Human Anatomy Chapter 19

Which of the following statements is not true? A. Albumin is a relatively rare plasma protein. B. Albumin contributes to blood viscosity. C. Albumin contributes to osmolarity. D. Albumin is produced in the liver. E. Albumin affects blood volume and pressure.

A. Albumin is a relatively rare plasma protein.

Which cells secrete histamine? A. Basophils B. Monocytes C. Neutrophils D. Eosinophils E. Lymphocytes

A. Basophils

Which cell is not phagocytic? A. Erythrocyte B. Eosinophil C. Macrophage D. Neutrophil E. Monocyte

A. Erythrocyte

Which plasma proteins are not produced by the liver? A. Gamma globulins B. Fibrinogen C. Albumin D. Alpha globulins E. Enzymes involved in the clotting process

A. Gamma globulins

Which of the following is not normally found in plasma? A. Glycogen B. Fibrinogen C. Glucose D. Urea E. Albumin

A. Glycogen

Which of these is not normally found in blood? A. Glycogen B. Fibrinogen C. Glucose D. Antibodies E. Albumin

A. Glycogen

What is the largest leukocyte that contains small cytoplasmic granules and typically a kidney- or horseshoe-shaped nucleus? A. Monocyte B. Lymphocyte C. Neutrophil D. Eosinophil E. Basophil

A. Monocyte

What do tissue macrophages develop from? A. Monocytes B. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes C. Lymphocytes D. Neutrophils E. Basophils

A. Monocytes

What is the most abundant type of white blood cell? A. Neutrophil B. Monocyte C. Lymphocyte D. Basophil E. Eosinophil

A. Neutrophil

Which formed element is not a true cell? A. Platelet B. Antibody C. Erythrocyte D. Neutrophil E. Monocyte

A. Platelet

Which of the following is a vasoconstrictor released by platelets that aids in hemostasis? A. Serotonin B. Platelet-derived growth factor C. Histamine D. Factor XII E. Plasmin

A. Serotonin

Which of the following is involved in breaking up old erythrocytes and disposing of the cellular remains? A. Spleen B. Bone marrow C. Lungs D. Heart E. Stomach

A. Spleen

Early in development, where do the first blood cell precursors form? A. The yolk sac B. The spleen C. The liver D. The bone marrow E. The heart

A. The yolk sac

Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of __________. A. fibrinogen B. nitrogenous wastes C. platelets D. glucose E. albumin

A. fibrinogen

The ABO blood group is determined by __________ in the plasma membrane of RBCs. A. glycolipids B. glycoproteins C. antibodies D. antigen-antibody complexes E. agglutinins

A. glycolipids

Which of the following is a normal hematocrit value? A. 12.5 mg/dL B. 42% C. 78% D. 5.0 X 106 RBCs/L E. 33 mg

B. 42%

A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type __________ and can receive RBCs from someone of type __________. A. O; AB B. AB; O C. A; B D. B; A E. O; O

B. AB; O

Which of the following is a likely cause of an abnormally high number of neutrophils? A. Leukopenia B. Bacterial infection C. Round worm infection D. Radiation exposure E. Eosinophilia

B. Bacterial infection

What are the least abundant of the formed elements? A. Platelets B. Basophils C. Erythrocytes D. Neutrophils E. Eosinophils

B. Basophils

Which cells aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine and heparin? A. Eosinophils B. Basophils C. Neutrophils D. Platelets E. Monocytes

B. Basophils

What is the term for macrophages that have migrated to the skin? A. Microglia B. Dendritic cells C. Mast cells D. Megaphagocytic cells E. Alveolar macrophages

B. Dendritic cells

How many molecules of oxygen can each molecule of hemoglobin carry? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. Approximately 100 E. Approximately 280 million

C. 4

What would be the effect of a genetic defect in a clotting factor that normally is part of the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin? A. Platelets would not be able to release serotonin. B. Platelet-derived growth factor would be lacking and smooth muscle in the walls of broken blood vessels would not be repaired. C. A clot that seals the break in a blood vessel would not form. D. Plasmin would not be produced and the clot would remain on the wall of the blood vessel without dissolving. E. Platelets would not adhere to one another to form the platelet plug.

