HSEP 101 Final
When someone asked why he and Atta never laughed, Shehhi retorted by saying what?
"How can you laugh when people are dying in Palestine?".
According to The 911 Commission Report, Tenet told us that in his world...?
"The system was blinking red"
According to The 911 Commission Report, the hijackers sent the excess funds by wire transfer to Hawsawi in the UAE, about how much?
$26,000 altogether
According to The 9/11 Commission Report; the 9/11 plotters spent how much money to plan and conduct their attack?
$400,000- $500,000
According to The 911 Commission Report, by 8:48, officials in OEM headquarters on the 23rd floor of 7 WTC—just to the north of the North Tower—began to activate the Emergency Operations Center by calling such which agencies and instructing them to send their designated representatives to the OEM?
-FDNY -NYPD -Department of Health -Greater Hospital Association
, intelligence information is collected through several methods, including what?
-signals intelligence -interviews of human sources -gathering intelligence reports.
According to The 911 Commission Report, Bin Ladin implied in what years interviews in 1997 and 1998 that his followers would follow the example of World Trade Center bomber Ramzi Yousef and "bring the fighting to America"?
1997 & 1998
According to The 911 Commission Report, disruption operations against al Qaeda-affiliated cells were launched involving how many countries?
20
According to The 911 Commission Report, the FAA conducted how many special security briefings for specific air carriers between May 1, 2001, and September 11, 2001?
27
The Transportation Security Administration requires passengers to comply with the "________" for possessing liquids on airliners
3-1-1 Rule
According to The 9/11 Commission Report; Schroen explained, he meant that the chance of capturing or killing Bin Ladin was about __%.
40
According to The 9/11 Commission Report, one line in the briefing slides said that al Qaeda had sleeper cells in more than how many countries? Including the United States?
40 Countries
According to The 911 Commission Report, in May, CIA Counterterrorist Center (CTC) Chief Cofer Black told Rice that the current threat level was at what number on a scale of 1 to 10, as compared to an 8 during the millennium?
7
The WTC actually consisted of how many buildings? Including one hotel, spread across 16 acres of land.
7
According to The 911 Commission Report, by what time, FDNY chiefs had instructed the PAPD and building personnel to evacuate the South Tower as well, because of the magnitude of the damage caused by the first plane's impact
8:57
. According to The 9/11 Commission Report; al Qaeda's senior leadership had stopped using a particular means of communication almost immediately after a what?
A leak in the Washington Times
Who was the mastermind of the Cole bombing and the eventual head of al Qaeda operations in the Arabian Peninsula (appears to have originally been recruited to his career as a terrorist by Bin Ladin himself).
Abd al Rahim al Nashiri
According to The 9/11 Commission Report; After it was discovered that _____ ______ (Blind Sheikh) had come and gone almost at will, State initiated significant reforms to its watch-list and visa-processing policies.
Abdel Rahman
By the fall of 1997, the Bin Ladin unit had roughed out a plan for ______ _______ to capture Bin Ladin and hand him over for trial either in the United States or in an Arab country.
Afghan Tribals
According to the 911 Commission Report; At the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) pre-inspection station in Victoria, Ressam presented officials with his genuine but fraudulently obtained Canadian passport, from which he had torn the _________ entry and exit stamps.
Afghanistan
According to The 911 Commission Report, in January 2001, Clarke forwarded a strategy paper to Rice warning that what group had a presence in the United States?
Al Qaeda
According to the 911 Commission Report; On November 10, CIA analysts briefed the Small Group of principals on their preliminary findings that the attack (USS Cole bombing) was carried out by a cell of Yemeni residents with some ties to the transnational mujahideen network. According to the briefing, these residents likely had some support from whom?
Al Qaeda
According to The 9/11 Commission Report; Atef's role in the entire operation is unquestionably very significant but tends to fade into the background, in part because Atef himself is not available to describe it. He was killed in November 2001how?
American air strike
Target hardening, enhanced security, and other defensive measures seeking to deter or prevent terrorist attacks.
