Human Biology- Digestive System

Which is true regarding the absorption of nutrients during digestion?

Proteins are chemically digested to amino acids and absorbed into the blood of capillaries in the small intestine

Which sphincter regulates the passage of materials to the duodenum?

Pyloric

What does the combining form cyst/o mean?

Sac

Endocrine cells in the duodenum secrete what hormone?

Secretin

Which answer choice below is considered the afferent sensory neuron in the reflex arc for defecation?

Stretch receptors in the rectal wal

Which digestive parasite attaches to the intestinal wall by suckers and feed off the partially-digested materials passing by?

Tapeworm

Which statement is false regarding nutrient absorption in the small intestines?

The ileum reabsorbs 20% of the bile acids in the chyme, while the other 80% will leave the body during defecation

What causes the pyloric sphincter to open?

The low pH of the stomach

Which of the following is not an effect of aging on the digestive system?

The rate of movement through the large intestine increases with age.

Which of the following represent the correct sequence of steps in deglutition?

The tongue pushes the bolus back to the pharynx - the larynx pushes up, causing the epiglottis to close over the glottis - the bolus moves into the esophagus - peristalsis moves the bolus toward the stomach.

What organ in the digestive system manipulates what is ingested and provides the sense of taste?

Tongue

What structure in the oral cavity directs materials downward to the pharynx?

Uvula

Which of the following combining forms does not refer to a part of the intestine?

enter/o

Which of the following combining forms means intestines?

enter/o

Which of the following combining forms means stomach?

gastr/o

Which of the following combining forms means tongue?

gloss/o

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach has what pH?

0.8

What helps complete lipid digestion by emulsifying fats?

Bile

Which ligament of the liver is a sheet of mesentery that suspends the liver from the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall?

Falciform ligament

Which integration center listed below is found in the reflex arc for defecation?

Spinal cord

Which organism can cause food poisoning that results in nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting that occurs 1-6 hours after eating the contaminated food?

Staphylococcus

What is the function of intrinsic factor?

Allows vitamin B12 to be absorbed.

Which cranial nerve is not required for deglutition?

Cranial nerve XI

What is the pH of the saliva?

6.8 to 7.0

What is the function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

All of the answers are correct

Which of the following represent to correct sequence for bile leaving the liver?

Bile travels from the hepatocytes, to hepatic ductules, to the right and left hepatic ducts, to the common hepatic duct, to the common bile duct.

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of the regions in the colon?

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

Which cells produce gastrin?

Chief cells

Which cells secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase in the stomach?

Chief cells

What hormone tells the gallbladder to contract and release its bile through the cystic duct to the common bile duct?

Cholecystokinin

Which answer lists the parts of the small intestine in the correct order?

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Where are the submandibular salivary glands?

Inferior to the angle of the mandible on each side

Most absorption takes place in which part of the small intestine?

Jejunum

Which statement is false regarding the enzymes in saliva?

Lingual lipase is activated by the pH in the stomach which is higher than in the mouth.

Where does the blood from the capillaries of the stomach and intestine go?

Liver

What is the term used for the process of chewing?

Mastication

Which of the following statements correctly compares mechanical digestion and chemical digestion?

Mechanical digestion is the breakdown of large pieces of complex molecules to smaller pieces of complex molecules while chemical digestion is the breakdown of complex molecules to their building blocks so they can be absorbed.

Which layer of smooth muscle in the stomach is arranged longitudinally?

Outer layer

Which organ has both a digestive function and an endocrine function?

Pancreas

What part of the nervous system controls digestion?

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

What is the function of pepsin in the stomach?

Partially breaks down proteins

What structure is part of both the respiratory and digestive system?

Pharynx