Human Biology: Nervous and Endocrine Systems

There are three types of neurons. _____ neurons carry information from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain. In the brain, ______ carry information from the sensory neurons to ______ neurons, which causes muscles to contact and move.

Sensory Interneurons Motor

(Essay) In the endocrine system, what is the function of a negative feedback loop?

The function of a negative feedback loop is to reduce the output of a system. In the endocrine system, negative feedback stops or decreases the production of a hormone that is no longer needed.

Which part of the brain serves to regulate the endocrine system? adrenal gland thymus hypothalamus thyroid

hypothalamus

Diabetes occurs when there is a large amount of sugar in the blood. Which gland is most likely not functioning well enough in a person who has diabetes? pituitary thyroid pancreas adrenal

pancreas

(Essay) What is the function of the nervous system? What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

The nervous system helps the body to respond to internal and external stimuli. Sometimes the stimuli can be dangerous so the nervous system also protects the body. The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron.

Which are examples of negative feedback? Select three options. a child whose thymus gland is building an immune system that gets stronger each day when someone's adrenal gland reacts to a scary movie by secreting hormones that make the heart beat quickly when someone's pancreas stops producing the hormone that lowers blood sugar because the person hasn't eaten recently when someone's pancreas hormone increases every time they eat, but decreases when they aren't eating when a person takes calcium supplements so a gland will stop secreting a hormone that pulls calcium from the bones

when someone's pancreas stops producing the hormone that lowers blood sugar because the person hasn't eaten recently when someone's pancreas hormone increases every time they eat, but decreases when they aren't eating when a person takes calcium supplements so a gland will stop secreting a hormone that pulls calcium from the bones

After Hunter drank a glass of milk, sugar levels in his blood increased. This stimulated the hormone insulin to be released. Insulin helped the sugar move from his blood into cells, so his blood sugar levels decreased. Which statement explains what happened next? - Positive feedback caused his pancreas to stop secreting insulin. - Negative feedback caused his pancreas to stop secreting insulin. - Negative feedback caused his pancreas to produce more insulin. - Positive feedback caused his pancreas to produce more insulin.

Negative feedback caused his pancreas to stop secreting insulin.

Neville has low blood pressure and his pituitary started producing a hormone to maintain water balance. His blood pressure eventually returned to normal. Which best describes what might happen next? - Positive feedback will stop the release of this hormone. - Positive feedback will speed up the release of this hormone. - Negative feedback will speed up the release of this hormone. - Negative feedback will stop the release of this hormone.

Negative feedback will stop the release of this hormone.

Reese senses information from her hand, processes it, and determines she needs to move her hand out of the way. Which is the path of information through the nervous system? CNS → PNS → PNS PNS → CNS → PNS CNS → PNS → CNS PNS → CNS → CNS

PNS → CNS → PNS

The _____ gland controls water balance, growth, and blood pressure.

Pituitary

____ feedback is a type of feedback in which a system is triggered to produce an output.

Positive

During childbirth, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland causes muscles of the mother's uterus (or womb) to contract. The more contractions there are, the more hormone is produced. Which best explains why this occurs? - Positive feedback is used to build more contractions. - Positive feedback is used to lessen the effects of the contractions. - Negative feedback is used to build more contractions. - Negative feedback is used to lessen the effects of the contractions.

Positive feedback is used to build more contractions.

Which best describes the role of a negative feedback loop? - The output is reduced so the body can maintain homeostasis. - The output builds so the body can maintain homeostasis. - Hormone levels in the blood increase to increase effects. - Hormone levels in the blood decrease to increase effects.

The output is reduced so the body can maintain homeostasis.

(Essay) Dina walks out the door and a blast of cold air greets her. She goes back into her house and puts a coat on. What is the stimulus, the sensory receptor, and the response in the scenario?

The stimulus is the temperature of the air. Sensory receptors in the skin send signals to the brain that the temperature is cold. Motor neurons stimulate muscle cells so that Dina can move to put on her coat.

