humanities unit 3 study guide
Wright, Fallingwater (Modern)
style: architecture---artist: Wright---facts: (1) Perched above a mountain cataract on a rocky hillside deep in the rugged forest of Southwestern Pennsylvania, some 90 minutes from Pittsburgh, is America's most famous house. The commission for Fallingwater was a personal milestone for the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, since it clearly marked a turning point in his career. (2) Wright further emphasizes the connection with nature by liberal use of glass; the house has no walls facing the falls, only a central stone core for the fireplaces and stone columns. This provides elongated vistas leading the eye out to the horizon and the woods. (3) However, due to the lack of proper support, cracks began appearing in the balcony floors soon after they were poured. Over the years since, cracks have been repeatedly repaired as the cantilevers continued to sag. By 2001 some of the 15 foot cantilevers had fallen more than 7 inches. To avoid a complete collapse, an ingenious system was devised using tensioned cables to correct the problem and stabilize Wright's masterwork.
Arnold Schonberg, Pierrot Lunaire
style: atonality --- artist: arnold schonberg---facts: (1) music
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
style: cubism----artist--Picasso---facts: (1) this composition depicts a brothel. (2) the two figures on the far right are seen to be representations as African mask, and the one figure on the far left is looked as an archaic figure. (3) the table with fruit had originally been placed at the groin of the sailor is no longer round, it has lengthened, sharpened, and has been lowered to the edge of the canvas
portrait of Gertrude stein
style: cubism---artist: Picasso---facts: (1) this composition depicts a portrait of Gertrude stein who was a poet that asked picasso to paint her. it consisted of 90 sittings.(2) this portriat was not about likeness, physical features, but more so about what represents a character-how people would remember somewhat. (3) some of the paint is applied very thickly like on Gertrude's fingers and other places it's applied very thinly like around the shaft of her neck.
"It's Raining" (poem)
style: dada --- artist: Apollinaire---facts:
Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2)
style: dada----artist: Duchamp---facts: (1) the painting depicts a figure in motion walking down stairs. (2) A tangle of shattered geometric shapes suggest the stairs in the lower left corner of the composition while rows of receding stairs at the upper left and right frame the strangely multiplying female form as she descends (3) the painting abandoned any resemblance to nature. Its relatively monochromatic palette of warm browns and ochre subtly tinged with a greyish blue-green is typical of early Cubist paintings, but was not influenced by cubism.
Collage w/ Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance
style: dada---artist: Arp---facts: (1) depicts a grey piece of paper with blue and white squares.
Smithson, Spiral Jetty
style: earthworks----artist: Smithson---facts: (1)
Christo and Jeanne-Claude,The Gates
style: earthworks---artist: Christo and Jeanne---facts:(1) Each gate, a rectilinear three-sided rigid vinyl frame resting on two steel footings, supported saffron-colored fabric panels that hung loosely from the top. (2) The gates themselves matched the brilliant color of the fabric. The statistics are impressive: 7,503 gates ran over 23 miles of walkways; each gate was 16 feet high, with widths varying according to the paths' width. (3) The saffron color in The Gates was used to create "a golden ceiling creating warm shadows"1 for the visitor walking along the Central Park path.
Self portrait as a soldier
style: expressionism---- artist: kirchner----facts: (1) this photo depicts the painting shows Kirchner dressed in a uniform but instead of standing on a battlefield, he is standing in his studio with an amputated, bloody arm and a nude model behind him. (2) Kirchner is wearing the 75th Mansfeld Field Artillery Regiment uniform. (3) Kirchner looks to be in deep thought the way his eye gazes into the distance. he looks very skinny and sick compared to his other portrait "self portrait with a model."
Self portrait with a model, Kirchner
style: expressionism---artist: Kirchner---facts: (1) Kirchner looks to be in a studio wearing a striped robe, chest and legs exposed, holding a paint palette. (2) the warm colors could sense a sexual relationship between him and the model, she has on a short gown, whereas it looks like Kirchner just have on a robe and no clothing underneath. (3) compared to Kirchner's other self portrait, Self-portrait as a soldier, he paints himself to be more healthier and rounder in this composition
Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring (music selection)
style: expressionism---artist: Stravinsky----facts: (1) Almost no musical work has had such a powerful influence or evoked as much controversy as Igor Stravinsky's ballet score "The Rite of Spring". The work's premiere on May 29, 1913, at the Théatre des Champs-Elysées in Paris, was scandalous. In addition to the outrageous costumes, unusual choreography and bizarre story of pagan sacrifice, Stravinsky's musical innovations tested the patience of the audience to the fullest. In this edition of Milestones of the Millennium, we explore the history surrounding "The Rite of Spring," its infamous premiere and its tremendous impact on music ever since.
