Human Growth & Development Final exam

Which of the following is a difference between formal operational thought and postformal thought?

Realistic thinking

Which of the following statements is TRUE about creativity?

Researchers have found that creativity does peak in adulthood and then declines.

Which of the following statements about the characteristics of a clique is NOT true?

The average number of people in a clique is 8 to 10

The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as emerging adulthood, which occurs from approximately ________ years of age.

18 to 25

Which of the following statements about the living arrangements of older adults is true?

The older people become, the greater are their odds for living alone

Which of the following statements about the trends in juvenile delinquency in the U.S. is NOT true?

About half of the delinquency caseloads in 2005 involved females

Which of the following is true of the possible selves of older adults?

Acceptance of past selves increases

When does self-esteem decline in females?

Adolescence

Which of the following statements about cohabitation is true?

Couples who wait until they are engaged to cohabitate have a better chance of a successful marriage than couples who cohabitate before becoming engaged

A "good death" involves all of the following EXCEPT:

religious or community death rites.

There are four main needs for a meaningful life. Which of the following is NOT a main need?

. Self-discipline

. What are the Kubler-Ross' stages of dying?

. denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

stimates indicate that as many as ________ percent of individuals 65 years of age and older have mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

10 to 20

Late bloomers comprise approximately 10 percent of ________ who say that they have had no experience with romantic relationships.

17- to 19-year-olds

________ adults describe themselves as securely attached.

A majority of

Which of the following most resembles the grieving process?

A roller coaster ride of emotions

Which of the following statements is true about obesity?

Americans are usually more obese than Europeans.

Which of the following is the region of the brain that is the seat of emotion?

Amygdala

Which of the following statements about novices and experts is TRUE?

Experts process information more automatically than novices

Kathy is currently stable in her career, has a good marriage, and is even looking for ways on how she can contribute to the younger generation. According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which stage is she most likely in right now?

Generativity vs. Stagnation

An adult in middle age will be most likely to do POORLY on which of the following tasks?

Hitting the brakes of a car when the light suddenly turns red

Which of the following has been linked to lower cognitive performance, not only in older adults but also in young and middle-aged adults?

Hypertension

Which of the following is Erikson's eighth stage of development?

Integrity vs. despair

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages occurs during early adulthood, after individuals are well on their way to establishing stable and successful identities?

Intimacy versus isolation

Which of the following is true of rape?

Legal definitions of rape usually differ from state to state.

________ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live.

Life expectancy

Cathy and Miguel have been dating for six months. Which of the following is likely to be LEAST important in their relationship considering that both are in early adulthood?

Loyalty

Which of the following is called the "common cold" of mental disorders?

Major depression

Which of the following has been found to be associated with prolonged, intense parent-adolescent conflict?

Movement out of the home

Active euthanasia is legal in:

Netherlands, Belgium, Uruguay

Which of the following is TRUE of decision-making and aging?

Older adults are far more inconsistent with their choices as compared to younger adults.

Kelly has just given birth to her first baby at age 37; her best friend, Olivia, age 26, just gave birth to her first child. Which of the following is likely to be TRUE for these new mothers?

Olivia will have fewer medical problems with pregnancy and childbirth.

Based on data from 2011, which of the following individuals was most likely to get pregnant as a teen?

Olivia, a Latino

What are the Big Five factors of personality, according to Costa and McCrae's Baltimore study?

Openness, Conscientiousness, Exraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with:

Parkinson disease

_____ is triggered by degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.

Parkinson disease

Which of the following BEST explains why middle adulthood comes later and lasts longer now than in the early 1900s?

People today have healthier lifestyles than people in the early 1900s.

What are the two major forms of love?

Romantic and affectionate

Which of the following statements is true of smell and taste in the elderly?

Smell and taste decline less in healthy older adults than in their less healthy counterparts.

Which of the following is a problem that can plague cross-gender friendships?

Unclear sexual boundaries

Which of the following strategies would be most helpful in improving memory in middle age?

Use an organization strategy to categorize information to be remembered.

Which of the following statements is true about working while in college?

Working more hours results in a decline in grades.

Almost half of the grandchildren who move in with grandparents are raised by:

a single grandmother

Kübler-Ross describes the ________ stage as the end of the dying struggle.

acceptance

Vaillant's research showed that at age 50, the best predictors of who would be dead at 75 to 80 years of age were:

alcohol abuse and smoking.

Crystallized intelligence is:

an individual's accumulated information and verbal skills.

According to David Elkind, personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescent:

egocentrism

Adolescent ________ is the heightened self-consciousness of adolescents.

egocentrism

Gina is doing what she can to help her older aunt take care of herself and stay in her own home. Gina often takes meals to her aunt and helps her clean, go shopping, and make visits to the doctor. Gina is providing ________ for her aunt.

eldercare

Jasper's grandparents show a strong interest in all their grandchildren but are careful not to give child-rearing advice. They are using the ________ style of grandparenting.

formal

According to Jean Piaget, around age 11, the fourth stage of cognitive development, the _____ stage, begins.

formal operational

The abstract quality of thinking during the ________ stage is evident in the adolescent's verbal problem-solving ability.

formal operational

Identity development:

gets done in bits and pieces.

A study of tenth-graders revealed that:

having more romantic experience was linked to a higher level of substance use and delinquency

Currently in the United States, 90 percent of hospice care is provided:

in the patients' homes

According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, the emotion trajectory is high during:

infancy and early childhood.

If a community wants to develop programs to help at-risk youths, an important component to include in the program would be:

intensive individualized attention

Both divorced women and divorced men complain of all of the following EXCEPT:

lowered sexual gratification

Although there are differences in the quality of care in nursing homes and other extended-care facilities in the United States, more than ________ are considered to be seriously deficient.

one-third

Selena walks with a marked stoop now that she is old. This is most likely due to ________.

osteoporosis

Which of the following is NOT a problem most adolescents face?

paying bills

As part of adolescent egocentrism, making statements like, "I know I can handle the car at high speeds much better than others can", says 18-year-old Jake, reflects the tendency of adolescents to engage in:

personal fable

The ________ is the part of adolescent egocentrism involving a sense of uniqueness and invincibility.

personal fable

As part of adolescent egocentrism, making statements like, "I know I can handle the car at high speeds much better than other can", says 18-year-old Jake, reflects the tendency of adolescents to engage in:

personal table

Delilah lost her husband Hendricks in a highway accident. Being just three years into marriage, she was devastated. Four months later, she was hassled by problems such as intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, nightmares, sleep disturbance, and problems in concentrating. Delilah is probably experiencing ________.

post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms

Eighty-year-old Lucia has difficulty remembering to call her son every Sunday at noon. This is most likely due to a decline in her:

prospective memory.

For older adults, social support is linked to a(n):

reduction in symptoms of disease.

Richard believes he is gay. This orientation is part of Richard's ________ identity.

sexual

Donna is concerned about her adolescent daughter's tendency to flare up at the mildest provocations. Donna says that her daughter refuses to see reason sometimes and seems unable to exercise much self-control. As a specialist in the development of adolescents, you would tell Donna that her daughter's behavior could partly be explained by the biological reason that:

the amygdala—the seat of emotions such as anger—matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex in adolescents

William wants to know how he can keep his young son out of trouble. Typically, he should do all of the following EXCEPT:

use harsh discipline

Regular ________ has been shown to decrease the onset of physical disability in older adults.

walking

When men use fight-or-flight manner to respond to stress, they are most likely to:

withdraw from social contact

The slowdown in learning new information has been linked to changes in ________, where individuals manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.

working memory