HRM Chapter 4

159) Age-related discrimination complaints have been at all-time highs over the past three to four years. Some indications point to the fact that because older workers tend to have better benefits and receive higher levels of pay, companies can save money by replacing them with younger workers. Based on what you've learned about age discrimination, which of the following do you feel is a case in which age-discrimination is most likely NOT in play? A) Although Stan Murhens had not had a successful ad campaign in more than two years, he had devoted fifteen years to the advertising firm he worked for when he was laid off. B) Six months before sixty-three year-old Herb Sheehey was laid off, his projects slowly began to be passed off to a much younger co-worker. C) Diane Louse, Vice President of Human Resources, is let go after she consistently fails to convince aging co-workers to opt for early retirement. D) Sam Morris is laid off two months before reaching his thirtieth year of employment with his company, a milestone that brings with it a full pension and a comprehensive benefits package.

A) Although Stan Murhens had not had a successful ad campaign in more than two years, he had devoted fifteen years to the advertising firm he worked for when he was laid off.

161) The salience of the target in the situation is the extent to which the target stands out in a group of people or things. Which of the following cases makes the BEST argument for using salience to one's advantage in the workplace? A) Jerry, knowing his supervisor's tendency to praise and promote outspoken sales reps, makes it a point to voice his opinion confidently and enthusiastically at all sales meetings, corporate get-aways, and multi-level conference calls. B) Joyce knew that her clothing was a distraction to some of her co-workers, but she did not care. Joyce could not understand why her co-workers held little regard for her thoughts and ideas. C) Yolanda's position requires that she speak before large groups of potential buyers with great skill and knowledge, but she is by nature a shy and timid person. To overcome this, she takes a night course on public speaking but ultimately decides that she simply lacks the requisite skills to do her job. D) Sharon knows that her supervisor appreciates staff members who take the role of devil's advocate during meetings. She refuses to disagree with her boss in public.

A) Jerry, knowing his supervisor's tendency to praise and promote outspoken sales reps, makes it a point to voice his opinion confidently and enthusiastically at all sales meetings, corporate get-aways, and multi-level conference calls.

110) Which of the following is an intended consequence of affirmative action programs? A) Minorities and women end up with the social status they deserve. B) White males choose to be unemployed rather than deal with such programs. C) Minorities and women can be perceived as second-class citizens. D) The expense and difficulty of implementation outweighs the benefits.

A) Minorities and women end up with the social status they deserve.

135) When Janet Reams started her new job at Chrismer and Park Company, her supervisor was told that Janet had scored higher than any other applicant on the qualifying examination. After several weeks on the job, Janet's performance was excellent and far superior to others who had started work at about the same time. Her supervisor was later told that there had been an error and that Janet had scored about average on the qualifying exam. Janet may have benefited from ________. A) a knowledge-of-predictor bias B) a similar-to-me bias C) the luck of the draw D) the perceiver's knowledge base

A) a knowledge-of-predictor bias

138) An attempt to decide why someone behaves in a certain way is a(n) ________. A) attribution B) bias C) schema D) justification

A) attribution

144) The ________ occurs when a manager thinks a subordinate's behavior is due to some innate characteristic rather than to the situation. A) fundamental attribution error B) attention deficit syndrome C) actor-observer effect D) residual attribution error

A) fundamental attribution error

131) A ________ effect occurs when the perceiver's general impression of a target influences his or her perceptions of the target on more specific dimensions. A) halo B) primacy C) similar-to-me D) contrast

A) halo

132) During his first year of working at a law firm, Danny earned the respect of his supervisors by consistently producing very high quality work. Though the quality of Danny's work declined in his second year of employment, his supervisors continued to view his work very positively. This is an example of the ________ affect. A) halo B) primacy C) similar-to-me D) contrast

A) halo

107) As the ambiguity of a target increases, it becomes ________. A) harder for perceivers to form accurate perceptions B) less likely that various perceivers will perceive the target differently C) less difficult to determine what the target is really like D) easier for perceivers to form accurate perceptions

