Human Sexuality: Making Informed Decisions Exam 1

vas deferens (ductus deferens)

14-16 inch long ducts transport the sperm from the epididymis to the prostate gland vasectomy: cutting and tying off each vas deferens

episiotomy

a surgical cut in the muscular area between the vagina and the anus made just before delivery to enlarge your vaginal opening in the perineum no longer a routine part of childbirth, though it once was

epididymal cyst

a testicular condition fluid-filled sac that grows at the top end of a testicle benign

Phimosis

a tightness of the prepuce on the male penis that prevents its retraction over the glans of the penis

levator ani

act as supporting structures in urinary control major muscle that provides support to the urethra, rectum, and vagina in a hammock shape in women loses strength after birthing/delivery

Grafenberg ("G") Spot

alleged highly sensitive area on the front wall of the vagina 1 to 2 inches into the vaginal canal that swells during stimulation resulting in high arousal and orgasm there is disagreement on whether this sensitive area actually exists reported finding of a German gynecologist

AFP test

alpha-fetaprotein test (made in the liver of an unborn baby) checks the levels of alpha-fetoprotein in women's blood can be checked to see if unborn baby has problems

perineum

area of skin between the opening of the vagina and anus

vestibule

area of smooth tissue between the labia minora; includes the urethral and vaginal openings

BPH

benign prostatic hyperplasia normal enlargement of the prostate as he ages, may require treatment symptoms include problems with urination

corpora cavernosa

bound in fibrous sheath cura in the bodies connects the penis to the pubic bone expansion from pressure against its fibrous membrane causes the penis to become erect

vestibular bulbs

bulbs of the clitoris two organs about the size of a pea pod that lie on either side of the vaginal wall under the inner lips erectile tissue that lie close to the crura of the clitoris

Freud

came up with the term libido oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stages of pleasure sexuality is related to early childhood experiences

cremasteric muscles

causes the reflex that cause the scrotum and testicle to rise when the inner thigh is stroked

prostate gland

chestnut-sized structure located below the bladder and in front of the rectum produces much of the seminal fluid involved in an ejaculation; secretes prostaglandins

Kertbeny

coined the word "homosexual" conducted research on homosexuality because of a concern for the rights of man, as well as social justice because his friend killed himself b/c he was homosexual

vasectomy

cutting and tying off of each vas deferens a type of male sterilization

erection

during sexual arousal, arteries dilate and blood enters the vessels faster than it can leave, and is diverted to spongy tissue; cavities of cavernous/spongy bodies fill with blood, applying pressure on the fibrous membranes of the cavernous bodies, causing expansion of the corpus cavernosa cannot be caused from contracting the penis, because the penis cannot be contracted

vulva

external female genitalia

ovaries

female gonads (compare to male testes), attached by ligaments on both sides of the uterus that produce ova; produce estrogen and progesterone have about 2 million immature ova (only 400-500 will be released)

fimbriae

fingerlike projections on the infundibulum that are thought to aid in picking up eggs from the abdominal cavity

FSH

follicle stimulating hormone one of two hormones that regulates sperm production

bulbocavernosis (BC) muscles

found in both men and women but larger in men part of the levator ani muscle group

sildenafil

generic name of Viagra inhibits metabolizing enzyme PDE5 cGMP travels through hydrolysis slower allowing smooth muscle to relax

Skene's glands

glands just inside the urethral opening that drain into the urethra and near the urethral opening speculated that these are the source of female ejaculate enlarged and tender when infected

endometriosis

growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus (in the Fallopian tubes or abdominal cavity) that may cause pain tissues deteriorates during menstruation, and can be painful if the tissue can't be expelled

Robert Dickinson

gynecologist who wrote "a thousand marriages" thought women should use vibrators to facilitate an orgasm during sex found a correlation between repressed sexuality in childhood and sexual problems in adulthood

graafian follicle

a mature liquid filled cavity in an ovary that ruptures during ovulation to release an egg part of the menstrual cycle

ejaculatory duct

join the initial portion of the urethra from the bladder to form a single common passageway for urine and semen part of the spermatic duct system

seminiferous epithelium

lines the seminiferous tubules consists of both sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells that are important for spermogenesis (sperm production)

