Human Growth and Development Final

During which period of development is the unborn baby MOST at risk of developing a structural defect due to the effects of a teratogen?

During the embryonic period

Which of the following statements about the relationship between semantic memory and aging is true?

Episodic memory declines more than semantic memory in older adults.

Which of the following is Erikson's fifth developmental stage?

Identity versus identity confusion

_____ is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease.

Mild cognitive impairment

Which of the following statement about the care of a dying older person the U.S. today is true?

The care of a dying older person has shifted away from the family.

There has been _____ in the number of cohabiting U.S. couples since 1970.

a dramatic increase

When women experience stress, they are more likely to engage in:

a tend and befriend pattern.

Which of the following is Kübler-Ross' fifth stage of dying?

acceptance

Alzheimer disease involves a deficiency in an important brain messenger chemical _____.

acetylcholine

Schemes are:

actions or mental representations that organize knowledge.

Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults, is known as _____.

ageism

A parent who encourages his/her children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions is a(n):

authoritative parent.

Nowadays, the main causes of death in middle adulthood in the United States are:

chronic diseases

Prolonged grief disorder is also known as _____.

complicated grief

Erikson proposed that middle-aged adults face a significant issue which he termed _____.

generativity versus stagnation

_____ is the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love.

grief

If the cortical death definition were adopted, then physicians could claim a person is dead when his or her _____ is no longer functioning.

higher brain

For Erikson, delinquency is an attempt to establish _____, even if it is a negative one.

identity

Remembering how to ride a bike without having to consciously think about it is a part of an individual's _____ memory.

implicit

Adeline, age 90, still drives her car to the senior center every Friday. Last week she tells you that someone you know from her church died. When you ask her for the person's name, she says, "I can't remember her name. She sits near the front and always has a hat on". Clearly Adeline has better _____ memory than _____ memory.

implicit; explicit

Sometimes euthanasia is called:

mercy killing

_____ involves knowing about knowing.

metacognition

Today, death occurs most often among:

older adults

_____ involves an extensive loss of bone tissue.

osteoporosis

Turning off a respirator or a heart-lung machine is an example of _____ euthanasia.

passive

According to Erikson, _____ are keys to establishing a basic trust in infants.

physical comfort and sensitive care

An intermittent, recurrent wish or need to recover the deceased person is known as_____.

pining

The stress of caring for a spouse who has a chronic disease can:

place demands on intimacy.

Deaths that are sudden, violent, or traumatic are likely to:

produce more intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness.

Puberty refers to a period of:

rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs primarily during early adolescence.

One study revealed that an important factor among older adults who showed a higher level of emotion regulation and successful aging was:

reduced responsiveness to regrets.

Exercise is linked to the prevention or delayed onset of chronic diseases, such as _____.

type 2 diabetes

An advanced directive/living will must be signed when:

when an individual is able to think clearly.

_____ is expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits practical judgment about important matters.

wisdom

Adult daughters are _____ times more likely than are adult sons to give parents assistance with daily living activities.

3

As many as _____ of older adults with depressive symptoms receive no treatment at all.

80%

_____ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood.

Arthritis

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the first stage of dying?

Denial and isolation

Which of the following is Kübler-Ross' fourth stage of dying?

Depression

_____ is a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible.

Hospice

Which of the following is an example of active euthanasia?

Injecting a lethal dose of a drug

Which of the following is Erikson's eighth stage of development?

Integrity vs. despair

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is the sixth developmental stage?

Intimacy versus isolation

Which of the following statements about the empty nest syndrome is true?

It involves a decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home.

_____ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning.

Living Will

The healthcare needs of older adults are reflected in _____, the program that provides health-care insurance to adults over 65 under the Social Security system.

Medicare

Which of the following statements about a living will is FALSE?

Only the terminally ill can write one.

Active euthanasia is legal in the state of:

Oregon

Severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with:

Parkinson's disease

Brain death occurs when:

all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.

Researchers have found that poverty in late adulthood is linked to:

an increase in physical and mental health problems in older adults.

In assessing the health of newborns, the _____ identifies high-risk infants who need resuscitation.

apgar scale

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs):

are contracted primarily through sexual contact.

Children with high self-esteem typically:

are prone to both prosocial and antisocial actions.

Shaken baby syndrome may cause several symptoms including:

brain swelling and hemorrhaging.

In Piaget's theory, failing the conservation-of-liquid task demonstrates:

centration

Alzheimer disease is a form of:

dementia

After accepting the certainty of death, a period of _____ or preparatory grief may appear.

depression

Anorexia nervosa is a(n):

eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

Erik Erikson's fourth stage of development, appearing during middle and late childhood, is called:

industry versus inferiority.

According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is:

initiative versus guilt.

Bulimia nervosa typically begins in:

late adolescence or early adulthood.

_____ is also called self-worth or self-image.

self-esteem

A person's knowledge about the world is called _____ memory.

semantic

Zone of proximal development (ZPD) is Vygotsky's term for:

the range of tasks difficult for a child to master alone but that can be learned with help from adults.