Human Growth and Development Chapter 10 Review

Jack is seven years old. He did not eat his lunch at school. He knows that his mother would be angry if she does not know the reason why he did not eat his lunch. However, Jack believes that his mother would understand if he explained to her that the food was stale. According to Selman, this scenario illustrates level _____ of perspective-taking skills in childhood

1

Which of the following statements is true of self-esteem of children in middle childhood

By middle childhood, children can compare themselves with other children and arrive at a more honest and critical self-appraisal.

Which of the following is true of parent-child relationships in middle childhood?

Children spend more time with their mothers than with their fathers.

Which of the following is true of middle childhood

Parent-child interactions focus on assignment of chores and peer activities.

Which of the following statements is true of peer relationships?

Peers afford practice in cooperating, relating to leaders, and coping with aggressive impulses.

Which of the following deals with the development of children's understanding of the relationship between the self and others?

Social cognition

Which of the following theories focuses on the importance of rewards and modeling in middle childhood?

Social cognitive theory

According to Piaget, middle childhood is partly characterized by

a decline in egocentrism

A difference between children in middle childhood and children in their preschool years is that

children and parents spend less time together in middle childhood than in the preschool years

Children with _____ exhibit behaviors such as lying, stealing, fire setting, truancy, cruelty to animals, and fighting.

conduct disorders

Jacob is in middle school. He tells his friends that he is worried that he would fail biology because the biology project reviewer deliberately asked him tough questions that he could not answer. This scenario illustrates Jacob's _____.

external attribution style

A similarity between schools and parents is that both

make demands for mature behavior

A child with _____ may voice concerns about death and dying and insist that someone stay with him or her at bedtime.

separation anxiety disorder

Sarah is a middle school teacher. She believes that Aaron, a fifth grader, is a bright student even though his performance so far has been average. Sarah pays more attention to Aaron, mentors him, and helps him with his lab experiments. As a result, Aaron gets better grades during the current school year. This scenario is an example of

the Pygmalion effect

Which of the following statements is true of teachers' influences on student performance?

​Achievement is enhanced when teachers expect students to master the curriculum

Which of the following refers to the gradual transfer of control from parent to child during middle childhood?

​Coregulation

According to Robert Selman, which of the following stages in children's concepts of friendship focuses on the relationship rather than on individuals separately?

​Intimate and mutual sharing

_____ is an irrational, excessive fear that interferes with one's functioning.

​Phobia

Jenna is six years old. She is hesitant to go to school every morning. She often experiences stomachaches and vomiting. She pleads with her mother not to send her to school. This scenario illustrates that Jenna is suffering from _____.

​generalized anxiety disorder

Children with conduct disorders

​tend to blame other people for their scrapes