Improvisation 28 (Second Version), Kandinsky
style: expressionism---artist: kandinsky---facts: (1) the title of this painting is a name of a kind of musical composition. That could be a symbol of Kandinsky trying to associate painting with music. (2) this composition would be looked upon as an abstracted painting from nature instead of a pure abstract. War could possibly be a symbol of this painting. (3) there's a lot to interpret on what is in this abstracted painting such as what looks to be buildings on a hill in the upper right of the photo, could be a church.
Unique Forms of Continuity in Space
style: futurism---artist: Boccioni---facts: (1) Unique Forms of Continuity in Space shows a figure striding into the future. (2) The face of the sculpture is abstracted into a cross, suggesting a helmet, an appropriate reference for the war-hungry Futurists. (3) The figure doesn't appear to have arms, though wing-like forms seem to emerge the rippling back
Wilfred Owen, "Dulce et Decorum Est"
style: modernism --- artist: wilfred owen---facts: (1)
Warhol, Campbell's Soup Cans
style: pop art ----arist: Warhol --- facts: (1) Though Campbell's Soup Cans resembles the mass-produced, printed advertisements by which Warhol was inspired, its canvases are hand-painted, and the fleur de lys pattern ringing each can's bottom edge is hand-stamped. (2) Warhol mimicked the repetition and uniformity of advertising by carefully reproducing the same image across each individual canvas. (3) the soupcans are varied only the label on the front of them, distinguishing them by their variety.
Johns, Flag
style: surrealism --- artist: Johns---facts: (1) depicts the flag of the united states of america. (2) Johns used encaustic type of painting in this composition. (3) strips of newspapers can be seen through this wax-like painting.
the treachery of images
style: surrealism --- artist: Magritte --- facts: (1) depicts a painting of a brown pipe with text underneath that translates to "this is not a pipe." (2)
Pollock, One: Number 31, 1950
style: surrealism --- artist: Pollock---facts(1) this composition exemplifies at a grand scale the radical "drip" technique that defined Pollock's Abstract Expressionist style (2) The canvas pulses with energy: strings and skeins of enamel—some matte, some glossy—weave and run, an intricate web of tans, blues, and grays lashed through with black and white. (3) The way the paint lies on the canvas suggests speed and force, and the image as a whole is dense and lush—yet its details have a delicacy and lyricism.
Pollock, Mural
style: surrealism --- artist: pollock--- facts: (1) Mural is the largest canvas Pollock ever painted and is often seen by art historians as a moment of liberation as the artist pushes beyond the restrictive traditions of easel painting. (2) Faces, figures, birds, numbers, letters—all are partly visable, partly hidden within this massive painting. (3) The areas of white provide visual space in between the vibrant curvilinear brushstrokes, as well as unifying the composition as a whole.
Rauschenberg, Bed
style: surrealism---artist: Rauschenberg---facts: (1) this composition depicts a combine, combination of painting and sculpture. (2) this painting also depeicts of stuff from a real bed such as a pillow, handmade quilted blanket, and sheets. (3) there are some drip techniques presented in the painting.
What is abstraction? How does it relate to cubism?
the style of abstraction in art uses geometry, form and color to convey meaning and expression as opposed to recognizable depictions of familiar objects. The style of Cubism derives from Spanish painter Pablo Picasso and his associate French artist George Braque, who were inspired by the paintings of Paul Cezanne in Paris in the first decade of the 20th century. Picasso and Braque sought to push the limits of the then popular style of Post-Impressionism, characterized by emotional use of colors, simplicity, and a trend toward abstraction.
What are the differences between Die Brücke and Der Blaue Reiter?
"Die Brücke" describes their desire to serve as a bridge from the present to the future. While each artist had his own personal style, Die Brücke art is characterized by bright, often arbitrary colors and a "primitive" aesthetic, inspired by both African and European medieval art. Their work often addressed modern urban themes of alienation and anxiety, and sexually charged themes in their depictions of the female nude. Die Blaue Reiter artists explored the spiritual in their art, which often included symbolism and allusions to ethereal concerns. They thought these ideas could be communicated directly through formal elements of color and line, that, like music, could evoke an emotional response in the viewer.
