human biology ch. 9,10,11

Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells?

Cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following statements about HIV is true

HIV specifically impairs the cell-mediated immune response.

Which of the following statements about viruses is true?

Viruses require a host cell in which to reproduce

What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to

an antigenic determinant

Antibiotics are most likely to be effective in the treatment of infections caused by

bacteria

What do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic lateral sclerosis) have in common?

both damage the myelin sheath, slowing action potential transmission.

If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated?

cellular immunity

brain and spinal cord make up the

central nervous system

A A spinal reflex requires the participation of each of the following, EXCEPT

cerebral cortex

Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins in that they both

contain one-way valves to prevent the backflow of fluid

During a breathing cycle, as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles __________, the volume of the pleural cavity __________ and air moves __________ the lungs.

contract; increases; into

Which of the following is an inherited condition characterized by the production of abnormally thick mucus that can interfere with air flow within the lungs

cystic fibrosis

The central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meninges called the

dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid

What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient

humoral immunity

The primary immune response is

less effective

Which one of the following divisions of the nervous system predominates during the relaxed state?

parasympathetic

single-celled organism about 1 micrometer, lacking a nucleus. What type of cell is this

prokaryote

Information coming into the central nervous system arrives via __________, while information going from the central nervous system to the muscles, glands, and organs travels via __________.

sensory, motor

Specific defense mechanisms differ from nonspecific defense mechanisms in that only specific mechanisms

utilize B cells and T cells

Which one of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive?

Oxygen is essential for the production of most of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions.

Which of the following is a benefit of resident bacteria

Resident bacteria can out-compete harmful bacteria and lower the incidence of infection.

Why do smokers experience a higher incidence of respiratory infection than nonsmokers?

Smoking diminishes the number and action of cilia.

Which of the following act(s) as a neighborhood watch group, looking for specific invaders in the blood or other fluids that have compromised the first two lines of defense

antibody-mediated immunity

Vaccines contain

antigens of the pathogen

Botulism toxin interferes with the transmission of nerve impulses (action potentials) to skeletal muscles. This interferes directly with

breathing

Unlike capillaries in the systemic circuit, in the pulmonary circuit, __________ blood enters the capillaries from the arterioles and __________ blood leaves the capillaries for the venules

deoxygenated, oxygenated.

The exchange of gases between inhaled air and the blood is called

external respiration

The first type of white blood cell to arrive at the site of an infection is the eosinophil

false

The two major subdivisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the limbic nervous system

false

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for speech and conscious thought

frontal

Gases flow passively from an area of __________ pressure to an area of __________ pressure

high to low

The urinary tract represents a portal of entry for E.coli, a normal inhabitant of the GI tract. Introduction of this opportunistic pathogen and its subsequent colonization is known as

infection

Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system?

innate external

Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense system

innate internal

Which of the following represents the first line of defense against unwanted pathogens

intact skin

Which of the following parts of the brain is associated with emotions and behavior?

limbic system

Fever is caused when __________ release __________.

macrophages; pyrogens

Control of respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure is integrated through the

medulla

respiratory control center is located

medulla oblongata

Which of the following lists the order of structures through which air will pass during inspiration

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Autoimmune disorders occur when

not able to recognize self cells

Which of the following is not associated with all cell types

nucleus

What cells make antibodies

plasma b

Which one of the following provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment?

sensory division

a specific antibody will bind to

specific antigen

A patient enters your office, feeling achy and tired. Subsequent evaluation reveals a temperature of 103.8 oF. The achy and tired feeling represents a _____ of infection, and a temperature of 103.8 oF represents a _____ of infection.

symptom, sign

A person is exposed to the same pathogen for a second time and does not get sick. This is because

the secondary response

The lungs are enclosed by a double pleural membrane. These membranes are attached to the __________ and the __________.

thoracic cavity; lung surface