A) harder for perceivers to form accurate perceptions

134) Leniency, harshness, and average tendency biases are problematic because they ________. A) impact evaluation accuracy and comparability B) affect minority workers more severely than they do other workers C) can result in self-fulfilling prophecies D) change objective reality

A) impact evaluation accuracy and comparability

92) In his years of experience as a bartender, Marty Stewart has developed a schema that says large men with tattoos order beer. When Marty served beer to a large man with tattoos who had ordered ginger ale, Marty was demonstrating that ________. A) perceivers actively interpret reality so that it is consistent with their expectations and schemas B) motivational states can vary in different situations C) people tend to notice information that is inconsistent with their schemas D) motivational states are stable across situations

A) perceivers actively interpret reality so that it is consistent with their expectations and schemas

127) The ________ is the biased perception that results when the first pieces of information that people have about some target have an inordinately large influence on their perception of the target. A) primacy effect B) contrast effect C) halo effect D) person-situation effect

A) primacy effect

162) Despite the fact that she walked into the interview chewing gum, which Dan found very unprofessional, he hired Margaret, in part, because, like him, she was born and raised in Ohio. On her first two or three job performance evaluations, Dan gave her high ratings, even though she was often late and missed many deadlines, because she made a good overall impression, especially compared to her very inadequate co-workers. Which of the following biases has Dan NOT allowed to cloud his judgement when it comes to Margaret? A) primacy effect B) contrast effect C) halo effect D) similar-to-me effect

A) primacy effect

152) Diversity programs are MOST LIKELY to be successful when they include ________. A) repeated efforts with follow-up activities B) a single, concentrated session that celebrates diversity C) a one-shot effort at eliminating bias and prejudice D) follow-up activities to ensure all employees think and act the same way

A) repeated efforts with follow-up activities

150) Diversity training MOST LIKELY includes ________. A) role-playing and self-awareness activities B) memorization of politically correct terminology C) physical fitness testing and medical exams D) recitation of the employee-benefits manual

A) role-playing and self-awareness activities

164) The diversity training program at Toots Software Specialists, Incorporated has come under scrutiny in the past several years. According to those who have filed complaints, the company has not done enough to properly train employees on the management of a diverse workforce. This, some have claimed, has led to a less than desirable workplace environment. As a hired workplace diversity consultant, which of the following diversity training programs would you MOST LIKELY recommend to the leader's at Toots Software Specialists? A) self-awareness activities, in which participants' own prejudices and stereotypes are revealed B) training techniques that emphasize the importance of subordinates' imitation of leaders C) role-playing that emphasizes the usefulness of absolute accuracy in perception D) None of the above would be effective training techniques.

A) self-awareness activities, in which participants' own prejudices and stereotypes are revealed

111) When an employee reminds his boss about his past accomplishments, the employee is using the tactic of ________. A) self-promotion B) situational conformity C) appreciation D) behavioral matching

A) self-promotion

153) The ________ can predispose managers to mentor certain organizational members. A) similar-to-me bias B) self-fulfilling prophecy C) actor-observer effect D) fundamental attribution error

A) similar-to-me bias

140) The MOST common external attributions relate to ________. A) task difficulty and luck B) situation and timing C) ability and personality D) motivation and emotions

A) task difficulty and luck

145) As a rule, Joe Washington never criticizes one of his workers for poor craftsmanship until he and the worker have reviewed the material and the machinery used in the job to ensure it is adequate. This rule should reduce the opportunity for ________. A) the fundamental attribution error B) the actor-observer effect C) the halo effect D) self-serving attribution

A) the fundamental attribution error

112) ________ is an attempt to control the perceptions or impressions of others. A) Stereotyping B) Impression management C) Perceptual targeting D) Situational manipulation