Sertoli cells

one of two types of cells lining the seminiferous tubules have a supportive and nutrient function if seminiferous tubules have only these cells, not enough sperm can be produced to fertilize a female egg

os

opening of the cervix/opening to the uterus semen and menstrual flow both pass through the os dilates to 4 in. when in labor

female circumcision

otherwise known as FGC (female genital cutting); cutting off the clitoris or excising the labia minora

epididymis

part of the spermatic duct system, connects the testicles with the vas deferens C -shaped with a length of 100 meters

Kinsey

pioneer of human sexuality research "sexual behavior in the human male" as well as "sexual behavior in the human female" replaced speculation with data and facts was told his marriage course was too explicit, so he quit and focused solely on sex research

Money and Ehrhardt

hermaphrodite study followed kids until 12 whether to be male or female is a completely learned behavior Wrote "Man and Woman: boy and girl"

oocyte

immature ova/egg cell matures during the menstrual cycle

glans

small rounded body of tissue not he head of the penis that can swell and harden has numerous nerve endings like the clitoris

Dartos muscle

smooth muscle found in the scrotum, wrinkles the scrotal skin allows for temp regulation in men

spermatic cord

suspends the two male testicles in the scrotum the suspension does not have to be equal on both sides

Leydig's cells

testosterone is produced in these cells located between the seminiferous tubules in the testes

labia majora/labia minora

the "major lips" and "little lips" respectively; Labia majora extends from the mons veneris to the perineum and are covered with hair; labia minora enfold the urethra and vaginal openings, join at the top to form the hood of the clitoris

fundus

the broad rounded part of the uterus

genitalia

the external reproductive organs of a man or woman

prepuce

the foreskin at the border between the glans and body of the penis skin of the penis that is extremely loose to enable expansion during erection, folds over most of the glans cut off during circumcision

vagina

the muscular tube 3 to 5 inches long that extends from the vulva to the cervix of the uterus functions as a pathway for menstrual flow as well as the birth canal and the organ for sexual activity can expand by 2 inches self-cleansing

cervix

the narrower portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina feels like a small slippery bump at the top of the vagina

dyspareunia

the recurrent or persistent genital pain associated with intercourse or attempts at sexual intercourse

scrotum

the sac located below the penis that contains the testicles glands in the skin produce sweat that help regulate the temperatures of the testicles

libido

the sex drive

mons veneris

the soft cushion of fatty tissue that lies over the joint between the left and right pubic bones Latin for "mound of Venus"; protects the pubic region during intercourse

circumcision

the surgical procedure in which the foreskin of the penis is pulled forward and cut off about 80% of male infants in the US are circumcised in the hospital before discharge religious/cultural rite for members of the jewish/Muslim faiths

human sexuality

the term that implies sexual anatomy, referring to external genitalia, secondary sex characteristics, and internal reproductive organs of women and men

frenulum

the thin strip of skin on the underside of the head of the penis connects the glans with the shaft very sensitive to touch like the corona

corpus spongiosum

the urethra passes through this body of tissue can be felt on the underside of the penis when the penis is erect during arousal, blood flows into this tissue, then pressing against the membranes of the cavernous bodies and causing a penile erection

introitus

the vaginal opening found in the vestibule

hymen

thin mucous membrane that may partially cover the vaginal opening typically regarded as proof of virginity, however it is a poor indicator because some women are born without hymen's, or may rupture it by physical activity or tampons