Anti-Terrorism
Through _______, KSM arranged a meeting with Bin Ladin in Tora Bora, a mountainous redoubt from the Afghan war days.
Atef
According to The 911 Commission Report, KSM attempted to drop Mihdhar from the planes operation and would have done so, he says, had he not been overruled by who?
Bin Laden
The period after the August 1998 embassy bombings was critical in shaping U.S. policy toward ___ _____.
Bin Laden
According to the 911 Commission Report; The Counterterrorist Center put down its best ideas for the future, assuming it was free of any prior policy or financial constraints. The paper was therefore informally referred to as the "___________" memo; it was sent to Clarke on December 29.
Blue Sky
The Counterterrorist Center put down its best ideas for the future, assuming it was free of any prior policy or financial constraints. The paper was therefore informally referred to as the "____ ___" memo; it was sent to Clarke on December.
Blue Sky
A series of manuals released by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate which report the latest recommendations on how to protect buildings and infrastructure in the United States..
Building & Infrastructures Protection Series
According to The 9/11 Commission Report; the second part of prescreening called on the air carriers to implement an FAA-approved computerized algorithm (known as ________) designed to identify passengers whose profile suggested they might pose more than a minimal risk to aircraft.
CAAPS
Chemicals that can potentially be converted into weapons. Some ______________, such as pesticides, are commercially available. Other ______________ can be manufactured by terrorists using commonly available instruction guides.
Chemical Agents
An agency within the Department of Homeland Security which is responsible for safeguarding the procedures and integrity of the U.S. immigration system, particularly by supervising the conferral of citizenship and immigration status to legally eligible individuals.
Citizenship & Immigration Services
In regards to the Bin Ladin "capture plan"; the decision was made not to go ahead with the operation. "Mike" cabled the field that he had been directed to "stand down on the operation for the time being." He had been told, he wrote, that cabinet-level officials thought the risk of ________ __________ was too high.
Civilian Casualties
According to The 911 Commission Report, on July 27, who informed Rice and Hadley that the spike in intelligence about a near-term al Qaeda attack had stopped?
Clarke
Which president's counter-terrorism Presidential Decision Directives in 1995 (no. 39) and May 1998 (no. 62) reiterated that terrorism was a national security problem, not just a law enforcement issue?
Clinton
"Copycat terrorism" in which terrorists imitate each other's behavior and tactics. This theory is still debated.
Contagion Effect
In the mid-1980s, on the basis of a report from a task force headed by Vice President George Bush and after terrorist attacks at airports in Rome and Athens, the DCI created a ______________ _______ to unify activities across the Directorate of Operations and the Directorate of Intelligence.
Counter-terrorism Center
The assets, systems, and networks, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating effect on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination thereof..
Critical Infrastructure/Key Resources (CIKR)
A security bureau within the U.S. Department of State that protects diplomats and other officials.
Diplomatic Security Service
Mayor Giuliani updated directive in July 2001.
Direction and Control of Emergencies in the City of New York
The National Security Act of 1947 created the position of what?
Director of Central Intelligence (DCI)
Ali opened a bank account where for Hanjour and providing the initial funds for his trip.?
Dubai
During the summer of 2001, KSM approached Bin Ladin with the idea of recruiting a Saudi Arabian air force pilot to commandeer a Saudi fighter jet and attack the Israeli city of _____.
Eliat
According to the 9/11 Commission Report; The day after the which bombings, Tenet brought to a principals meeting intelligence that terrorist leaders were expected to gather at a camp near Khowst, Afghanistan, to plan future attacks?
Embassy Bombing (Nairobi, Kenya, Dar es Salaam)
A directorate within Immigration and Customs Enforcement which identifies and apprehends removable aliens, detains these individuals when necessary and removes illegal aliens from the United States.
Enforcement and Removal Operations
President Clinton and Berger also worried about the Economist's point—that attacks that missed Bin Laden could do what?
Enhance his stature and win him new recruits.
Administers civil aviation, issuing regulations and other requirements to control air traffic and promote safety.