C. A clot that seals the break in a blood vessel would not form.

Which of the following is not a formed element found in blood? A. Erythrocyte B. Platelet C. Antibody D. Eosinophil E. Lymphocyte

C. Antibody

Which cells fight infection by producing antibodies? A. T cells B. Natural killer cells C. B cells D. Eosinophils E. Macrophages

C. B cells

What are the least abundant leukocytes in normal circulating blood? A. Lymphocytes B. Eosinophils C. Basophils D. Neutrophils E. Monocytes

C. Basophils

Which of the following is not contained in the buffy coat? A. Lymphocytes B. Granulocytes C. Erythrocytes D. Agranulocytes E. Platelets

C. Erythrocytes

A person with type AB blood has __________ RBC antigen(s). A. no B. anti-A and anti-B C. anti-A D. anti-B E. A and B

E. A and B

Which nutrient is essential for adequate hemoglobin production? A. Iodine B. Magnesium C. Vitamin B D. Vitamin E E. Iron

E. Iron

Where are most clotting factors synthesized in the body? A. Spleen B. Red bone marrow C. Perivascular tissue D. Kidneys E. Liver

E. Liver

Which of the following cells is far larger than the others? A. Macrophage B. Monocyte C. Natural killer cell D. Erythrocyte E. Megakaryocyte

E. Megakaryocyte

Which of the following is not important when fighting bacterial infections? A. Proliferation of neutrophils B. Production of hydrogen peroxide C. Recognition of antigens by lymphocytes D. Production of antibodies by B cells E. Proliferation of red blood cells

E. Proliferation of red blood cells

What is a hereditary hemoglobin defect characterized by abnormally-shaped cells and anemia? A. Hemophilia B. Polycythemia C. Septicemia D. Cystic fibrosis E. Sickle-cell disease

E. Sickle-cell disease

Which of the following is a function of erythrocytes? A. To defend the body against pathogens B. To initiate blood clotting C. To regulate erythropoiesis D. To transport nutrients E. To transport carbon dioxide

E. To transport carbon dioxide

Most oxygen is transported in the blood bound to __________. A. the plasma membrane of erythrocytes B. alpha chains in hemoglobin C. beta chains in hemoglobin D. delta chains in hemoglobin E. heme groups in hemoglobin

E. heme groups in hemoglobin

The number of __________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections. A. basophils B. monocytes C. erythrocytes D. eosinophils E. neutrophils

E. neutrophils

Platelets release __________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm. A. heparin B. thrombin C. thromboplastin D. prostacyclin E. serotonin

E. serotonin

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and __________. A. defend the body against pathogens B. initiate blood clotting C. regulate erythropoiesis D. transport nutrients E. transport some carbon dioxide

E. transport some carbon dioxide

Which of the following would be an indication that an individual is suffering from leukemia? A. Examination of the blood reveals a large number of immature erythrocytes. B. Examination of the blood reveals a large number of immature leukocytes. C. The hematocrit is greater than 50. D. The person has polycythemia. E. The blood cells are an odd sickle shape.

B. Examination of the blood reveals a large number of immature leukocytes.

Which of the following would not lead to polycythemia? A. Cancer of the erythropoietic line of the red bone marrow B. Iron deficiency C. Dehydration D. Emphysema E. Excessive aerobic exercise

B. Iron deficiency

Lymphocytes do not mature in which of the following organs? A. Lymph nodes B. Liver C. Spleen D. Thymus E. Tonsils

B. Liver

Which of the following could result from an overly zealous exercise program? A. Mononucleosis B. Polycythemia C. Leukopenia D. Leukocytosis E. Hypoplastic anemia

B. Polycythemia

Which of the following is true of megakaryocytes? A. They give rise to macrophages. B. They give rise to platelets. C. They secrete histamine. D. They aggregate to plug tears in blood vessels. E. They are small (no larger than 2 to 4 mm in diameter).

B. They give rise to platelets.

Which of the following is a characteristic of mature red blood cells? A. They are able to undergo mitosis. B. They lack a nucleus. C. They have numerous mitochondria. D. They carry most of the carbon dioxide that is transported in the blood. E. They play an important role in immune defense.

B. They lack a nucleus.

What determines whether a person has type A, B, or O blood? A. Antibodies in blood plasma that react against foreign red blood cells B. Antibody receptors on the surface of red blood cells C. Glycolipids that act as antigens on the surface of red blood cells D. Variant structures of hemoglobin within red blood cells E. The presence or absence of spectrin in plasma membranes of red blood cells

C. Glycolipids that act as antigens on the surface of red blood cells

Anemia that results from an excessive rate of erythrocyte destruction is classified as what type of anemia? A. Hypoplastic B. Hemorrhagic C. Hemolytic D. Pernicious E. Malicious

C. Hemolytic

Which abundant white blood cell is characterized by a multi-lobed nucleus and fine reddish to violet granules in the cytoplasm? A. Monocyte B. Basophil C. Neutrophil D. Eosinophil E. Lymphocyte

C. Neutrophil

Which cells produce hypochlorite in response to bacterial infections? A. B cells B. Macrophages C. Neutrophils D. Basophils E. Eosinophils

C. Neutrophils

Where does myeloid hemopoiesis take place in adults? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. Red bone marrow D. Yellow bone marrow E. Liver

C. Red bone marrow

Where in the body are hemopoietic stem cells found? A. Yellow bone marrow B. Thymus C. Red bone marrow D. Spleen E. Liver

