HU exam

crito quotes

"And will life be worth having, if that higher part of man be destroyed, which is improved by justice and depraved by injustice?" ― Plato, Crito

Apology quote

"It is not difficult to avoid death, gentlemen of the jury; it is much more difficult to avoid wickedness, for it runs faster than death." ― Socrates, Apology

The Game Show

-If you want to be like a knight, act like a knight: written on the board. -Both quotes by socrates (morality of the many, tripartite psyche, and/or "it is not difficult to avoid death, it is more difficult to avoid wickedness, for it is much faster

Ataraxia

Peace of mind and tranquility practiced by the Epicureans and skeptics

Tripartite Psyche

Reason, Thymos, and Bodily desires. Socrates believed that reason should have moderate control over the other two

Euthyphro

What is the relationship between humans and gods? Being pious. But what is piety? - Euthyphro's dilemma- does god love good things because they are good, or are things good because god loves them? -If god makes things good, then he is very powerful -If he loves good things, they would still be good if there was no god

Euthyphro

described socrates' trial

Dialectal philosophy

philosophy through back and forth dialect

Psyche

soul or mind

Epoche

the practice of suspension of judgement by the skeptics (Pyrrho)

doxa

there is no truth, only doxa (opinions)

Apethia

without passion. Not without emotion, but control over emotions.

stoics

• Epictetus • Happiness comes from apathia (lack of passion/mastery of your feelings) • Having tight control over your feelings so they do not control you • Preferred indifferent: money, popularity, loved ones, etc • Stoics are stable enough to give anything up without being devastated • Reason and virtue make them happy, and ideally does not rely only on preferred indifference • The hardest types of people to torture • Decisions: listen to reason and not emotions

Cynics

• Radicals who reject society's values • Want to live completely according to nature • Anaideia- shamelessness • Personal freedoms lead to happiness

Epicureans

• The best life is a life that maximizes your pleasure and minimizes your pain • Happiness/Eudaimonia is the greatest good • The quadruple remedy: to achieve Eudaimonia, one must understand the nature of the gods, death, pleasure, and suffering o Gods- they exist, but do not care about us, therefore we should not care about them o Death- it is the destruction of atoms, death is just a void and nothing to us so focus on living in the moment o Pleasures: excess pleasures become pain • Want Ataraxia • The ideal for the stoics was "the sage," but it was something humans could never entirely reach • o Suffering: limit it by living a quiet life, focus on ataraxia and not basing your happiness on physical things, power or conern yourself with conflict o Don't disturb yourself or others. If you disturb others, it will disturb your ataraxia • Epicurean Paradox o Either god is capable of abolishing evil and he doesn't want to, or he wants to but cannot

Skeptics (pyrrho)

• They believed that humans would never be able to attain any absolute knowledge of anything • Believed that a hunger for asking questions was a harming, taxing, thing that caused worries and stress and was a waste of time. People were meant to embrace the radical uncertainty • Can often be influenced of different things and sees both sides • Since our data and knowledge is from our senses, how can people be so sure and confident about them o Human senses are unreliable, therefore scientific investigations are too because they are conducted and examined through our senses • There is no real truth, noly doxa: an opinion • Truth is very subjective, there is no objective truth • If there is any truth, humans do not know it • Skeptics are nonjudgmental and practice epoché (suspension of judgment) about all controversial aspects • Isn't even sure about skepticism • More like an attitude/ mental state than philosophy • Socrates sees them as quitters