human biology chapter 1

The ability to stand upright and walk on two legs is termed ________.

bipedalism

Organisms made up of one cell are said to be ________.

unicellular

Which kingdom in the Domain Eukarya contains multicellular photosynthesizers

Plantae

In science, graphs are often used to display data collected from an experiment. Which one of the following is TRUE regarding a graph?

The dependent variable is plotted on the y-axis.

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding knowledge gained through scientific investigation?

The information can be used to detect problems at an early stage and correct mistakes.

Which one of the following is a TRUE statement?

Cells are incapable of maintaining homeostasis because they are too small.

A(n) ________ is a category of the classification system of organisms that can include multiple kingdoms.

domain

Which one of the following sequences represents taxa arranged in order from largest, most all inclusive, to smallest?

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

A student needs information from the National Institutes of Health, a government agency. Which one of the following endings should he or she look for in the Internet address?

gov

A display of data obtained from scientific experiments can often be described using a(n) ________ to clarify the meaning of experimental results.

graph

The process by which living organisms maintain a fairly constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment is known as

homeostasis

Which one of the following is a kingdom?

Animalia

Unicellular microorganisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membranous organelles are classified into two domains: ________ and ________.

Bacteria; Archaea

Which one of the following of the following statements is FALSE?

Because scientific knowledge is empirical, it cannot be tested.

Which one of the following is a CORRECT statement regarding metabolism?

Cells maintain life through the breakdown of molecules and energy by chemical and physical processes.

Which one of the following experiments would be considered acceptable in our society?

Determining the response of a patient's "incurable" cancer to a newly developed cancer drug.

"Double-Blind" experiments are designed so that only subjects do not know if they are receiving placebo or drug.

False

How does scientific information in peer-reviewed journals differ from that in newspapers?

Information is more technical; readers usually require a background in the field in order to understand the article.

Which one of the following taxa (subgroups used in classification) applies to humans?

Mammals

According to the Health & Wellness essay, The Growing Threat of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, which one of the following is TRUE?

The more we use antibiotics, the more we encourage the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.

A theory is a hypothesis that has been tested many times and continues to be supported.

True

he branch of science that studies the natural world within the context of life is

biology

Which one of the following sequences is CORRECT in terms of level of organization from least to most complex?

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

A carefully planned and executed manipulation of the natural world used to test a prediction in the scientific method is a(n) ________.

experiment

A properly designed controlled experiment should include both a(n) ________ group and a(n) ________ group.

experimental; control

Which one of the following best describes the evolutionary advantage of bipedalism?

frees the hands for carrying objects

One of the most common ways to get information out to a wide audience in the least amount of time regarding hot topics in science is by using

general interest news magazines or newspapers.

he chemical and physical processes that are involved in energy and molecular transformations in living organisms are collectively termed ________.

metabolism

A farmer wants to improve crop yield in his fields by testing the effectiveness of a new pesticide available on the market. Which one of the following is the best control for this experiment?

no new pesticide used on the control field; new pesticide used only on the experimental field

The first step of the scientific method is ________.

observation

Humans can grasp objects between their thumbs and fingers because the thumb is ________.

opposable

A group of tissues working together for a common purpose is known as a(n) ________

organ

Which one of the following is the lowest level of biological organization in which evolutionary change can occur?

population

A factor of interest that can be manipulated to create an experimental group is called a(n) ________.

variable

Molecules of lifeinclude which one of the following?

water, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates

After years of experimentation and testing, it is possible to prove that a hypothesis is true, at which point it becomes absolute truth.

False

Human are only one species of many different primates that prefer to walk upright on two legs.

False

Plants obtain their energy directly from the soil, air, and water in their environment.

False

Special-interest groups are not permitted to post information as science on the Internet unless it has undergone peer review.

False

The kingdom Protista primarily includes multicellular eukaryotic organisms.

False

The Internet has been used as a rapid means to obtain information, including scientific ideas. Which one of the following statements about the Internet as a source of scientific information is FALSE?

Information on the Internet is generally very reliable because inaccurate information is quickly removed or corrected.

Because the natural world includes all energy and matter, it also includes all living organisms.

True

Scientific knowledge cannot prove or disprove the existence, or importance to us, of issues that fall outside of the natural world.

True

The validity of a prediction in the scientific method is determined by experimentation or observation.

True

Information that takes the form of a testimonial is considered to be ________ evidence, not scientific evidence because it is not based on empirical evidence.

anecdotal

According to a recent study of nearly 140,000 women who were enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative, women who breast-fed their babies had a lower risk of developing heart disease and diabetes later in life than women who did not breast-feed their babies. These research findings are an example of

correlation.

When data are presented in a graph, independent variables such as time or age should be plotted on the ________ axis.

horizontal or abscissa or x-

A(n) ________ is a tentative statement about the natural world that can lead to a testable deduction.

hypothesis

The process by which an individual makes a generalization after examining specific cases is termed ________ reasoning.

inductive

The four organic molecules found in all living systems are carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and ________.

proteins

Peer review is essential to the scientific process because

several experts in the field are able to scrutinize a finding before it can be published.

Approaching new information with a questioning attitude and looking for evidence to support the claim involves

skepticism

A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring is a(n) ________.

species

The process of displaying and organizing data to represent connections is known as

statistics.

The application of scientific knowledge to improve the condition of humans is known as ________.

technology

Humans possess several characteristics that, when taken together, differentiate them from other organisms. These characteristics include all of the following EXCEPT which one?

the inability to maintain a constant internal body temperature

All of these criteria are used to classify an organism as a member of the plant, animal, or fungi kingdom EXCEPT which one?

the means by which the organism transports itself