What two major factors contributed to the growth of U.S. political and economic domination during the 20th-century?
A number of factors contribute to the growth of U.S. political and economic domination in the world. First, like Canada to the north, the U.S. possesses an enormous territory and vast natural resources. Second, these resources, along with a large labor pool bolstered by immigrants, fuel the development of industry and the creation of a middle class of consumers who buy manufactured goods with their wages. The international political significance of the U.S. is confirmed by its decisive roles in the two world wars.
What is Action Painting? Which works of art in this unit are examples?
Action painting is painting that you are more active with such as pronounced brushwork and occasional drip point to an energetic, rhythmic creative expression. Examples of action painting is Mural by Pollock.
What are some of the events happening in the world that may have served as an influence for Abstract Expressionism?
Although distinguished by individual styles, the Abstract Expressionists shared common artistic and intellectual interests. While not expressly political, most of the artists held strong convictions based on Marxist ideas of social and economic equality. Many had benefited directly from employment in the Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project. There, they found influences in Regionalist styles of American artists such as Thomas Hart Benton, as well as the Socialist Realism of Mexican muralists including Diego Rivera and José Orozco. Given the atrocities of World War II, Existentialism appealed to the Abstract Expressionists. Sartre's position that an individual's actions might give life meaning suggested the importance of the artist's creative process. Through the artist's physical struggle with his materials, a painting itself might ultimately come to serve as a lasting mark of one's existence. Each of the artists involved with Abstract Expressionism eventually developed an individual style that can be easily recognized as evidence of his artistic practice and contribution.
What is "Art Deco? Describe the characteristics.
Art Deco—was considered modern, urbane, and luxurious. The term itself originated from the Exposition internationale des Arts Décoratifs et industriels modernes (International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts), held in Paris in 1925 (above right), but the roots of the style went back further. Art Deco could describe everything from the style of a corporate office tower (such as the Chrysler Building), to the decorative pattern on furniture, murals, and tilework. The style incorporated chevron, sunburst, fountain, and arc motifs, endless varieties of geometric patterns, and, in later instances especially, cubic and machine-like forms. It was generally more rectilinear than the swirling floral and vegetal patterns common in the earlier Art Nouveau (above left), and was quite distinct from the forms and details of classical Beaux-Arts architecture (Links to an external site.) and ornament, which was prominent in the early twentieth century.
Bonheur de Vivre
Artist: Matisse---Style: Fauvism---Facts: (1) the title of this painting means the joy of life. (2) the scene in the painting depicts what looks to be an open meadow near the sea, nearly all of the figures are nude. Some are alone, and others in pairs. A group in the back looks to be dancing creating a circle and enjoying nature. (3) in the middle right of the painting, a man is playing an instrument and is accompanied by 3 goats. the 3 goats could symbolize vitality.
What is "Pop Art"? What is the primary concern of this movement and how does it relate to popular culture?
At first glance, Pop Art might seem to glorify popular culture by elevating soup cans, comic strips and hamburgers to the status of fine art on the walls of museums. But, then again, a second look may suggest a critique of the mass marketing practices and consumer culture that emerged in the United States after World War II
What is atonality in music?
Atonality, in music, is the absence of functional harmony as a primary structural element.
What was the artistic relationship between Braque and Picasso?
Between the years 1908 and the beginning of the First World War in 1914, Braque and Picasso work together so closely that even experts can have difficulty telling the work of one artist from the other. For months on end they would visit each others studio on an almost daily basis sharing ideas and challenging each other as they went. Still, a pattern did emerge and it tended to be to Picasso's benefit. When a radical new idea was introduced, more than likely, it was Braque that recognized its value. But it was inevitably Picasso who realized its potential and was able to fully exploit it.
What are the characteristics of Expressionism? How did they come to earn this name?
Characteristics of expression would be where the artist uses color, line, and visible techniques to evoke powerful responses from the viewer and can be dated from the early 20th century but continue expressive traditions that can be found throughout art's history. When capitalized as "Expressionism," however, the term refers more specifically to an artistic tendency that became popular throughout Europe in the early 20th century. Like many categories in art history, Expressionism was not a name coined by artists themselves. It first emerged around 1910 as a way to classify art that shared common stylistic traits and seemed to emphasize emotional impact over descriptive accuracy.
What are the characteristics and influences of Futurism?
