Human Growth and Development
A nurse is reviewing the medical records of several children who come to the health center for care. When applying Piaget's theory, which child would the nurse anticipate as being able to think abstractly and use deductive reasoning?
13-year-old
Blood pressure monitoring becomes part of the routine health assessment at what age?
3 years
This theory deals with perception and thinking.
Cognitive theory
What is considered to be a time when specific environmental or biologic events must occur for development to proceed normally?
Critical period
The nurse working with pediatric clients knows the importance of checking for developmental delays, which not only slow the child's progress but also are often associated with what?
Development of poor self-esteem
A nurse is observing interactions between a new mother and her newborn. The nurse observes the mother not responding to her newborn's cries. Which of the following growth and development theories does the nurse understand this observation addresses?
Erik Erikson's Trust vs Mistrust stage
Which developmental theorist created the psychosocial theory of development?
Erikson
In which developmental stage are genetic malformations most likely to occur?
First trimester
What are the two factors that drive growth and development?
Genetics and environment
The nurse is seeing 6-year-old Patrick in the clinic. As the nurse is measuring height and weight for Patrick, his mother comments on how much he has grown since his last checkup. The nurse knows that this increase in size is which of the following?
Growth
A second trend occurring with growth and development of the infant states that development is proximodistal. This means:
Growth progresses from gross motor movements to fine motor movements.
Which would be an expected reaction from a 5 year old when his 3-month-old infant sibling dies from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
Guilt he may have caused the death
A 5-year-old determines that his parents enforce discipline based upon his behavior. According to Piaget, what does this period represent?
Heteronymous moral reasoning
The school nurse is teaching growth and development in a health class. What should the nurse teach the students about development?
It is the process of ongoing change
Which of the following topics for the client education of a pregnant woman should the nurse prioritize in an effort to promote healthy fetal development?
Nutrition
A 9-month-old baby is scheduled for heart surgery. When preparing this client for surgery, the nurse should consider which surgical risk associated with infants?
Potential for hypothermia or hyperthermia
A mother, 13 years of age, delivers a low-birth-weight neonate. The neonate is transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit. The mother reports receiving occasional prenatal care and has a history of excessive alcohol consumption. The growth and development of this neonate has been influenced by which of the following?
Prenatal factors
The nurse is seeing a male client 6 years of age in the clinic. As the nurse is measuring height and weight for the client, his mother comments on how coordinated he is becoming. The nurse knows that this increase in coordination is which of the following?
Related to development
Newborns are capable of activities such as grasping objects and displaying basic reflexes. To which of the following of Piaget's cognitive developmental stages do the newborns belong?
Sensorimotor
According to Freud, which of the following influences is the primary force that drives an individual's development?
Sexuality
As the nurse is preparing an immunization for a male client 2 years of age, his mother discovers that he has soiled his underpants. She scolds him and calls him a "bad boy" because he "dirtied" his underwear. The nurse gives the immunization and provides some education to the mother about appropriate expectations for this age group. The nurse knows that according to Erikson's theory for this client's age group, he is at risk to develop which of the following?
Shame and doubt
Heteronymous moral reasoning
The child from 4 to 7 years old uses heteronymous moral reasoning. This concept is one in which those outside the person determine rules and justice.
The nurse is performing a safety belt fit test for a young client at a well-child check-up. What criteria confirms that the child may sit in the back seat of a vehicle with a lap and shoulder belt in place?
The child's feet touch the floor of the car when belted in with the lap and shoulder belt.
The nurse is assessing a preschooler who has just turned 6 years of age. The nurse expects which of the following as typical development for a child in this developmental phase.
The head is close to adult size by age 6 years.
During a well-child visit, the nurse observes a 3-year-old girl who climbs up into her father's lap and says, "I am going to marry you when I grow up, Daddy." What determination does the nurse make about this observation?
This child is experiencing the Electra complex which is normal at this age.
The nurse is providing prenatal education to a group of pregnant teenagers. One of the group members asks about the advantages of breastfeeding. An accurate statement from you about breastfeeding would be which of the following?
Transient immunity is provided by breast milk.
According to Havighurst, learning behaviors are based upon developmental tasks. In assessing an adult patient, the nurse is aware that a common developmental task of middle adulthood includes:
assisting children to become responsible adults.
The nurse is teaching a class to pregnant adolescents and young adults. What does the nurse explain is the most important reason for breastfeeding instead of bottle feeding?
breastfeeding provides protection against infections
The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child. The nurse notes the child is able to understand that objects hidden from sight still exist. The nurse correctly documents the child is displaying:
object permanence.
Level 1—selfishness
the focus is on one's own needs