human edu ch9

______ is an ocular motility defect that involves the suppression of images resulting from a disorder, such as an uncorrected refractive error.

Amblyopia

An individual suffering from experiences focusing problems, regardless of whether the visual stimulus is near or far away.

Blank 1: astigmatism

A(n) is used by educational teams to make deliberate and informed decisions on the total range of instructional media needed to facilitate learning for students with visual impairments.

Blank 1: learning Blank 2: media Blank 3: assessment

A(n) is an ophthalmologist or optometrist who further specializes in assessment, prescription, and use of low vision devices.

Blank 1: low Blank 2: vision Blank 3: specialist

The lens directly behind the iris and pupil can change the shape to take what is being seen and focus it onto the very back of the eye, called the

Blank 1: retina

How can social interaction skills be developed in students with blindness or low vision?

By allowing opportunities to interact with and gain mentoring from other individuals with blindness or low vision.

How can the orientation and mobility skills of a student with blindness or low vision be enhanced?

By ensuring that the student's environment is reasonably consistent in its setup.

True or false: Students with blindness or low vision cannot develop play and social interaction skills.

False

True or false: The validity of cognitive ability tests is not affected by comparing results of blind students to their sighted peers.

False

Identify a true statement about the intellectual characteristics of students with blindness or low vision.

Identify a true statement about the intellectual characteristics of students with blindness or low vision.

Identify a feature of nystagmus which is a common problem of ocular motility.

It causes a student to tilt or turn his or her head to improve his or her vision.

Identify a true statement about visual impairment in students.

It is considered a low prevalence Individuals with Disabilities Education Act category.

Identify an accurate statement about a learning media assessment for students with blindness or low vision.

It is helpful for identifying specific reading and listening skills of the students that should be assessed.

Identify a true statement about the onset of astigmatism.

It is usually present at birth.

According to the Division for Visual Impairments and Deafblindness of the Council for Exceptional Children, identify a feature of the least restrictive environment (LRE).

It provides access to the general core and expanded core curricula by highly qualified staff.

Identify an accurate statement about the instructional environment for students with blindness or low vision.

It should be the least restrictive environment in which the students can learn and interact with others.

______ is a vision condition in which the eyes of an individual tend to move abruptly in continual jerky types of involuntary motion even though the eyes are fixed in terms of direction.

Nystagmus

Identify a true statement about the intellectual characteristics of students with blindness or low vision.

There is no effect of the ability to see on the general intelligence of students.

Identify the true statements about the play skills of students with blindness or low vision. (Check all that apply.)

These skills are used as instructional tools in supporting the learning of young children with visual impairments. These skills are likely to be delayed in the children.

Identify the true statements about independent living skills that are part of the expanded core curriculum for students with blindness or low vision. (Check all that apply.)

These skills should be taught by being sensitive to the cultural values of the students. These skills should be incorporated throughout the day.

Identify a feature of guide dogs that are used by students with blindness or low vision.

They are used to enhance safe movement in community environments.

Identify an accurate statement about ocular motility defects.

They lead to difficulty in seeing a clear image.

Identify a feature of opticians who are involved in treating vision problems.

They make or deal in optical devices and instruments.

In the context of social interaction skills, identify an accurate statement about students with blindness or low vision.

They may need to have these skills encouraged at home, school, and in the community.

Which of the following is true of functional vision assessments for students with blindness or low vision?

They occur after a student has been assessed by medical and other vision specialists for diagnosis and treatment of existing eye conditions.

In the context of instructional content, identify an accurate statement about preschool and younger children.

They should be provided with an early intervention curriculum.

What should special education teachers and adaptive physical education teachers do to develop the recreation and leisure skills of students with blindness and low vision? (Check all that apply.)

They should expose the students to a variety of activities so that they may choose those that match their interests. They should consult with community personnel to ensure participation outside of school.

What should general education teachers do to ease the adjustment of students with vision loss in school?

They should provide support for the students' emotional and learning needs.

True or false: Teachers should not consider the low vision or blindness of a student as indicative of lowered intelligence.

True

Which of the following is most likely to be examined with the help of a functional vision assessment in students with blindness or low vision?

Use of vision to localize and fixate.

In the context of recreation and leisure skills that are part of the expanded core curriculum for students with vision impairment, identify a special sport that is specifically designed for those with visual impairments.

beep baseball

An accurate statement about strabismus, a common problem of ocular motility, is that it causes ______.

both eyes to converge inward or outward although they can be vertically aligned

The opening and closing of the pupil depending on the brightness of the environment is controlled by the ______.

iris

Amblyopia is a common ocular motility defect that causes ______.

lifelong visual impairment if left untreated

Match the terms (in the left column) with their definitions (in the right column).

low vision matches Choice, It refers to vision with acuity measures of 20/70 up to 20/200. It refers to vision with acuity measures of 20/70 up to 20/200. legal blindness matches Choice, It refers to vision with acuity measures of 20/200 or worse in the best eye with the best possible correction. It refers to vision with acuity measures of 20/200 or worse in the best eye with the best possible correction.