Characteristics of futurism would be for its members sought to capture the idea of modernity, the sensations and aesthetics of speed, movement, and industrial development. What influened is was in the early 1900s, a group of young and rebellious Italian writers and artists emerged determined to celebrate industrialization. They were frustrated by Italy's declining status and believed that the "Machine Age" would result in an entirely new world order and even a renewed consciousness.
What is Dada? What are the major characteristics and what is the overall purpose?
Duchamp's provocation characterized not only his art, but also the short-lived, enigmatic, and incredibly diverse transnational group of artists who constituted a movement known as Dada. Dada artists worked in a wide range of media, frequently using irreverent humor and wordplay to examine relationships between art and language and voice opposition to outdated and destructive social customs. Although it was a fleeting phenomenon, lasting only from about 1914-1918 (and coinciding with WWI), Dada succeeded in irrevocably changing the way we view art, opening it up to a variety of experimental media, themes, and practices that still inform art today. Duchamp's idea of the readymade has been one of the most important legacies of Dada.
What is "Organic Architecture"
Edgar Kaufmann Jr. pointed out that Wright's famous concept of "Organic Architecture" stems from his Transcendentalist background. The belief that human life is part of nature.
What is existentialism?
Existentialism - the belief that an individual's actions give life meaning
Describe the birth of jazz and how female musicians gained success.
Following World War I, large numbers of jazz musicians migrated from New Orleans to major northern cities such as Chicago and New York, leading to a wider dispersal of jazz as different styles developed in different cities. As the 1920s progressed, jazz rose in popularity and helped to generate a cultural shift. Because of its popularity in speakeasies, illegal nightclubs where alcohol was sold during Prohibition, and its proliferation due to the emergence of more advanced recording devices, jazz became very popular in a short amount of time, with stars including Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, and Chick Webb. Several famous entertainment venues such as the Apollo Theater and the Cotton Club came to epitomize the Jazz Age. The surfacing of flappers—women noted for their flamboyant style of dress, progressive attitudes, and modernized morals—began to captivate society during the Jazz Age. This coincided with a period in American society during which many more opportunities became available for women, in their social lives and especially in the entertainment industry.
Why does Dada emerge during WWI?
For the disillusioned artists of the Dada movement, the war merely confirmed the degradation of social structures that led to such violence: corrupt and nationalist politics, repressive social values, and unquestioning conformity of culture and thought. From 1916 until the mid-1920s, artists in Zurich, New York, Cologne, Hanover, and Paris declared an all-out assault against not only on conventional definitions of art, but on rational thought itself. "The beginnings of Dada," poet Tristan Tzara recalled, "were not the beginnings of art, but of disgust." Dada's subversive and revolutionary ideals emerged from the activities of a small group of artists and poets in Zurich, eventually cohering into a set of strategies and philosophies adopted by a loose international network of artists aiming to create new forms of visual art, performance, and poetry as well as alternative visions of the world.
How did Futurism's political leanings impact its importance?
Futurism was one of the most politicized art movements of the twentieth century. It merged artistic and political agendas in order to propel change in Italy and across Europe. The Futurists would hold what they called serate futuriste, or Futurist evenings, where they would recite poems and display art, while also shouting politically charged rhetoric at the audience in the hope of inciting riot. They believed that agitation and destruction would end the status quo and allow for the regeneration of a stronger, energized Italy. These positions led the Futurists to support the coming war, and like most of the group's members, leading painter Boccioni enlisted in the army during World War I.
What does "primitive mean"? Which styles have primitivism as a characteristic and how does this appear in the art?
German Expressionists, like other European artists of the time, found inspiration in so-called "primitive" sources that included African art, as well as European medieval and folk art and others untrained in Western artistic traditions.
What is the inspiration for Dumuth's painting, I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold?
I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold was inspired by the poem, "The Great Figure," written by Demuth's friend, William Carlos Williams
What is a readymade? Provide an example.
It is a new form of art Duchamp called the "readymade"— a mass-produced or found object that the artist transformed into art by the operation of selection and naming. The readymades challenged the very idea of artistic production, and what constitutes art in a gallery or museum. an example would be duchamp's early work such as Bicycle Wheel and Bottle Rack as early as 1913.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
Literary, visual, and performing arts flourish in Harlem, the African-American enclave of New York City, spurred by the mass migration of blacks from rural areas to northern cities. Poets, novelists, painters, and musicians of the "New Negro Movement"—later called the Harlem Renaissance—search for new forms of expression to convey their racial experiences and celebrate African-American cultural identity.