B) Impression management

106) ________ is the process whereby people select, organize, and interpret the input from their senses to give meaning and order to the world around them. A) Understanding B) Perception C) Ratiocination D) Acknowledgment

B) Perception

166) Bonnie works for Thermal Appliances, Inc. as a salesperson. In her twelve years with the company, she has experienced occasional situations in which male employees have told sexually-explicit jokes in her presence, sent sexually-explicit emails, and made inappropriate comments about her clothing and appearance. Over the years, Bonnie has informed her superiors of the inappropriate behavior, but no measures were ever taken to condemn it. She recently decided that this behavior was bothering her to the point of affecting her work and her desire to stay with the company. Because of this she made an appointment to speak with a lawyer about her options. What will her lawyer's advice MOST LIKELY be? A) She should have made the complaint when the sexual harassment first began because now she has no case. B) She has a good case against her company for hostile work environment sexual harassment. C) She has a good case against her company for quid pro quo sexual harassment. D) She does not have a case for sexual harassment because her superiors did not find reason enough to discipline the men involved.

B) She has a good case against her company for hostile work environment sexual harassment.

103) Which is NOT one of the ways in which managers can guard against faulty decisions due to motivational states? A) Base perceptions on observed behaviors. B) Take personal motives into consideration. C) Concentrate on actual performance. D) Avoid unwarranted assumptions.

B) Take personal motives into consideration.

129) Which of the following is NOT a source of bias? A) primacy effect B) angel effect C) contrast effect D) similar-to-me effect

B) angel effect

85) People who believe in objective reality believe that their own perceptions ________. A) are inaccurate depictions of that reality B) are accurate depictions of that reality C) are not connected to reality D) are limitedly connected to reality

B) are accurate depictions of that reality

126) A ________ is a systematic tendency to use, ignore, or interpret information about a target in a particular way that results in inaccurate perceptions. A) stereotype B) bias C) paradigm D) schema

B) bias

119) Most impression management is an attempt to convey as positive an impression as possible ________. A) by lying about one's capabilities, achievements, and experiences B) by not lying about one's capabilities, achievements, and experiences C) by glossing over one's capabilities, achievements, and experiences D) by minimizing one's capabilities, achievements, and experiences

B) by not lying about one's capabilities, achievements, and experiences

116) When ________, the target follows agreed-upon rules for behavior in the organization. A) practicing matching behavior B) conforming to situational norms C) being consistent D) flattering others

B) conforming to situational norms

89) It is essential for managers to pay careful attention to how they perceive and judge employees for all of the following reasons EXCEPT ________. A) giving organizational members deserved rewards B) establishing prices for goods and services C) avoiding illegal discrimination D) acting in an ethical manner

B) establishing prices for goods and services

146) Fundamental attribution errors MOST LIKELY occur when one ________. A) takes credit for successes and avoids blame for failures B) focuses on the actor and ignores the context C) is unaware of all of the individual factors that influence behavior D) attributes the behavior of others to external causes

B) focuses on the actor and ignores the context

136) In order for knowledge-of-predictor bias to impact the instructor's evaluation of a student, the ________. A) instructor must know the student's class schedule B) instructor must have access to some predictor of academic performance C) instructor must have access to the student's schedule of extra-curricular activities D) instructor must know the student's career plans

B) instructor must have access to some predictor of academic performance

94) Schemas help people do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) make sense of the confusing array of sensory input B) minimize stereotypes and discrimination C) choose what information to heed or to ignore D) manage ambiguous information

B) minimize stereotypes and discrimination

100) Which one of the following is NOT part of the perceiver's motivational state? A) needs B) moods C) values D) desires

B) moods

124) Individuals who are salient are often perceived in ________ inconspicuous members of a group. A) more neutral terms than B) more extreme terms than C) less extreme terms than D) the same terms as

B) more extreme terms than

155) Requesting or forcing a worker to perform sexual favors in order to receive some opportunity or avoid a negative consequence is referred to as ________. A) hostile work environment sexual harassment B) quid pro quo sexual harassment C) offensive work environment sexual harassment D) supervisory sexual harassment