An accurate statement about students with blindness and low vision in the context of language and concept development according to the suggestions of Tadic et al. is that they ______.

may still exhibit social-communicative and pragmatic language difficulties

Match the refractive errors (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).

myopia matches Choice, It causes problems for an individual while viewing visual stimuli at far distances. It causes problems for an individual while viewing visual stimuli at far distances. hyperopia matches Choice, It causes problems for an individual while viewing visual stimuli at close range. It causes problems for an individual while viewing visual stimuli at close range.

Which of the following most likely involves the coordinated use of two eyes simultaneously to achieve the binocular vision?

ocular motility

Medical doctors who identify and treat eye problems, prescribe drugs, and perform surgery are called ______.

ophthalmologists

In the context of the expanded core curriculum, which of the following skills is required by students with blindness or low vision for successful navigation through a school and other environments?

orientation and mobility skills

Which of the following is likely to be the best means of first identifying a suspected vision problem in infants and toddlers?

parental reporting

Visual acuity is a term used to describe the ______.

perception of sharp visual images

Which of the following techniques is used to estimate visual acuity in infants and toddlers?

preferential looking techniques

Which of the following is most likely an example of the career and transition skills that are part of the expanded core curriculum for students with blindness or low vision?

professional education and vocational counseling

In the context of external eye problems, which of the following is an orbital problem of the eye?

protruding or abnormally small eyeballs

In the context of the expanded core curriculum for students with blindness or low vision, the career and transition skills of a student can be enhanced by ______.

providing access to technology skill development and assistive technology devices

Cognitive ability assessments that are part of the comprehensive assessment for students with blindness or low vision typically assess the ______.

response of the students to visual stimuli

An accurate characteristic of astigmatism is that it ______.

results in images appearing partially in focus and, at the same time, partially blurred

True or false: According to Hatton, McWilliam, and Winton, early interventionists working with infants and toddlers with blindness and low vision and their families affect the attachment process between child and parent.

t

Identify an accurate statement about the expanded core curriculum.

t includes skills that are needed particularly by many students with blindness or low vision, such as orientation and mobility skills.

Identify the factors that are assumed to have a negative impact on the academic achievement of individuals with blindness or low vision. (Check all that apply.)

the severity of the vision loss the age of onset

Students with visual impairments are most likely to require cognitive and behavioral interventions when ______.

they have the problem of weaving of the head or rocking

Which of the following is an external eye problem?

thinning of the cornea

Identify the independent living skills that are part of the expanded core curriculum for students with blindness or low vision. (Check all that apply.)

time monitoring personal hygiene

Blindness or low vision is identified in school-aged children by ______.

vision screening using a Snellen chart

The capacity to interpret or give meaning to what is seen with the eyes in respect to an individual's developmental level is known as ______.

visual perception

Identify suggestions offered by Cox and Dykes and Smith and Luckasson for including students with blindness or low vision in the general education classroom. (Check all that apply.)

Make materials as tactile as possible, and be consistent in the placement of materials so that students know where particular items are located. Provide visual cues such as posting and reading a daily schedule and have time cues available to help students stay on track.

______ is a type of perceptual ability that deals with a child's ability to perceive his or her own body in space and in relation to surroundings.

Spatial perception

______, a common problem of ocular motility, refers to any deviation in the alignment of the eyes as a result of muscle imbalance or a neurological condition.

Strabismus

In the context of specific issues related to blindness or low vision, which of the following adaptations is most likely to be helpful for students with depth perception difficulties?

Teaching eye-hand coordination and distance recognition skills.

Identify an accurate statement about the effects of blindness or low vision on the academic achievements of students according to Bardin and Lewis's study.

The academic engagement of braille-reading students was rated similar to that of low achieving sighted children in language arts classes.

Match the skills in the expanded core curriculum for students with blindness or low vision (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).

compensatory skills matches Choice, These skills are needed by students with blindness or low vision to gain access to and succeed in the general core curriculum. These skills are needed by students with blindness or low vision to gain access to and succeed in the general core curriculum. access skills matches Choice, These skills are needed by students to use the curriculum as independently as possible. These skills are needed by students to use the curriculum as independently as possible.

Match the skills in the expanded core curriculum required by students who are blind or have low vision (in the left column) with their examples (in the right column).

compensatory skills matches Choice, These skills include concept development, spatial understanding, study and organizational skills, and communication skills. These skills include concept development, spatial understanding, study and organizational skills, and communication skills. access skills matches Choice, These skills include use of braille, large print materials, optical devices, tactile symbols, and recorded materials. These skills include use of braille, large print materials, optical devices, tactile symbols, and recorded materials.

Which of the following is the most common refractive error found in children?

hyperopia

In the context of language and concept development, students with blindness and low vision do not ______.

display any crucial differences in language development when compared with sighted children

The ______ for students with blindness or low vision includes compensatory or access skill, career education, independent living skills, and orientation and mobility skills and concepts.

expanded core curriculum

Which of the following indicates vision problems in school-aged children?

frequent eye rubbing

The primary advantage of assistive technology is that it allows students with vision problems to access the learning materials in a manner that suits their ______.

functional vision ability and skills