What is meant by the "dematerialization of art"? Provide an example of a work of art that fits this description.
Minimalism and Pop Art paved the way for later artists to explore questions about the conceptual nature of art, its form, its production, and its ability to communicate in different ways. In the late 1960s and 1970s, these ideas led to a "dematerialization of art," when artists turned away from painting and sculpture to experiment with new formats including photography, film and video, performance art, large-scale installations and earth works. An example would "John Baldessari, I Will Not Make Any More Boring Art"
What city became the center of art in the international art scene at the beginning of the century?
New York. As the United States emerges as an important world economic and political power, it also becomes central to the international art scene, with New York usurping the preeminent role previously played by Paris.
What are the characteristics of Surrealism?
Some major characteristics of surrealism include dreams and unconsciousness as a valid reality, depictions of perverse sexuality, scatology, decay or violence and chance and spontaneity.
Dance I, Matisse
Style: fauvism---artist: Matisse---facts: (1)the nude dancers seems to be flowing freely, when i look closely the dancers on the left seems to have a calm, even poker face type expression while the right one seems to have a smile or almost a smirk look. (2) the blue green background could represent so many things such as a grassy hilltop and the blue sky, or the blue is moving water. both colors are calming (3) there is a break in the circle where the hands of the two front dancers are parted/. it could represent for the viewer to join since it is closest to our focal point or it could represent a conflict or many other things.
What is the influence for Surrealism?
Surrealism developed out of the Dada activities during World War I and the most important center of the movement was Paris. From the 1920s onward, the movement spread around the globe, eventually affecting the visual arts, literature, film, and music of many countries and languages, as well as political thought and practice, philosophy, and social theory.I Influenced by French psychology and the work of Sigmund Freud, they experimented with practices that allowed them to explore subconscious thought and identity and bypass restrictions placed on people by social convention. For example, societal norms mandate that suddenly screaming expletives at a group of strangers—unprovoked, is completely unacceptable.
What is automatic drawing?
Surrealist artist André Masson began creating automatic drawings, essentially applying the same unfettered, unplanned process used by Surrealist writers, but to create visual images. Automatic drawing often results in vague images emerging from a chaotic background of lines and shapes, exquisite corpse drawings show precisely rendered objects juxtaposed with others, often in strange combinations.
Summarize the major outcomes of WWI.
The Allied troops created a peace treaty with Germany, hoping the hatred between these countries would die down. The Allied troops created a treaty called the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles is an outcome of World War 1 because they created the treaty to end World War 1 and its friction left behind.
Compare the types of artworks displays at the Degenerate Art Exhibition and those displayed at the Great Exhibition of German Art.
The Degenerate Art Exhibition mostly exhibited Expressionism, New Objectivism and some abstract art. Strangely, very few works came from Jewish artists, and a lot of artworks had until recently been favorites of many Nazis. Renowned works by artists such as Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Karl Schmidt-Rotluff and Ernst Barlach now hung on walls marked with graffiti. The works ranged from quiet and traditional looking, such as Ernst Barlach's The Reunion (Das Wiedersehen), 1926 which showed two poised, realistically carved wooden figures holding each other, to more grotesquely painted works, such as Otto Dix' War Cripples (Kriegskrüppel), 1920. This work shows a procession of cartoonesque yet morbid war veterans, painfully moving forward with the aid of pushchairs, prosthetic legs and crutches, smoking cheerfully, though one soldier's face is half eaten away, revealing a rictus grin of clenched teeth. In contrast, the Great Exhibition of German Art showed art with the hallmarks of classical tradition, large sculptures of tall and muscular bodies and paintings of heroic soldiers by artists such as Josef Thorak and Arno Breker. Prominent position was given to Breker's Decathlete ('Zehnkämpfer')and Victory ('Siegerin'), both made in 1936, showing two bronze figures over three metres high, their impersonal facial expressions and perfectly proportioned bodies almost archetypical examples of the classical style.
What was the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition? What was the purpose of this exhibition?
The Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art) Exhibition offered a tour through the art that the National Socialist Party had rejected on ideological grounds. It was made up of art that was not considered 'Aryan' and offered a last glimpse before these works of art disappeared. The Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art) Exhibition cleverly manipulated visitors to loathe and ridicule the art on exhibit, in part by erasing their original meaning.
What are the characteristics of Fauvism? What does the term "Les Fauves" mean?