B) quid pro quo sexual harassment

156) Which of the following is NOT an example of hostile work environment sexual harassment? A) showing pornographic pictures B) requesting sexual favors in exchange for an opportunity C) telling sexual jokes D) commenting on somebody's physical looks

B) requesting sexual favors in exchange for an opportunity

95) A schema is dysfunctional if it ________. A) is based on generalizations B) results in inaccurate perceptions C) causes damage to the subject's actual competence D) promotes decision making based on prior experience

B) results in inaccurate perceptions

120) The ________ is the context or environment surrounding the perceiver and the target. A) epicenter B) situation C) schema D) fountainhead

B) situation

83) The ________ is the context in which perception takes place. A) environment B) situation C) state of affairs D) location

B) situation

96) A(n) ________ is a set of overly simplified and often inaccurate beliefs about the typical characteristics of a particular group. A) typology B) stereotype C) archetype D) prototype

B) stereotype

142) Which of the following is NOT a bias that can have an effect on the attributions people make to their own behaviors or the behaviors of others? A) fundamental attribution error B) systematic observational bias C) actor-observer effect D) self-serving attributions

B) systematic observational bias

147) The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes and to attribute one's own behavior to external causes is known as ________. A) the fundamental attribution error B) the actor-observer effect C) the halo effect D) the self-serving error

B) the actor-observer effect

113) People are MOST likely to use impression management tactics when interacting with perceivers ________. A) over whom they have power B) who have power over them C) that they will never see again D) with high situational salience

B) who have power over them

86) Which of the following statements concerning perception is NOT true? A) Virtually every decision that a manager makes depends on his or her perceptions. B) Accurate perceptions are the prerequisite for good decisions. C) Decisions regarding compensating organizational members do not depend on perception. D) When perceptions are inaccurate, managers make faulty decisions that hurt the employees and the organization.

C) Decisions regarding compensating organizational members do not depend on perception.

157) John is an engineer who recently learned that his retiring boss was going to be replaced by someone from outside the engineering firm for which he works. John knows little about the man replacing his boss, other than that he is coming from a competing firm where John himself had once worked for seven years. In John's experience at the other firm, he had found the management to often be overbearing and harsh. John was convinced that his new boss would be a difficult person for whom to work. Which of the following statements BEST describes John's perceptions about his new boss? A) John was stereotyping his new boss based on the fact that he was part of management. B) John's motivational state resulted in a preconceived perception of his new boss. C) John's schemas determined the way in which he perceived his new boss. D) John's mood on the day of hearing about his boss's replacement caused him to perceive his new boss in a negative light.

C) John's schemas determined the way in which he perceived his new boss.

122) ________ should NOT affect how a person is perceived by others. A) Gender B) Ability C) Salience D) Perception

C) Salience

123) Which one of the following statements is FALSE? A) A stereotype threat can affect the performance of individuals who are salient for a variety of reasons. B) When people who are salient think about stereotypes that are relevant to task performance, their performance might become impaired. C) Salience always heightens one's ability to focus on the task at hand. D) Salience due to race has particularly powerful effects on perception.

C) Salience always heightens one's ability to focus on the task at hand.

91) ________, which allows people to organize and interpret information about a given target of perception, determine the way a target is perceived. A) Processing B) Perception targeting C) Schema D) Collective unconsciousness

C) Schema

137) ________ is a prediction that comes true because a perceiver expects it to come true. A) Déjà vu B) Attribution C) Self-fulfilling prophecy D) Self-serving effect

C) Self-fulfilling prophecy

148) ________ is the tendency to take credit for successes and avoid blame for failures. A) Impression management B) Selective perception C) Self-serving attribution D) Attribution error

C) Self-serving attribution

84) ________ is whatever the perceiver is trying to make sense of. A) The quandary B) The situation C) The target of perception D) The paradigm of possibility