C. Red bone marrow

Which of the following is most likely to cause anemia? A. High altitude B. Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide C. Renal disease D. Smoking E. Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia

C. Renal disease

At what developmental stage do red blood cells leave the bone marrow and enter the circulating blood? A. Erythroblast B. Precursor cell C. Reticulocyte D. Erythrocyte E. Myeloblast

C. Reticulocyte

Which of the following is not a component of hemostasis? A. Platelet plug formation B. Vasoconstriction C. Secretion of histamine D. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin E. Secretion of platelet-derived growth factor

C. Secretion of histamine

Erythropoiesis is stimulated by a hormone that is secreted by which of the following? A. The pituitary gland B. The bone marrow C. The kidneys D. The thymus E. The spleen

C. The kidneys

What is leukopoiesis? A. A procedure for separating blood cells from plasma B. A hormone that stimulates blood cell formation C. The production of white blood cells D. The process in which white blood cells attack foreign cells E. A process that stops blood loss when a vessel is broken

C. The production of white blood cells

Blood serum is essentially the same as blood plasma, except that plasma contains __________ and serum does not. A. platelets B. nitrogenous wastes C. fibrinogen D. glucose E. albumin

C. fibrinogen

The cessation of bleeding is specifically called __________. A. a vascular spasm B. homeostasis C. hemostasis D. platelet plug formation E. coagulation

C. hemostasis

What is the average life span of red blood cells? A. 4 to 5 days B. 10 days C. 20 days D. 120 days E. Several decades

D. 120 days

What is the most abundant protein in plasma? A. Insulin B. Creatine C. Bilirubin D. Albumin E. Creatinine

D. Albumin

Under the microscope, you observe a cell with a lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm. Based on this information, the cell could be which of the following? A. Platelet B. Erythrocyte C. Monocyte D. Eosinophil

D. Eosinophil

Which cell would you expect to see more of in a person infected with a large parasite such as a tapeworm? A. Basophil B. Monocyte C. Neutrophil D. Eosinophil E. Erythrocyte

D. Eosinophil

Antibodies belong to which class of plasma proteins? A. Albumins B. Fibrinogens C. Beta globulins D. Gamma globulins E. Hormones

D. Gamma globulins

What is the mechanism for stopping bleeding called? A. Erythropoiesis B. Thrombocytosis C. Vasoconstriction D. Hemostasis E. Negative feedback

D. Hemostasis

Which of the following might be injected into a patient who is prone to forming blood clots and therefore at risk of a heart attack or stroke? A. Thromboplastin B. Fibrinogen C. Fibrin D. Heparin E. Factor X

D. Heparin

Which of the following is not a function of blood? A. Nutrient transport B. Heat transfer C. Clotting D. Hormone production E. pH buffering

D. Hormone production

Which of the following is not true regarding sickle-cell disease? A. It is caused by a recessive allele that modifies the structure of hemoglobin. B. It is due to a hereditary hemoglobin defect. C. It is advantageous in that it can protect carriers against malaria. D. It is a cause of malaria. E. It is a cause of anemia.

D. It is a cause of malaria.

What is the function of histamine? A. It is a chemical that kills bacteria. B. It is an anticoagulant that inhibits blood clotting. C. It is a clotting factor. D. It is a vasodilator that speeds blood flow to injured tissues. E. It is a signal to B cells to produce antibodies.

D. It is a vasodilator that speeds blood flow to injured tissues.

What is a low number of circulating leukocytes called? A. Leukocytosis B. Leukemia C. Polycythemia D. Leukopenia E. Oligoleukosis

D. Leukopenia

What are the most abundant agranulocytes? A. Macrophages B. Eosinophils C. Monocytes D. Lymphocytes E. Neutrophils

D. Lymphocytes

Which of the following cells is from a different lineage than the rest? A. Proerythroblast B. Erythrocyte colony-forming unit C. Erythroblast D. Myeloblast E. Reticulocyte

D. Myeloblast

When a clot is no longer needed, what is it dissolved by? A. Prothrombin B. Platelet-derived growth factor C. Serotonin D. Plasmin E. Fibrinase

D. Plasmin

Which of the following is not a function of blood? A. Transports a variety of nutrients B. Helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids C. Participates in the initiation of blood clotting D. Produces plasma hormones E. Helps to regulate body temperature

D. Produces plasma hormones

Which of the following is a function of eosinophils? A. They produce histamine in response to inflammation. B. They produce heparin. C. They destroy body cells infected with viruses. D. They phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes. E. They produce antibodies.

D. They phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes.

The viscosity of blood is due more to the presence of __________ than to any other factor. A. fibrin B. albumin C. sodium D. erythrocytes E. nitrogenous wastes

D. erythrocytes

Leukemia is to leukocytes as __________ is to erythrocytes. A. anemia B. erythropoiesis C. erythroblastosis D. polycythemia E. agglutination

D. polycythemia