The Fauves produced bright cheery landscapes and figure paintings, characterized by pure vivid color and bold distinctive brushwork. The term "Les Fauves" means "wild beasts."
What are the major themes apparent in WWI Literature?
The First World War inspired established authors, soldiers, combat nurses, and grieving family members to write about the horrors and devastating losses they experienced. The major themes were about poems, shorts stories, and books about the war's raw brutality, in contrast with patriotic verses and platitudes
When did the U.S. stock market crash, ushering in the Great Depression?
The U.S. stock market crashes on October 24, 1929 "Black Thursday," triggering a worldwide economic collapse—the Great Depression—that will last until the beginning of World War II.
How is the treatment of color by the Fauves different from that of the Post-Impressionists?
The best known Fauve artists include Henri Matisse, André Derain, and Maurice Vlaminck who pioneered its distinctive style. Their early works reveal the influence of Post-Impressionist artists, especially Neo-Impressionists like Paul Signac, whose interest in color's optical effects had led to a divisionist method of juxtaposing pure hues on canvas. The Fauves, however, lacked such scientific intent. They emphasized the expressive potential of color, employing it arbitrarily, not based on an object's natural appearance.
How did federal programs like the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and Farm Security Administration (FSA) influence and encourage the arts?
The federal government launches the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which, like other New Deal programs, provides employment for artists. Ben Shahn (1898-1969), Stuart Davis (1892-1964), and Jackson Pollock (1912-1956), among thousands of other artists, produce murals, sculptures, posters, and other graphic materials for public buildings and for exhibitions held in dozens of community art centers established across the country by the Federal Art Project. Photographers document the living and working conditions of Americans during the Depression with the support of the Resettlement Administration (later called the Farm Security Administration). Among the photographers is Dorothea Lange (1895-1965), whose images of the Dust Bowl exodus become symbols of the migrant experience.
What is Abstract Expressionism? What are the characteristics of this style?
The group of artists known as Abstract Expressionists emerged in the United States in the years following World War II. As the term suggests, their work was characterized by non-objective imagery that appeared emotionally charged with personal meaning. The artists, however, rejected these implications of the name. They insisted their subjects were not "abstract," but rather primal images, deeply rooted in society's collective unconscious. Their paintings did not express mere emotion. They communicated universal truths about the human condition. Most Abstract Expressionist paintings are large scale, include non-objective imagery, lack a clear focal point, and show visible signs of the artist's working process, but these characteristics are not consistent in every example.
What are the characteristics of Cubism? Is this a fitting name and why?
The one of the main characteristics of Cubism would be the presenting of a three dimensional object as an abstract form on a two dimensional surface. In order to achieve this, objects are defragmented, analysed, and reconstructed in an abstract form. Cubism is a terrible name. Except for a very brief moment, the style has nothing to do with cubes. Instead, it is an extension of the formal ideas developed by Cézanne and broader perceptual ideas that became increasingly important in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
What is the subject of Lawrence's The Migration Series?
The subject of Lawrence's The Migration Series were the migration of african-americans from the agricultural south into the industrial north.
Why was Igor Stravinsky's ballet score "The Rite of Spring" so scandalous when it debuted in 1913?
The work's premiere on May 29, 1913, at the Théatre des Champs-Elysées in Paris, was scandalous. In addition to the outrageous costumes, unusual choreography and bizarre story of pagan sacrifice, Stravinsky's musical innovations tested the patience of the audience to the fullest
Summarize the causes of WWI.
World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and lasted until 1918. During the conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) fought against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers). Thanks to new military technologies and the horrors of trench warfare, World War I saw unprecedented levels of carnage and destruction. By the time the war was over and the Allied Powers claimed victory, more than 16 million people—soldiers and civilians alike—were dead.
Krasner, Untitled
artist: Krasner ---style: surrealism---facts: (1) Untitled is a relatively small work—vertically oriented and consisting of tightly painted, gridded crescents of black and white paint with flecks of vibrant color. (2) This painting belongs to a series from the late 1940s that Krasner called "Little Images." (3) the tightly woven and interlocking shapes of Untitled had little of the drip and sweep of Pollock or de Kooning
Oldenburg, Lipstick
artist: Oldenburg---style: abstract expressionism--facts: (1)A monumental tube of lipstick sprouting from a military vehicle appeared,uninvited, on the campus of Yale University amidst the 1969 student protests against the Vietnam War. (2) Lipstick (Ascending) on Caterpillar Tracks claimed a visible space for the anti-war movement while also poking fun at the solemnity of the plaza. (3) In addition to its feminine associations, the large lipstick tube is phallic and bullet-like, making the benign beauty product seem masculine or even violent.