C) The target of perception

143) Mark Thomas is furious at the incompetence of the local weatherman, who predicted rain for tomorrow, thereby ruining Mark's plans for a golf outing. Mark is making ________. A) a self-serving attribution B) a mistake in the blame game C) a fundamental attribution error D) a logical faux pas

C) a fundamental attribution error

141) As a supervisor, John Layman believes one of his employees excels due to "pure, dumb luck." John is making ________. A) an internal attribution B) an attribution error C) an external attribution D) a biased decision

C) an external attribution

117) Individuals who are high on self-monitoring are more likely than individuals who are low on self-monitoring to ________. A) develop and use stereotypes B) employ schemas C) conform to situational norms D) behave inappropriately

C) conform to situational norms

104) The perceiver's ________ is how he or she feels at the time of perception. A) awareness B) sensitivity C) mood D) consciousness

C) mood

102) Stuart Martin, an employee of Davis and McIntyre, Inc., has worked very hard at being a good team player, and other workers compliment him on his willingness to work with others. However, Stuart was rated as a poor team player by his supervisor, who doesn't like him personally. This inaccurate perception is MOST LIKELY due to the supervisor's ________. A) situation B) point of view C) motivational state D) objective reality

C) motivational state

128) Travis Randall often boasts of his ability to "size up" candidates interviewing for a new job in the first 30 seconds of the interview. He notes that the rest of the interview is spent collecting information to prove to his boss why his initial assessment is correct. This is an example of ________. A) stereotype B) bias C) primacy effect D) schema

C) primacy effect

121) The extent to which a target stands out among a group of people or things is called the target's ________. A) identity B) solvency C) salience D) novelty

C) salience

115) The impression management tactic of ________ occurs when the target tries to present himself or herself in as positive a light as possible. A) behavioral matching B) flattering others C) self-promotion D) being consistent

C) self-promotion

133) Tom Seigmund, a supervisor of engineering at Thomas & Shaffer, Inc., is proud that his engineering staff wins the company basketball tournament each year. A key contributor to their success on the court is that most of the engineers, like Tom, are over 6' 5" and played college basketball. This extracurricular anecdote may indicate that engineering hiring decisions are impacted by ________. A) leniency bias B) contrast effect C) similar-to-me bias D) halo effect

C) similar-to-me bias

125) Which of the following would LEAST LIKELY cause salience? A) wearing jeans to work when the dress code does not allow it B) wearing a red dress to a funeral C) wearing a shirt and tie to an important business meeting D) wearing sandals in the middle of a snow storm

C) wearing a shirt and tie to an important business meeting

163) Angela Wilkins, CEO of Book Smart Publishing, was apprehensive about signing new author Grace Felix to a large book deal, but decided to go against her own judgement in favor of the editors who thought the book would be a huge seller. As the date of publication approached, Angela grew even more nervous, now convinced not only that the book would be unpopular, but that Grace would be a poor marketer of her own work. Angela began to pull back on her company's commitment to market the book, reallocating virtually all of the marketing budget for Grace's book to another proven seller. When Grace's book finally did publish, it did horribly. Which of the following is NOT true of the above scenario? A) Angela Wilkins' negative attitude and diminished commitment to Grace's book probably helped seal its fate as a poor seller. B) Grace's knowledge of Angela's lack of faith in her as an author and promoter of her own work probably resulted in her actually performing poorly as a spokesperson for her book. C) Angela Wilkins' fear and prediction that Grace's book would be a poor seller resulted in a self-fulfilling prophecy. D) Angela Wilkin's lack of confidence in the potential of Grace's book was rooted in a knowledge of predictor bias.

D) Angela Wilkin's lack of confidence in the potential of Grace's book was rooted in a knowledge of predictor bias.

