Human Biology : Chapters 10,11,14 and 15

Arrange the parts of the nephron in the box below in order as fluid flows from the glomerulus through the nephron

1. renal corpuscle, 5. proximal tubule, 3. loop of henle, 4. distal tubule, 2. collecting dust.

Physicians recommend that people breathe through their noses instead of their mouths. Which of the following best describes what occurs as air is drawn through the nose?

Air is warmed, humidified and filtered.

Insufficient production of acetylcholine in the synapses of the brain, abnormal tangled neurons, and large deposits of beta amyloid are problems associated with....

Alzheimer's disease

Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing water retention when the body is dehydrated?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Arrange the following entries in the order in which air contracts them as air is drawn into the body. A. trachea B. bronchiole C. pharynx D. alveoli E. larynx

C,E,A,B,D

During this process, influx of _____ cause(s) vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ____.

Ca2+, neurotransmitter

________ is the most highly developed part of the brain; the corpus callosum interconnects its two sides; associated with language and conscious thought.

Cerebrum

Which of the following events associated with the transmission of an impulse across a synapse occurs last?

Chemically gated channels for sodium open.

During the ingestion of food or liquid, the_______ folds down to block the opening into the trachea.

Epiglottis

Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing the production of red blood cells?

Erythropoeitin

During periods of stress or increased activity, the parasympathetic division of the automatic nervous system predominates; during periods of rest, the sympathetic division of the automatic nervous system predominates.

False

Motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system transmit impulses away from central nervous system.

False

______is responsible higher order reasoning, the initiation of motor output, and speech formation.

Frontal lobe

A diuretic such as alcohol or caffeine.

Increases urine production

How is the nervous system able to respond to changes in the environment so quickly?

It possesses many sensory neurons that are constantly evaluating the internal and external environment.

All of the following are accessory organs of the digestive tract except the...

Large intestine

Which of the following is not true of mucus produced in the nasal cavity?

Mucus is produced by cells located in the tongue.

Which of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive?

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the process of cellular respiration, which results in the production of the ATPs required to energize cell functions.

During inspiration, intercostal muscles function to...

Pull the rib cage up and out, so that lung volume increases.

Which of the following is true regarding the effect of smoking on the respiratory system?

Smoking destroys cilia lining the respiratory tract.

During a cough, what is responsible for constricting the size of the trachea?

Smooth muscle contractions in the trachea

Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage the generation of the new electrical impulses by...

Stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons.

_____receives and interprets visual impulses.

Temporal lobe

Which of the following is not true regarding gastric juice?

The enzyme pepsin in gastric juice breaks down large carbohydrates into smaller carbohydrates

A student noticed that every time he smelled a certain perfume in the hallway, it reminded him of his first girlfriend. This is due largely to the activity of the limbic system.

True

Which of the following is a vitamin that is activated into its functional form by the kidneys?

Vitamin D

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream will cause..

a decrease in the pH of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

Which of the following hormones is responsible for sodium (salt) reabsorption by the collecting ducts?

aldosterone

A disorder of the nervous system in which the individual eats and then deliberately vomits is

bulimia

The watery mixture of partially digested food produced in the stomach is called

chyme

The outer portion of the kidney is called the__________ and the inner portion is called the________

cortex, medulla

_______relies on peristalsis to move food to the stomach

esophagus

_______releases bile into the duodenum

liver

Bile is produced by the ________ and stored in the _______.

liver, gall bladder

Excretory organs include the........

lungs, liver, skin and kidney

_______mechanical and chemical digestion begins here

mouth

The functional unit of the kidney which is responsible for forming the urine is the........

nephron

These cells within the central nervous system provide protection and physical support to neurons but do not conduct nerve impulses.

neuroglial cells

The process by which food is propelled through the digestive tract by alternating contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle is called...

peristalsis

Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the venous supply in what form?

soluble bicarbonate ion

Nutrient rich blood moves from the small intestine to the liver via

the hepatic portal system

A calorie is_______________.

the unit by which energy in food is measured