelligence or ability.

Which of the following outcomes are associated with higher levels of emotional stability?

Increased relaxation Higher levels of job performance Increased likelihood of doing work beyond required job responsibilities

Which of the following are true of self-efficacy?

It can be increased. It tends to manifest itself in actual performance. It involves a person's beliefs about personal success.

Which of the following are true of personality?

It combines characteristics that give people unique identities. It is relatively stable across situations. It results from the interaction of genes and the environment.

Check all of the following statements that are true of liking and fit.

Most people evaluate a person's personality by whether or not they like them. They are not precise enough to have real value in management. They are not particularly beneficial for managers.

True or false: A person's scores on the Big Five reveal a personality as unique as that person's fingerprint.

True

True or false: At a certain level emotional stability becomes problematic.

True

Narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism are _____

all considered undesirable because they negatively affect outcomes

Emotional intelligence has been shown to ______.

be associated with increased well-being and satisfaction

People who possess an internal locus of control

believe their success is due to their own efforts.

Individual differences are determined by

both genetics and environment

A person's intelligence

can be increased

Displayed emotions

convey messages to nearby people. can affect other people's reactions. may differ from felt emotions.

A broad personality trait comprised of four narrower and positive individual traits as components is called:

core self-evaluations

People with low self-esteem

deal with a lot of self-doubt.

The emotion of fear is usually _____.

forward-looking

Intelligence training that does not replicate what users actually do in their daily life lacks which essential characteristic?

generalizability

Which characteristics must intelligence training have for experts to consider it effective? Multiple select question.

generalizability adaptive variety

The term ______ is used to collectively describe people's traits and behaviors that are influenced by genetics and environment.

individual differences

An individual's capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving is called _____.

intelligence

The continuum of individual differences places _______ at the top because they are relatively stable

intelligence and cognitive abilities

The two forms of locus of control are

internal and external.

Viewing personality in terms of liking and fit

is not an effective perspective for management

Which emotions are considered goal incongruent?

jealousy guilt anxiety

People with proactive personalities

make efforts to change and improve things around them

People can use the skills associated with practical intelligence to

manage themselves and others. manage tasks. adapt to their environment.

Intelligence is more practically thought of as

multiple intelligences.

Which individual differences are universally considered undesirable?

narcissism psychopathy Machiavellianism

A person who lavishes you with praise one minute and puts you down the next, or who always blames you for bad outcomes but demands all the praise for good outcomes, is likely a(n)

narcissist.

A _______ concept of personality enables you to more precisely describe individuals.

narrow

It is believed that awareness of multiple intelligences should play an important role in

performance employee selection training

The combination of stable physical, behavioral and mental characteristics that give individuals their unique identities is called:

personality

Which employee factors are important for managers to understand in order to create a productive and satisfying person-job fit? (Check all that apply.)

potential abilities personality traits

The ability to solve everyday problems by utilizing knowledge gained from experience in order to purposefully adapt to, shape, and select environments is called:

practical intelligence

Extroversion has been found to ______.

predict job performance better than agreeableness

A person with a ___ personality is someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who affects environmental change.

proactive

Which personality type is linked to intentions to be entrepreneurial?

proactive

It is very common for entrepreneurs to exemplify

proactive personality type

A person who has no close friends, lowers office morale through aggression and counterproductive work behaviors, and feels no remorse when his or her actions cause harm to others is likely a(n)

psychopath

Intelligence entails a person's capacity for ______. (Select all that apply)

reasoning. constructive thinking. problem solving.

Anger is usually a _____ emotion.

retrospective

How people feel about their chances of doing something successfully is known as _____.

self-efficacy

A person's general belief about his or her own self-worth is:

self-esteem

Select the elements of emotional intelligence.

self-management social-awareness self-awareness relationship management

When evaluating core self evaluations,

the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.

A word of caution about using personality tests is to be sure

to use properly trained employees to administer tests or analyze results.

Which of the following often fall short when diversity of intelligences is taken into account?

training programs

Select all that apply to those with an external locus of control.

Demonstrate less motivation for performance Tend to be more anxious Earn lower salaries and smaller salary increases

Which of the following are accurate uses of a basketball analogy for core self-evaluations?

Emotional stability and self-esteem are like teammates. The core self-evaluation is the team and the traits are the players.

Which of the following statements are true about emotions?

Emotions can change psychological states. Emotions communicate messages to others. Emotions can motivate behavior.

Drag and drop the descriptions of different types of intelligence against the corresponding types of intelligence.

Linguistic: learn and use spoken and written languages Logical: deductive reasoning, problem analysis Musical: appreciate, compose, and perform music Bodily: using one's mind and body to coordinate physical movement Spatial: can recognize and use patterns Interpersonal: understand, connect, and work with others Intrapersonal: understand and regulate oneself Naturalistic: live in harmony with the environment

A relatively stable personality characteristic that describes how much personal responsibility you take for your behavior and its consequences is:

Locus of control

Drag and drop the types of emotions that one experiences against their corresponding achievements in education.

Positive: Meeting the goal of graduating on time and doing it with honors Negative: Frustration or failure to graduate on time Mixed: Not graduating on time, but being offered a great job when you do

What is the recommended way to deal with the stress of having too many commitments?

Prioritize and focus on doing what is most important.

Which of the following behaviors have been shown by research to improve intelligence?

Problem solving Constructive thinking Reasoning

What are the four components of core self-evaluations?

Self-efficacy Self-esteem Emotional Stability Locus of Control

Which statement best describes the results of research on the effectiveness of brain training games?

The evidence is inconclusive, but it suggests that the games are not effective.

Which of the following are true concerning the search for employees with the right personality type?

There is no ideal personality profile. Employers should try to find a fit for an employee's personality. One personality does not fit all jobs.

Which of the following characteristics are true of psychopaths?

They can be aggressive. They do not feel guilt or remorse for hurting others. They sometimes lack concern for others.

Which questions should one ask when attempting to build emotional intelligence?

What changes will you make to achieve your goals? What matters to you? What are the differences between how you see yourself and how others see you?

Personality testing at the workplace

should be scientifically proven to work for its intended use.

Which statement is true of emotion display norms in an organization?

They determine which emotions members should show in various situations.

Which characteristics are true of narcissists?

They have a grandiose sense of self-importance. They require excessive admiration. They are exploitative and manipulative.

The continuum of individual differences places attitudes and emotions at the ______.

bottom

A ______ concept of personality allows you to more effectively predict behavior.

broader

People with high emotional stability

carry out more organizational citizenship behaviors

Which personality trait has the strongest and most positive effect on performance?

conscientiousness

Rules that dictate which types of emotions are expected and appropriate at a given time are:

emotion display norms

The ability to monitor your own emotions and those of others, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions is:

emotional intelligence

Select the components of core self-evaluations.

emotional stability generalized self-efficacy locus of control self esteem

Select all the leaders who are perceived as introverts. (Check all that apply.)

Bill Gates Mark Zuckerberg

Those who believe their performance is a product of circumstances beyond their immediate control possess a(n):

external locus of control

When attempting to build emotional intelligence, to what should you compare your self assessment results?

feedback from others on how they see you in terms of the same competencies

People with an external locus of control

feel that their success is explained by environmental factors.

People with an internal locus of control

feel that they control their destiny. blame their own flaws for poor results. can usually overcome setbacks.