87) ________ is/are not dependent on accurate perceptions. A) Motivation and performance B) Fairness and equity C) Ethical action D) Individual behavior

D) Individual behavior

160) Our past experiences are organized into schemas, abstract knowledge structures that are stored in memory and allow people to organize and interpret information about a given target of perception. Oftentimes, such as in the case of a stereotype, schemas are dysfunctional. Sometimes, however, schemas can be functional. Which of the following is an example of a functional schema? A) A male surgeon, assisting in the operating room, asks a female, who enters the operating room after he's gotten started, "Nurse, would you please bring me a towel for my forehead?" The woman replies, "I'm sorry I'm late, I'm Dr. Yablonski, the lead surgeon for this surgery today. But I'd be happy to ask one of the nurses or interns to bring you a towel." B) Three project managers at a computer programming firm tell their manager in a meeting that they do not assign any projects to the "old guy" who sits in the corner cubicle because he's probably not up-to-speed in many of the newer programming tools. "Anyhow," one of them says, "Dave Tellbar, whoever he is, finishes the projects we send to him very quickly and expertly." "Dave Tellbar," says their manager with a smile, "is the old guy in the corner cubicle." C) Although their firm has an excellent reputation for quality printing and is much closer than the printer she does use, Cindy Matthews refuses to send her company's print jobs to the Mexican-American owned and operated printer down the street. D) Jackson, an automotive mechanic, understands the way that most engines work and has developed an internal checklist for diagnosing problems that he encounters. Jackson has developed a reputation as a high-quality mechanic.

D) Jackson, an automotive mechanic, understands the way that most engines work and has developed an internal checklist for diagnosing problems that he encounters. Jackson has developed a reputation as a high-quality mechanic.

158) When Jennifer Olsen started working at the law firm of Gould, Starnt, and Heffernen, she knew she was one of only a few women at the company who was balancing work and single motherhood. Determined to make her job a success, she worked long hours and sacrificed much time with her child for the good of the firm. Despite her efforts, her productivity, and her high rate of cases won, she knew there were other lawyers at her company who would always see her as a single mother first and a lawyer second. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the perceptions of Jennifer's co-workers? A) Jennifer's coworkers are basing their perceptions on stereotypes of single mothers. B) Jennifer's coworkers are calling upon dysfunctional schemas as they perceive her. C) Jennifer's coworkers' perceptions of her are influenced by their knowledge of the fact that she is a single mother. D) Jennifer's coworkers are using impression management in order to make themselves look better to the firm owners.

D) Jennifer's coworkers are using impression management in order to make themselves look better to the firm owners.

165) Michelle Morris, a young African-American accountant recently hired by Sterns, Williams, Ogdon and Associates accounting firm, graduated from business school at the top of her graduating class. Since working for the firm, she has felt it difficult to relate to her superiors, who are mostly white males. In all of her attempts to "fit in," she has not been as successful as her white male counterparts who joined the firm at the same time she did. Based on the above scenario, which of the following is LEAST LIKELY to happen? A) Michelle will continue to have a difficult time in relating to her superiors because of the similar-to-me bias that exists within the firm. B) Michelle will eventually look to work for a firm where there is greater diversity among the leadership, one that allows her the chance to become an eager protege. C) Michelle's firm will have a difficult time recruiting a diverse workforce without a change in their diversity training and corporate philosophy. D) One of Michelle's white male superiors will serve as her mentor to make her feel more comfortable around her other superiors.

D) One of Michelle's white male superiors will serve as her mentor to make her feel more comfortable around her other superiors.

93) Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Schemas are slow to change. B) Schemas are not immutable. C) Schemas can not change until targets are perceived differently. D) Schemas are altered with little amounts of contradictory information.

D) Schemas are altered with little amounts of contradictory information.