FAA
The highest-ranking officer on the scene, the battalion chief initially
FDNY incident commander
For many years the attorney general could authorize surveillance of foreign powers and agents of foreign powers without any court review, but in 1978 Congress passed the __________________________.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
According to The 911 Commission Report, Al Qaeda members received advice and training from where?
Hezbollah
According to the 911 Commission Report; it was eventually concluded that the oft-repeated assertion that Bin Ladin was funding al Qaeda from _____________ was in fact not true.
His personal funds.
A directorate within Immigration and Customs Enforcement responsible for investigating "immigration crime, human rights violations and human smuggling, smuggling of narcotics, weapons and other types of contraband, financial crimes, cybercrime and export enforcement issues."
Homeland Security Investigations
An agency within the Department of Homeland Security which serves as the investigative and enforcement arm for Federal criminal and civil laws overseeing immigration, border control, customs, and trade.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
The chief vehicle for INS and for state and local participation in law enforcement was the _____________, first tried out in New York City in 1980 in response to a spate of incidents involving domestic terrorist organizations.
Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF)
According to The 911 Commission Report, when did a FBI agent in the Phoenix field office sent a memo to FBI headquarters and to two agents on international terrorism squads in the New York Field Office, advising of the "possibility of a coordinated effort by Usama Bin Ladin" to send students to the United States to attend civil aviation schools?
July 2001
According to The 911 Commission Report, when did a CIA report said that "Khaled" was actively recruiting people to travel outside Afghanistan, including to the United States where colleagues were reportedly already in the country to meet them, to carry out terrorist-related activities for Bin Ladin?
June 12, 2001
A limited war began between India and Pakistan, as India tried to drive the Pakistani forces out
Kagri Crisis
The location that perhaps the last, and most likely the best, opportunity arose for targeting Bin Ladin with cruise missiles before 9/11.
Kandahar
Exemplified the model of the terrorist entrepreneur more clearly than the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (KSM)
According to The 9/11 Commission Report; President Richard Nixon then concentrated policy planning and policy coordination in a powerful National Security Council staff, overseen by who?
Kissinger
According to The 9/11 Commission Report, Unveiled in the summer of 2000. FBI relied on this because of struggles to build up its institutional capabilities to do more against terrorism.
MAXCAP
According to the 911 Commission Report; The FBI was struggling to build up its institutional capabilities to do more against terrorism, relying on a strategy called _______ that had been unveiled in the summer of 2000.
MAXCAP 05
According to the 911 Commission Report; al Qaeda had sleeper cells in how many counties countries, including the United States?
More than 40
. According to Binalshibh, as early as 1995 Atta sought to organize what group in Hamburg?
Muslim student union
According to The 9/11 Commission Report, in late 1999, the _____________ analyzed communications associated with a suspected terrorist facility in the Middle East, indicating that several members of "an operational cadre" were planning to travel to Kuala Lumpur in early January 2000.
NSA
An American intelligence agency charged with signal intelligence collection, code making, and code breaking.
NSA
According to the 911 Commission Report; President Clinton was deeply concerned about Bin Ladin. He and his ___________, Samuel "Sandy" Berger, ensured they had a special daily pipeline of reports feeding them the latest updates on Bin Ladin's reported location.
National Security Advisor
President Clinton was deeply concerned about Bin Ladin. He and his _________ ________ _______, Samuel "Sandy" Berger, ensured they had a special daily pipeline of reports feeding them the latest updates on Bin Ladin's reported location.
National Security Advisor
High-explosive military weapons using weapons-grade plutonium and uranium. These explosions devastate the area within their blast zone, irradiate an area outside the blast zone, and are capable of sending dangerous radioactive debris into the atmosphere that descends to earth as toxic fallout.
Nuclear Weapons
According to The 9/11 Commission Report, President Clinton insisted on including ________ in the itinerary for his trip to South Asia.
Pakistan
According to the 911 Commission Report; President Clinton insisted on including where in the itinerary for his trip to South Asia?
Pakistan
What flight became a cautionary tale against rushing to judgment in attributing responsibility for a terrorist act?