Which is an involuntary automatic response to a stimuli? a reflex an interneuron a receptor a hormone

a reflex

Which neuron delivers information to the central nervous system? a motor neuron an interneuron a sensory neuron a reflex

a sensory neuron

Elisa was walking through her neighborhood one afternoon and came upon a cat that was stuck under a fallen tree branch. The branch was large and heavy, but Elisa was able to lift it and free the cat. Which gland helped Elisa to lift the branch? thymus pancreas ovary adrenal

adrenal

The _______ is te part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body. cell body axon dendrite nucleus

axon

When the body is exposed to low temperatures, which is the pathway for information in the nervous system? shivering → motor neuron → interneuron → sensory neuron → cold skin cold skin → sensory neuron → interneuron → shivering → motor neuron sensory neuron → cold skin → interneuron → motor neuron → shivering cold skin → sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron → shivering

cold skin → sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron → shivering

Which is the pathway for information through a neuron? dendrite → axon → cell body → axon terminals axon terminals → axon → cell body → dendrite dendrite → cell body → axon → axon terminals cell body → dendrite → axon → axon terminals

dendrite → cell body → axon → axon terminals

Which best describes when the body is working on counteracting an effect? - when hormone levels in the body are all equal - during a negative feedback loop - during a positive feedback loop - when the hypothalamus is signaling the pituitary gland

during a negative feedback loop

Which most likely appear in the central nervous system only? sensory neurons interneurons motor neurons effector neurons

interneurons

Which receive information from the axon terminals of the neuron? Select three options. muscles mucus neurons bones glands

muscles neurons glands

Which is a reflex response? - putting on a coat when you see that it is snowing outside - pulling your foot away after stepping on a sharp object - laughing at a funny joke told by one of your classmates - eating a snack when your stomach growls from hunger

pulling your foot away after stepping on a sharp object

Justine took a sip of milk and immediately spat it out because she realized it had soured. Which path did messages in her nervous system follow to cause this reaction? sensory neurons → sensory receptors → motor neurons → interneurons sensory receptors → sensory neurons → interneurons → motor neurons motor receptors → interneurons → sensory neurons → sensory receptors sensory receptor → interneurons → Sensory neuron → motor neurons

sensory receptors → sensory neurons → interneurons → motor neurons

Janelle was telling her mom about a dream where she was being chased by wolves. She said she ran and ran and when she woke up, her heart was beating rapidly, and she was very tired. Which gland had secreted a hormone that cuased her body to respond in this way? the thyroid the thymus the pancreas the adrenal gland

the adrenal gland

Where are the sensory receptors for sound? the tongue the nose the ears the eyes

the ears

Which is the control center for the endocrine system? the thymus the hypothalamus the pancreas the thyroid

the hypothalamus

An example of a secondary sex characteristic is the increase in hair on some parts of the body. Which organ(s) would be responsible for this trait? Select two options. the thyroid the ovaries the thymus the adrenal gland the testes the pancreas

the ovaries the testes

After injuring his knee, Kai began having pain and numbness in his lower leg. The doctor said the injury damaged nerves that run all the way down his leg. Damage to which system is causing Kai's pain and numbness? the peripheral nervous system the central nervous system the endocrine system the circulatory system

the peripheral nervous system

Which organ helps a child develop immunity? the thyroid the thymus the pancreas the ovaries

the thymus

Lilah has gained a lot of weight recently, she works out and watches her food intake, but she is still gaining weight. When she visited the doctor, he told her she had a problem with one of her endocrine glands. Which gland would most likely have an issue with maintaining the breakdown of food? the thyroid the thymus the pancreas the ovaries

the thyroid

Lisa is eating dinner.Which sensory organs is she most likely using to process what she is eating? eyes, tongue, ears nose, ears, skin skin, tongues, nose tongue, nose, eyes

tongue, nose, eyes