99) ________ can be dysfunctional and damaging to the perceiver, the target, and the organization. A) Objective truths B) Accurate perception C) Reality D) Stereotypes

D) Stereotypes

154) Which of the following is NOT a component of successful mentoring? A) an atmosphere of mutual respect B) an atmosphere of mutual understanding C) a mentor must have the protégé's best interests in mind D) a mentor must maintain a similar-to-me perspective

D) a mentor must maintain a similar-to-me perspective

139) The MOST common internal attributions that people make include ________. A) genetics, preferences, and luck B) ability, disposition, and task difficulty C) personality, luck, and task difficulty D) ability, personality, and motivation

D) ability, personality, and motivation

90) All of the following EXCEPT ________ affect a person's perceptions of reality. A) schemas B) motivational state C) mood D) behavioral state

D) behavioral state

130) A ________ effect occurs when perceptions of a target are influenced by perceptions of others surrounding the target. A) halo B) primacy C) similar-to-me D) contrast

D) contrast

88) Pam Harris, a manager with Tye & Hull Co., decides that Barry Boar has not done a good job as employee counselor because Pam perceives all males as uncaring. As a result, Pam gives Barry a lower-than-average pay raise, even though he is truly excellent in his job. Pam has ________. A) properly exercised managerial intuition B) allowed her coworkers to impact her perceptions C) committed a violation of the ADA and can be sued for damages D) created a situation where Barry may resent her and reduce his efforts

D) created a situation where Barry may resent her and reduce his efforts

114) Impression management tactics include all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) being consistent B) self promotion C) appreciating or flattering others D) emotional matching

D) emotional matching

98) The MOST effective method for preventing stereotyping in an organization is to ________. A) require employees to eliminate their use of schemas B) treat all workers the same and ignore individual differences when making decisions C) pretend to ignore the fact that someone is a different race, age, gender, or nationality D) encourage employees to think about the characteristics that really affect job performance

D) encourage employees to think about the characteristics that really affect job performance

109) Targets are perceived to be smarter, more credible, and more responsible than others when they have ________. A) more perception B) less power C) greater ambiguity D) high social status

D) high social status

105) An individual's ________ is influenced by his own characteristics, the true characteristics of the target and the situation. A) bias B) reality C) schema D) perception

D) perception

81) People try to make sense of events, objects, and other people in their environment through ________. A) memory B) cognition C) vision D) perception

D) perception

97) Schemas can hinder objective understanding because they ________. A) provide convenience B) are highly visible C) are always inaccurate D) promote stereotypes

D) promote stereotypes

118) The situation influences perception because it ________. A) provides additional information about the perceiver B) changes how the situation is objectively perceived C) displays what behavior is observed D) provides additional information to use in interpreting the target

D) provides additional information to use in interpreting the target

108) When targets of perception are ambiguous, members of an organization should ________. A) make the best of the information available to them B) rely on their senses and emotions C) rely on impression management techniques D) question the accuracy of their perceptions

D) question the accuracy of their perceptions

101) A perceiver's motivational state will NOT influence ________. A) perceptions of what he sees B) perceptions of what he hears C) beliefs D) reality

D) reality

151) Which of the following is NOT an objective of diversity training? A) deconstructing stereotypes that cause inaccurate perceptions B) improving members' understanding of each other C) making members aware of different kinds of backgrounds D) reinforcing the schemas of each employee

D) reinforcing the schemas of each employee

149) John Simmons believed that politics had played a role when he didn't receive a scholarship for graduate school. Fortunately, his good grades had earned him entrance into a prestigious state school. This example illustrates ________. A) self-preservation B) impression management C) selective perception D) self-serving attribution

D) self-serving attribution

82) The three components of perception are ________. A) seeing, hearing, and touching B) observers, observation targets, and opinions C) comprehension, interpretation, and explanation D) situation, perceiver, and target of perception

D) situation, perceiver, and target of perception

80) When managers become aware of evidence of potential discrimination, they should do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) pay immediate attention to the problem B) act proactively to address the potential problem C) review the organization's policies and practices D) treat the potential discriminator unfairly

D) treat the potential discriminator unfairly