Oppenheim, Object
artist: Oppenheim --- style: surrealism --- facts: (1) depicts an image of fur covered cup, saucer, and spoon. (2) he twenty-two year old Basel-born artist, Meret Oppenheim, had been in Paris for four years when, one day, she was at a café with Pablo Picasso and Dora Maar. Oppenheim was wearing a brass bracelet covered in fur when Picasso and Maar, who were admiring it, proclaimed, "Almost anything can be covered in fur!" As Oppenheim's tea grew cold, she jokingly asked the waiter for "more fur." Inspiration struck—Oppenheim is said to have gone straight from the café to a store where she purchased the cup, saucer, and spoon used in this piece. This amusing story belies the importance of Object and the critical acclaim and public fascination that has elevated it to point where it has become the definitive surrealist object...ultimately to Oppenheim's dismay. (3)
S. Eliot, The Waste Land
artist: S. Eliot---style: modernism---facts: (1) Considered one of the most influential modernist poems of the twentieth century for its cerebral, sparse, and haunting vision of society after the First World War. "I will show you fear in a handful of dust."
Egon Schiele, Seated Male Nude (Self-Portrait)
artist: Schiele----style: expressionism---facts: (1) this painting depicts a self-portrait of 20 year old Schiele, he paints himself to look very bony with his feet amputated. (2) besides the strong muscular details on his body, he have a lot of red heightened details such as his eyes, nipples, genitals, and belly button which could sense a feel of emotion in this painting (3) The expressive contortions of the body reflect sculptural traditions of the past, but Schiele's figure lacks the heroism of male nudes by artists such as Michelangelo.
Warhol, Marilyn Diptych
artist: Warhol---style: pop art---facts:(1) Andy Warhol's Marilyn Diptych is made of two silver canvases on which the artist silkscreened a photograph of Marilyn Monroe fifty times. (2) an interpretation from this composition would be by repeating Monroe's mask-like face, he not only drains away her life, but also ours as well, by deadening our emotional response to her death. (3) The painting is more than a mere celebration of Monroe's iconic status. It is an invitation to consider the consequences of the increasing role of mass media images in our everyday lives.
the persistence of memory
artist: dali --- style: surrealism --- facts: (1) there are three melting clocks in what looks to be a deserted landscape. (2) the painting could get a sense of quiet and desertness the way that there is no activity going. (3) on the left a dead tree branch is growing out of what looks to be something man-made like a thick desk, and there is insects attracted to the object.
Demuth, I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold
artist: demuth---style: american modernism---facts: (1)The setting is a tunnel-like street, which is flanked by sidewalks and buildings. (2) Much of this backdrop is gray and black, but for the illuminated shop windows and globular streetlamps on both sides. (3) The fire engine dominates the middle of the composition and although its form is abstracted we can recognize it by its red color.
LHOOQ
artist: duchamp---style: dada----facts: (1)Marcel Duchamp's scandalous L.H.O.O.Q is an altered postcard reproduction of Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa. (2) Duchamp penciled a moustache and a goatee over Mona Lisa's upper lip and chin. (3) The title riffs on the French pronunciation of the letters, "Elle a chaud au cul," which roughly translates as "She has a hot ass."
Fountain, duchamp
artist: duchamp---style: dada---facts: (1) Fountain is Duchamp's most notorious 'readymade' which he presented for exhibition to the 1917 Society of Independent Artists under the pseudonym R. Mutt.duchamp went to a plumbing company called Mott purchased this urinal and made into his own piece of work.
Lawrence, The Migration Series
artist: lawrence -- style: harlem renaissance-- facts: (1) depicts a series of 60 paitings regarding to the migration of african americans from the agricultural south to the industrial north. (2) in the painting you can see names of where the african americans would migrate to and that concluded new york, chicago, and st loius. (3) these series also show how racism and segregation were.
