Human Memory Chapter 1
Learning
Any change in the potential of people to alter their behavior as a consequence of experience
Long-term memory
Encompasses a wide variety of different types of long-term knowledge and different ways of using that knowledge
Schemas
General world knowledge structures about commonly experienced aspects of life
Semantic memories
Generalized and encyclopedic and not tied to a certain time or place; noetic
Embodied cognition
Mental activity doesn't occur in a vacuum but is grounded in the type of worlds our bodies inhabits
Negatively accelerated function
Most of the action occurs early on
Savings
The difference between the amount of effort required on a subsequent and prior learning
Learning curce
There is a period of time needed for information to be memorized
Memory
the location where information is kept, the thing that holds the contents of experience, and the mental process used to acquire, store, or retrieve information of all sorts
Engram
the neutral representation of a memory trace
Sensory registers
A collection of memory stores and each of the stores corresponds to a different sensory modality
Nonsense syllable
A consonant-vowel-consonant trigram that has no clear meaning in the language
Overlearning
A person continues to study information after perfect recall has been achieved
Control processes
Actively manipulates information in the short-term
Memory processes
Acts of using information in specific ways to make it available later or to bring back that information into the current stream of processing
Fuzzy trace theories
At least 2 memory traces involved in any act of remembering
Nondeclarative memory
Information in the long term that is difficult to articulate but still has profound influences in our lives
Forgetting curve
Loss of old information rather than the acquisition of new information
Declarative memory
Memories that are easy for a person to articulate and talk about
Paired associate
Memorizing pairs of items
Short-term memory
Retains information for less than a minute if nothing is actively done with it
Episodic memories
Specific episodes or events in our lives; autonoetic
Explicit memory
When a person is actively and consciously trying to remember something
Implicit memory
When a person is unaware that memory is being used