Pan Am 103
Visiting Pakistan for the first time in early 1987, KSM traveled to _______, where his brother Zahid introduced him to the famous Afghan mujahid Abdul Rasul Sayyaf, head of the Hizbul-Ittihad El-Islami (Islamic Union Party).
Peshawar
With World War II looming, who ordered FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover to investigate foreign and foreign-inspired subversion—Communist, Nazi, and Japanese?
President FDR
Who was the Sunni extremist who planted the (first WTC) bomb, said later that he had hoped to kill 250,000 people?
Rami Yosef
British resident who converted to Islam and who became known as the "Shoe Bomber" when he attempted to detonate plastic explosives in his shoe.
Richard C Reid
According to The 9/11 Commission Report; President Clinton's first national security adviser, Anthony Lake, had retained from the Bush administration the staffer who dealt with crime, narcotics, and terrorism (a portfolio often known as "drugs and thugs"), the veteran civil servant was _______ _____.
Richard Clarke
According to The 911 Commission Report, 12 of the 13 muscle hijackers (excluding Nawaf al Hazmi and Mihdhar) came from where?
Saudi Arabia
What three countries were the only countries that recognized the Taliban as the legitimate government of Afghanistan?
Saudi Arabia Pakistan United Arab Emirates
Intelligence that has been collected by technological resources.
Signal Intelligence
According to The 9/11 Commission Report; Congress as a whole, like the executive branch, adjusted _____ to the rise of transnational terrorism as a threat to national security.
Slowly
According to The 911 Commission Report, as units climbed higher, their ability to communicate with chiefs on tactical 1 became more limited and sporadic, both because of the limited effectiveness of FDNY radios in high-rises and because why?
So many units on tactical 1 were trying to communicate at once
Who acknowledges that it had no protocol for rescuing people trapped above a fire in the WTC towers?
The Port Authority
After what event did Reagan signed National Security Directive 138, calling for a "shift . . . from passive to active defense measures" and reprogramming or adding new resources to effect the shift
The killings of marines in Beirut President
According to The 911 Commission Report, in the spring of 2001, the level of reporting on terrorist threats and planned attacks increased dramatically to its highest level since when?
The millennium alert
According to The 9/11 Commission Report, by the end of a deputies meeting on September 10, officials formally agreed on what type of strategy?
Three-phase strategy
According to the 911 Commission Report; by the end of a deputies meeting on September 10, officials formally agreed on a what?
Three-phase strategy
According to The 911 Commission Report, the operatives were taught about other kinds of attack as well, such as _____ ________, so that they would not be able to disclose the exact nature of their operation if they were caught
Truck bombings
During the spring and summer of 1999, KSM realized that Khallad and Abu Bara, both of whom were Yemenis, would not be able to obtain what as easily as Saudi operatives like Mihdhar and Hazmi?
US visas
The attack on the ___ ____ galvanized al Qaeda's recruitment efforts.
USS Cole
According to KSM, Hazmi and Mihdhar were to use ______ documents to fly to Malaysia, then proceed to the United States using their Saudi passports to conceal their prior travels to and from Pakistan.
Yemeni
According to The 9/11 Commission Report; as Binalshibh tells it, Atef instructed the three to return to Germany and accomplish what?
enroll in flight school
In February 1999, Allen proposed doing what to build a baseline of intelligence outside the areas where the tribals had coverage?
flying a U2 mission over Afghanistan
Commission Report, the group (a U.S. interagency group) eventually concluded that the oft-repeated assertion that Bin Ladin was funding al Qaeda from ________ _______ was in fact not true.
personal fortune
According to The 911 Commission Report, during the final days, Binalshibh and Atta kept in contact by?
phone, email, and instant message
According to The 911 Commission Report, those who called 911 from floors below the impact were generally advised to do what?
remain in place
In the years before 9/11, the FAA perceived _______ as a greater threat to aviation than hijacking.
sabotage
In early August, who reported an attempt to ambush Bin Ladin's convoy as he traveled on the road between Kabul and Kandahar city— their first such reported interdiction attempt in more than a year and a half?
the tribals
The emergence of the ___ has given terrorists a much easier means of acquiring information and exercising command and control over their operations.
web
