Human Nutrition Final

A toddler is a child between the ages of ________.

1-3

It is best to avoid serving cow's milk until the infant reaches the age of ________.

12 Months

Which of the following statements is true?

A centenarian is a person who has lived for 100 years or more

Which of the following statements is true?

A food's odor or appearance is not a reliable indicator of whether it is safe to eat.

Except for pregnancy and lactation, the total quantities of nutrients and calories needed during ________ are greater than any other stage of the life cycle.

Adolescence

Which of the following food preservation methods involves sterilizing a food and its package separately?

Aseptic processing

This is a nutrient of importance, but the RDA does not go up, as the body increases the absorption of this nutrient.

Calcium

What is the recommended treatment for childhood obesity?

Decrease intake of high-fat, high-energy foods. Increase physical activity. Modify problem behaviors, such as snacking while watching TV. All of these choices are correct.

This virus takes the longest incubation time for onset of symptoms.

Hepatitis A virus

Which of the following pesticides kills weeds?

Herbicide

The following substances were detected in a can of food. Which of the substances is an unintentional food additive?

High-fructose corn syrup

Which of the following statements about infertility is FALSE?

In about 37 percent of couples, infertility is attributable to female factors.

Which of the following statements is true?

In the United States, life expectancy is about 79 years.

The first solid food usually introduced to the infant's diet is ________.

Iron-fortified cereals

WIC aims to ________.

Reduce incidence of low birth weight Reduce incidence of fetal death Improve growth and intellectual development All of these choices are accurate

The hormone oxytocin ________.

Regulates uterine contractions during pregnancy and breast-feeding

Bernard is 83 years of age. His ________ is likely to have a negative influence on his nutritional status.

Social isolation

In the United States, the diets of many toddler and preschool-age children supply too much ________.

Sodium

Which of the following nutrients can cause birth defects in the fetus when taken in large amounts during the first trimester?

Vitamin A

Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

Vitamin B12

Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults, especially elderly women?

Vitamin D

On average, a full-term infant at birth ________.

Weighs 7 to 8 pounds and is about 20 inches long

What is the EAR for energy in older adult females?

1600 g/day

Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ________ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly.

20

What is the EAR for energy in older adult males?

2000 g/day?

Lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

2250 Kcal

Which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

Calcium

Which of the following foods would be most appropriate to include in an emergency food supply?

Canned tuna

Which of the following is not a typical sign or symptom of food-borne illness?

Chest pain

Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain ________.

Clostridium botulinum spores

Growth plates at the end of long bones are called ________.

Epiphyses

When serving a food for the first time to an infant, ________.

The food should be a single-ingredient (not mixed) food item Wait several days before serving another new food Expect the baby to eat only a few bites All of these responses are correct

________ is a foodborne roundworm that cause parasitic infections from infected pork.

Trichinella spiralis

The point at which a woman's egg is fertilized by a sperm and pregnancy begins is known as _______.

Conception

The signs and symptoms of most food-borne illnesses generally occur in the ________ system.

Digestive tract

During which trimester is the most critical time for development?

First

Which of the following pesticides controls the spread of molds that damage crops?

Fungicide

The medical specialty that focuses on the healthcare needs of older adults is called _______.

Geriatrics

Which form of arthritis involves the build up of uric acid crystals?

Gout

________ is a physiological change associated with aging.

Hardening of arteries

The bacteria most commonly associated with unpasteurized milk and cheeses

Listeria monocytogenes

A major nutrition-related concern of adolescent females is ________ intake.

Low Iron

During her 6th month of pregnancy, Miranda was diagnosed with preeclampsia. As a result of this condition, Miranda has a higher risk of giving birth to a ________ infant than a pregnant woman who does not experience hypertension.

Low birth-weight

Shakena is a 7-year-old girl whose BMI-for-age is in the 86th percentile. According to this information, Shakena's weight is ________.

Overweight

Adolescence is considered what?

Period of time that begins at puberty and ends at adulthood

Human milk naturally contains fewer ________ per ounce than formula.

Protein

After Ariel gave birth to a healthy baby boy, the physician immediately placed the baby next to Ariel's breast so the infant could begin breastfeeding. This practice ________.

Stimulates Ariel's uterus to contract, reducing her risk to bleed excessively

Margaret is 87 years of age. Compared to when she was 27 years of age, her ________ now.

Stomach secretes less intrinsic factor

During the second trimester, a pregnant woman needs an average of an additional ________ kcal per day.

340

A maternal practice that can be harmful to the fetus is ________.

All of these choices are accurate

This chemical is used in food packaging but their are concerns that it can have an effect on the brains and behavior of children, infants.

BPA

Forty-year old-Mateo has a family history of Alzheimer's disease. What recommendations do you have for Mateo to reduce his risk for Alzheimer's disease?

Engage in regular physical activity Continue learning and reading Consume foods that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids All of these choices are correct

To keep gestational diabetes under control, recommendations for pregnant women include ________.

Exercise

When planning for a pregnancy, which of the following lifestyle choices can increase the chances of a healthy pregnancy?

Exercising regularly Consuming a nutritionally adequate diet Having a healthy body composition All of these choices are correct

________ is a direct (intentional) food additive.

FD&C Red No. 40

________ is a common nutrition-related sign of pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women.

Morning sickness

Which of the following animals is an example of a vermin?

Mouse

Pregnant women are advised to drink ________.

No alcohol Limit Coffee Extra Water

According to scientific research involving animals, ________ may extend one's life.

Restricting energy intake

Which cereal is least likely to cause allergies in infants?

Rice

Which of the following factors has a positive effect on a school-age child's diet?

Seeing their parent's eating a nutritious, balanced diet

Which of the following statements is true regarding school-age children and breakfast?

Those that ate a complete breakfast showed improved comprehension Those that ate a complete breakfast showed improved concentration and alertness Those that ate a complete breakfast showed improved memory and learning All these are associated with eating a complete breakfast