Gift, man ray
artist: man ray --- style: surrealism--- facts: (1) Among the works he exhibited was one unlisted sculpture: the object, which he called The Gift, was an everyday flatiron with brass tacks glued in a column down its center. (2)
Guernica
artist: picasso---style: cubism---facts: (1)this composition depicts Picasso expressing his anger towards war. (2) the figures in this photo looks to be in complete chaos with their mouths gaped wide open and looks to be screaming in agony. there are also bulls and horses in the photo. the horse and bull are images Picasso used his entire career, part of the life and death ritual of the Spanish bullfights he first saw as a child. Some scholars interpret the horse and bull as representing the deadly battle between the Republican fighters (horse) and Franco's fascist army (bull) (3)Picasso chose to paint Guernica in a stark monochromatic palette of gray, black and white. This may reflect his initial encounter with the original newspaper reports and photographs in black and white
Walker Evans, Subway Passengers, New York City
artist: walker evans---style: american modernism---facts: (1) Between 1938 and 1941 Evans photographed passengers in the New York City Subway with a camera cleverly hidden inside his coat. (2) all the photos are in black and white. (3) walker believes that the photographs reveals how close we are to men, to one another, even if the two people are not together, the photo makes them bound forever.
Douglas, The Prodigal Son
style: Harlem renaissance --- artist: douglas --- facts: (1)This painting is inspired by a poem of the same name. Douglas moves away from spirituality and is worldly. This person is not surrounded by holy light and is under the glow from hanging spotlight in a club. In this painting, his silhouettes represent disgraceful characters and the ending of morals. There are representations of modern indulgence such as money, a playing card, dice, and a gin bottle
Lichtenstein, Drowning Girl
style: abstract expressionism---artist: Lichtenstein---facts: (1) this composition is sourced from a comic pop. a style that Lichtenstein normally used. (2) this composition is in action as the women as tears in her eyes trying to stay afloat. (3) the text says "" I don't care! I'd rather sink--then call Brad for help!"-it is bubbled to symbolize that what she was thinking instead of actually speaking
Lichtenstein, Oh, Jeff...I love you too, but..
style: abstract expressionism---artist: lichtenstein---facts: (1)
Lange, Migrant Mother
style: american modernism ---artist: Lange---facts: (1) The photo revolves around the life and family of 32-year old Florence Owens Thompson, a mother of seven children who was living close to starvation in a simple tent. (2) the manner in which the photograph is presented shows a really stressed out woman with two children on both of her shoulders (3) the two children face is hidden, they look to be hopeless and in distress. it makes the photo even more emotionally powerful.
Wood, American Gothic
style: american modernism ---artist: Wood---facts: (1) Wood wanted this painting to be depicted as a farmer and his daughter. the details are very realistic (2) the farmer seems to be looking straight at the viewer whereas the daughter is looking off to the side. (3) they are standing in front of their home which in their window has a black curtain up with white little diamonds.
O'Keeffe, The Lawrence Tree
style: american modernism---artist: O'keeffe--facts: (1) the way the view of the tree is created, it is almost as if the artist is giving up a sense of viewing the tree from lying on the ground viewpoint. (2) the tree is an unnatural color, it's red with black leaves. (3) the setting of this composition is at night time
Hopper, Nighthawks
style: american modernism---artist: hopper---facts: (1) In place of meaningful interactions, the four characters inside the diner of Edward Hopper's Nighthawks are involved in a series of near misses. The man and woman might be touching hands, but they aren't. (2) The waiter and smoking-man might be conversing, but they're not (3) Hopper has placed the viewer on the city street, with no door to enter the diner, and yet in a position to evaluate each of the people inside.
Calder, Mobile
style: american modernism--artist: Calder---facts: (1) the mobiles move by themselves with a slight touch or even by small gust of wind. (2) the object takes on different forms as it is motion. (3)
Wright, Guggenheim Museum (Modern)
style: architecture -- artist: wright --- facts: spiral museum built out of concrete. (2) very geometric building. (3) originally called the museum of non objective art, which was an early way of saying abstract
Van Alen, The Chrysler Building (art deco)
style: architecture --- artist: van alen ---- facts: (1) With its sky-piercing spire, its sleek, metallic ornament poking out over the streetscape, and its luxurious marble- and metal-lined interiors, the Chrysler Building epitomizes its time: an era of concentrated wealth, industrial power, and large-scale city building. (2) It claimed the title of world's tallest building from its official completion on May 27, 1930, until the completion of the Empire State Building on April 11, 1931. (3) In 1927, Architect William Van Alen received a commission for an office tower from real-estate developer William H. Reynolds. It was to be 808 feet tall with a crowning glass dome meant to "give the effect of a great jeweled sphere.