Havelock Ellis

thought sexual behavior was learned social behavior "deviant" sexual behavior was only what society labeled as "abnormal"

fallopian tubes

tubes that extend about 4 inches laterally from either side of the uterus to the ovaries (do not make direct contact with the ovaries) transport the ovum from an ovary to the uterus fertilization normally occurs in the uterus

vas efferens

tubules that drain sperm from testes connects seminiferous tubules and epididymis

testicular torsion

twisting of the spermatic cord cuts off the blood supply to the testis surgical correction can save the testis

seminal vesicles

two small sacs about 2 inches in length behind the bladder; secrete fluids that mix with sperm and fluids from the prostate gland high-concentrated fructose secreted that provides sperm with a source of energy to help with sperm's motility

Cowper's glands

two structures attached to the urethra in the penis, secrete a clear sticky fluid (not rich in sperm) during sexual arousal sperm is still present, just not highly concentrated in the fluid

clitoridectomy

type female genital mutilation, cutting off of the clitoris

sexology

unique discipline that identifies important questions related to sexuality issues and finds and integrates answers from biology, psychology, and sociology based on scientific methods of investigation

ectopic pregnancy

when a fertilized egg becomes implanted in a site other than the uterus; most commonly occurs in the fallopian tubes must be surgically removed

uterus

womb; a hollow, muscular organ in which a fertilized egg may implant and develop in women who have not given birth: about 3 in. long and wide no other organ expands as much as this organ does during pregnancy generally perpendicular to the vagina

Hippocrates

wrote "Hippocrates' Aphorisms" to explain what was going on with sex when people were having problems father of medicine, used medical practice to solve medical problems

Van de Velde

wrote "Ideal Marriage: Its Physiology and Technique" restricted sex to marriage but wrote about sexual response patterns for both genders

John Calvin on marriage

wrote "Institutes of the Christian Religion" "divine institute" woman is like the "self" of the man man should leave father instead of leaving wife

Helena Wright

wrote "the sex factor in marriage" thought women needed to learn to orgasm, and that it wouldn't happen first intercourse experience women should learn through masturbating, and also have their husband do it for them

Priapism

prolonged non-sexually stimulated erection (pathological) very painful

Krafft-Ebing

psychiatrist and sexologist who studied abnormal or pathological sexuality "Psychopathia sexualis" contains over 200 case studies (explained that parents put hot iron on girl's clitoris to treat masturbation)

Masters and Johnson

published the nationwide best seller "Human Sexual Response" in 1996; conducted direct laboratory observation through one-way mirrors of 694 individuals engaging in sexual behavior; their work made lab analysis of sexual response to be regarded as legitimate scientific inquiry

corona

raised rim on the glans of the penis that is especially sensitive to touch

vaginismus

recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with vaginal penetration

infibulation

removal of the major and minor labia, and suturing of the vulva

clitoris

sensory organ located at the top of the labia minor of the female genitalia has 8,000 nerve fibers (twice the number of the penis) fills with blood during sexual arousal

SCO syndrome

sertoli cell only syndrome when the male has insufficient sperm to fertilize a female's egg seminiferous tubules are only lined with sertoli cells

seminiferous tubules

several hundred located in the testes part of the spermatic duct system, come together to form a tube in each testicle called the epididymis

Spermatic Duct System

1. Epididymis: sperm travel through this structure as they mature, connects to the vas deferens 2. Vas deferens: take sperm from the epididymis to the prostate 3. Prostatic portion: (urethra) passes through the prostate gland, receives the ejaculatory duct 4. Membranous portion: (urethra) small portion that passes through the pelvic floor 5. Penile portion: (urethra) extends through penis and opens to the outside of the external urethral orifice, receives the bulbourethral glands

NHSLS

National Health and Social Life Survey large survey of sexual behavior best sex survey of the general population of the US

Bartholin's glands

located at the base of the labia minora, secretes mucous when stimulation is prolonged but not enough for vaginal lubrication; the main function of these glands is unknown

LH

luteinizing hormone one of two hormones that regulates sperm production stimulates the production of testosterone in the Leydig's cells

PSA test

measures levels of prostate specific antigen in the blood to check for prostate cancer frequent false positives